Gergely Csiky | Hungarian Academy of Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by Gergely Csiky

A szegvár-oromdűlői temető és a Tiszántúl kora avar időszaka, 2022

kora avar kori közelharci fegyverek close-combat weapons from the Early Avar Period

Studia Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series Historica, 2011

International Journal of Cultural Property, 2011

Continuous changes are happening in the legislation of preventive archaeology in Hungary. The pro... more Continuous changes are happening in the legislation of preventive archaeology in Hungary. The protection of cultural heritage in Hungary is currently regulated by the Cultural Heritage Law Nr. LXIV of 2001, according to which, if an development project endangers an archaeological site and its replanning would raise the budget considerably, preventive excavation is needed. All the costs of the excavation should be covered by the investor, but the financing should be at least 0.9% of the total budget of the project. Normally, the archaeological works covered 1–5% of the overall cost of the constructions. This law made possible the complete excavation, documentation, deposition, and primary study of the finds endangered by the development.

In this study 66 individuals from the Carpathian Basin were analysed, including the eight richest... more In this study 66 individuals from the Carpathian Basin were analysed, including the eight richest Avar graves ever discovered, overflowing with golden objects. The study included other individuals from the region prior to and during the Avar age “We address a question that has been a mystery for more than 1400 years: who were the Avar elites, mysterious founders of an empire that almost crushed Constantinople and for more than 200 years ruled in Carpathian Basin? The Avars did not leave written records about their history and these first genome-wide data provide robust clues about their origins. The historical contextualization of the archaeogenetic results allowed us to narrow the timing of the proposed Avar migration. They covered more than 5000 km in a few years from Mongolia to the Caucasus, and after ten more years settled in what is now Hungary.
This is the fastest long-distance migration in human history that we can reconstruct up to that point. Besides their clear affinity to Northeast Asia and their likely origin due to the fall of the Rouran Empire, we also see that the 7th-century Avar period elites show 20-30% of additional non-local ancestry, likely associated with the North Caucasus and the Western Asian Steppe, which could suggest further migration from the Steppe after their arrival in the 6th century. The East Asian ancestry is found in individuals from several sites in the core settlement area between the Danube and Tisza rivers in modern day central Hungary. However, outside the primary settlement region we find high variability in inter-individual levels of admixture. This suggests an immigrant Avars elite ruling a diverse population with the help of a heterogeneous local elite.

Cell, 2022

The Avars were a mysterious population that settled the Carpathian Basin in 567/ 68 CE, and their... more The Avars were a mysterious population that settled the Carpathian Basin in 567/
68 CE, and their origins have remained enigmatic. Genomic analyses of 66 pre-
Avar and Avar-period individuals, integrated with archaeological and
historical data, suggest that Avar elites underwent a long-distance, trans-
Eurasian migration from the East Asian steppe.

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

A szegvár-oromdűlői temető és a Tiszántúl kora avar időszaka, 2022

kora avar kori közelharci fegyverek close-combat weapons from the Early Avar Period

Studia Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series Historica, 2011

International Journal of Cultural Property, 2011

Continuous changes are happening in the legislation of preventive archaeology in Hungary. The pro... more Continuous changes are happening in the legislation of preventive archaeology in Hungary. The protection of cultural heritage in Hungary is currently regulated by the Cultural Heritage Law Nr. LXIV of 2001, according to which, if an development project endangers an archaeological site and its replanning would raise the budget considerably, preventive excavation is needed. All the costs of the excavation should be covered by the investor, but the financing should be at least 0.9% of the total budget of the project. Normally, the archaeological works covered 1–5% of the overall cost of the constructions. This law made possible the complete excavation, documentation, deposition, and primary study of the finds endangered by the development.

In this study 66 individuals from the Carpathian Basin were analysed, including the eight richest... more In this study 66 individuals from the Carpathian Basin were analysed, including the eight richest Avar graves ever discovered, overflowing with golden objects. The study included other individuals from the region prior to and during the Avar age “We address a question that has been a mystery for more than 1400 years: who were the Avar elites, mysterious founders of an empire that almost crushed Constantinople and for more than 200 years ruled in Carpathian Basin? The Avars did not leave written records about their history and these first genome-wide data provide robust clues about their origins. The historical contextualization of the archaeogenetic results allowed us to narrow the timing of the proposed Avar migration. They covered more than 5000 km in a few years from Mongolia to the Caucasus, and after ten more years settled in what is now Hungary.
This is the fastest long-distance migration in human history that we can reconstruct up to that point. Besides their clear affinity to Northeast Asia and their likely origin due to the fall of the Rouran Empire, we also see that the 7th-century Avar period elites show 20-30% of additional non-local ancestry, likely associated with the North Caucasus and the Western Asian Steppe, which could suggest further migration from the Steppe after their arrival in the 6th century. The East Asian ancestry is found in individuals from several sites in the core settlement area between the Danube and Tisza rivers in modern day central Hungary. However, outside the primary settlement region we find high variability in inter-individual levels of admixture. This suggests an immigrant Avars elite ruling a diverse population with the help of a heterogeneous local elite.

Cell, 2022

The Avars were a mysterious population that settled the Carpathian Basin in 567/ 68 CE, and their... more The Avars were a mysterious population that settled the Carpathian Basin in 567/
68 CE, and their origins have remained enigmatic. Genomic analyses of 66 pre-
Avar and Avar-period individuals, integrated with archaeological and
historical data, suggest that Avar elites underwent a long-distance, trans-
Eurasian migration from the East Asian steppe.

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons, 2015

„HADAK ÚTJÁN” A NÉPVÁNDORLÁSKOR FIATAL KUTATÓINAK XXIX. KONFERENCIÁJA Budapest, 2019. november 15–16., 2019

Horse riding greatly impacted past societies by increasing mobility and revolutionizing warfare. ... more Horse riding greatly impacted past societies by increasing mobility and revolutionizing warfare. Horses were also frequently used for sports and hunting. These various practices implied close interactions between riders and their mounts, considered as precious companions. This couple is also strongly linked to wealth and power, therefore social representations. This relationship contributed to raising a figure of the horseman, between myth and reality, often in a positive/negative duality.
A variety of sources provide precious evidence including human and equids bones, harness, archaeological contexts, written sources and pictorial depictions, nowadays ethnographical observations and method of ethology on this special couple across time and space. Their analysis can provide information on equestrian practices, physical interactions and performances of the rider with his mount and methods of training and grooming of these animals. It can also give us an idea of cultural perceptions of horsemen on their horses, of the society on the horsemen.
This session aims to explore the strong horseman-horse relationship by highlighting the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches. We hope to illustrate the need to share knowledge from different disciplines for a better understanding of this strong link. We expect papers focusing on-or even crossing-different realms as archaeological context analysis, studies on human and equid bones, equestrian material, iconography, social and cultural anthropology, etc. which can document this topic. Works interested in European as well as non-European contexts and on diverse periods are welcome.

CfP EAA 2020 Session #469, 2020

Horseman-horse couple through time and space Riding greatly impacted past societies by increasing... more Horseman-horse couple through time and space Riding greatly impacted past societies by increasing mobility and revolutionizing warfare. Horses were also frequently use for sports and hunting. These various uses implied close interactions between riders and their mounts, considered as precious companions. This couple is also strongly linked to wealth and power, therefore social representations. This relationship contributed to raise a figure of the horseman, between myth and reality, often in a positive/negative duality. A variety of sources provide precious evidences on this special couple across time and space, as human and equids bones or harness material, their archaeological context, written sources and pictorial depictions, nowadays ethnographical observations and ethological sciences. Their analysis can provide information on equestrian practices, physical interactions and performances of the rider with his mount and methods of training and grooming of these animals. It can also give us an idea of cultural perceptions of horsemen on their horses, of the society on the horsemen. This session aims to highlight the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches exploring horseman-horse relationship. We hope illustrate the need of crossing knowledge from different disciplines for a better understanding of this strong link. We expect papers focused on-or even crossing-different realms as archaeological context analysis, osteological studies, iconography, social and cultural anthropology, etc. which can document this topic. Works interested in European as well as non-European contexts and on diverse periods are welcomed. We actually know that several specialists from France, United Kingdom, Hungary and Finland are interested by participating in this session. *