Judit Acsády | Hungarian Academy of Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by Judit Acsády

Glasnik Etnografskog instituta, Dec 31, 2022

Quarterly devoted a special issue for the question. See "Gender Contradictions/Gender Transformat... more Quarterly devoted a special issue for the question. See "Gender Contradictions/Gender Transformations: cases from Eastern Europe." Volume XXIII. Number 4. Winter 1989. 2 Same as above.

BRILL eBooks, 2011

Less is known about Elsa Brandstrom's contribution to the reintegration of returning POWs and... more Less is known about Elsa Brandstrom's contribution to the reintegration of returning POWs and their families in post-war German and Austrian society, and to the concomitant reconstruction of gender roles. This chapter seeks to fill a significant gap in the historical record. It first examines Elsa Brandstrom's activities during the Russian civil war from 1918 to 1920, and in particular her efforts to secure the repatriation of former German and Austrian prisoners trapped by the fighting in the Caucasus, Siberia and Russian Central Asia. The chapter then looks at her work with returnees and their families in Germany after 1922, and at her role in the movement for international reconciliation and peace, especially at the time of the 1923 Ruhr crisis. It ends with some broader comments on the significance of Elsa Brandstrom's work for the question of women's activism in the aftermath of the First World War more generally. Keywords:Austrian society; Elsa Brandstrom; First World War; Germany; prisoners of war; women's activism

Womens Studies International Forum, Jul 1, 1999

ABSTRACT This article debates the potential for building feminism in Hungary—a country where, und... more ABSTRACT This article debates the potential for building feminism in Hungary—a country where, under State Socialism, women's emancipation was considered already resolved. More recently, under the economic impact of globalization and the re-establishment of the market economy, full employment and the state provision of social services are disappearing. Women's groups are now split between, for example, reclaiming women's traditional status in motherhood, and saving state nurseries. The impact of such contradictions, and the conflicts between feminism and tradition, are illustrated here by an analysis of how feminist issues are debated in the Hungarian media. This article concludes that, in times of change, feminists face the challenge of allowing time for a process of healing in society, as well as facing differences between women locally and nationally, before being able to build a feminism that challenges wider power relationships at national and international levels.

Alternatív szociológia A szociológia önálló tudománnyá válásának kezdete óta hordozza a társadalo... more Alternatív szociológia A szociológia önálló tudománnyá válásának kezdete óta hordozza a társadalom megismerésének igénye mellett a társadalomjobbító szándékot. A kétfajta irányultság nem feltétlenül békíthető ki egymással, a tiszta tudományosság, az elemzés, értelmezés, modellalkotás önmagáért való művelése mellett lándzsát törők akár értetlenül is állhatnak a társadalom aktuális problémáinak megoldására való törekvés motiválta kutatási témaválasztások előtt. Koronként, szociológiai iskolánként eltérő a két megközelítés jelenléte, érvényessége. A legutóbbi nagyobb, aktivista jellegű, egyenlőtlenségek megszüntetésére irányuló és a korábban hallgatásban maradó társadalmi csoportoknak hangot adni kívánó szociológia a legendás hatvanas és hetvenes évek zajos amerikai campusainak és a nyugati egyetemek forrongó hangulatának lecsendesedésével a '90-es évekre újra

REGIO

2 Nyilvánvalóan ez a "menekülés" vagy "kapaszkodó" a "kiváltságosok" sajátja, a legkiszolgáltatot... more 2 Nyilvánvalóan ez a "menekülés" vagy "kapaszkodó" a "kiváltságosok" sajátja, a legkiszolgáltatottabbak, akiket a válsághelyzet leginkább érintett, depriváltak ezektől a lehetőségektől is.

Az adatfelvetel modszere: kvalitativ: felig strukturalt interjuk (narrativ es tematikus). A minta... more Az adatfelvetel modszere: kvalitativ: felig strukturalt interjuk (narrativ es tematikus). A mintavetel: szakertői. Esetszam: 80.

Surveys on science and technology indicate that in general, women are less interested in, and les... more Surveys on science and technology indicate that in general, women are less interested in, and less supportive of science and technology than are men. However, differences between women and men highly depend on the specific technology, and amongst the more educated groups gender differences tend to be rather small. According to recent empirical data, Hungarian attitudes towards biotechnology are not significantly determined by gender. Women as a social group do not identify as supporters of or opponents to these technologies, although certain genderspecific concerns are expressed, as for example in the case of consumption of genetically modified (GM) food. This paper first presents some background information followed by data collected by international and national surveys related to science-society, biotechnology and gender issues. Next, it introduces two examples for biotechnologyrelated legislation: (i) the special legislation introduced in Hungary concerning production of MON 810...

Women Activists between War and Peace, 2017

East Central Europe, 2019

This study is a part of the RE-WORK research project at the Centre for Social Science of the Hung... more This study is a part of the RE-WORK research project at the Centre for Social Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and it contributes to the initiative to create a social history overview of Hungarian industrial labor since the last decades of the nineteenth century. Women workers in Hungary have been part of the labor force ever since the beginning of industrialization, and yet they have mostly formed a distinct and in certain ways segregated group of industrial laborers. Based on statistical data, a review of secondary literature, and pointing at some original sources, the study provides an overview of the main characteristics and the tendencies as well as the most relevant features of women’s employment in industry in Hungary.

The Women's Movement in Wartime, 2007

Hungary joined the First World War as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to defend the Empire’s ... more Hungary joined the First World War as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to defend the Empire’s interests. The war was presented in Hungary as being supported by the whole nation. Enthusiasm for the war and hostility against the enemy were understood to be inherent in patriotism and were expected to be demonstrated. Yet there were some who remained pacifist throughout the conflict. The politicians and social scientists who gathered around the first sociology journal, Twentieth Century (Huszadik Szdzad), and the movement of the so-called ‘middle-class radicals’ (polgari radikalisok) were critical of the war, although their pacifism was often merely theoretical (Merey 1947: 45). The pacifist circles, who met informally in cafes or private apartments, were connected to free masonry in Budapest. The Radical Party’s programme also included the idea of anti-militarism (ibid.: 45). During the war, some of the strikes against poor food supply and high prices organized by the Party of Hungarian Social Democrats were likewise connected to this criticism of militarism (Nevelő 1980: 118–20). Yet the social democrats, in their fear of the authorities (who accused them of anti-war propaganda), did not, apart from a manifesto in 1916, publish or act openly against the war.2 It seems that the strongest voice against the war in Hungary that could be heard was that of women (Galantai 2001: 206).

Women's Movements and Female Activists, 1918-1923

Women Editors in Europe, 2021

Women have been active as writers, translators, journalists, and editors in Hungarian public life... more Women have been active as writers, translators, journalists, and editors in Hungarian public life since the mid-nineteenth century. They both participated in the mainstream press and created their own public spaces by establishing periodicals advocating women’s education, employment, and political rights. This article focuses on the Budapest-based journals A Nő és a társadalom [Woman and Society] (1907‒13), founded by Rózsa Schwimmer (1877–1948), and its successor A Nő [Woman] (1914‒27), the official organs of the Hungarian Feminist Association and the National Federation of Female Clerks. Drawing on the archives of the Feminist Association, including readers’ letters, it explores the networks connected to the journals. More particularly, it demonstrates how the editors, who also played key roles in the Association, established local offices and affiliate groups outside the capital to expand their readership and to propagate feminist ideas in the most effective way.

L' HOMME: ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR FEMINISTISCHE GESCHICHTSWISSENSCHAFT , Nov 11, 2018

A large number of public events, conferences, exhibitions and publications shows that there has b... more A large number of public events, conferences, exhibitions and publications shows that there has been significant attention placed to the commemoration of the 100 th year anniversary of the First World War in Hungary since 2014. 1 In this year, more events and exhibitions about the Great War took place than during the past 25 years altogether. However, it should be noted that the centrally launched, state-funded calls that aimed at creating, editing and organising commemoration projects in Hungary, were mostly announced not earlier than in 2014. 2 This resulted in a special challenge, as this timeframe did not allow for new basic research projects in the year of the centenary. The final results of those long term projects initiated after 2014 will obviously become evident much later. 3 The selected projects were expected to draw the public attention to new, innovative perspectives of the Great War. The Hungarian government created the Centenary Commemorational Committee of World War One in late 2012. 4 Its members are heads of ministries and high government officials, except for the historian Mária Schmidt, the leading figure in the 1 The authors wish to thank historian Boldizsár Vörös for giving us basic information and guidance about centenary events and publications at the beginning of our data collection. He contributed to several projects and publications on World War One. Cf. Boldizsár Vörös, Terek, tömegek, filmek: Rendezvények magyar híradókban 1915-ben és 1919-ben [Spaces, People, Films: Events in Hung-arian Film Reports, 1915 and 1919], in: Iván Bertényi Jr., László Boka and Enikő Katona (eds.), Propaganda-politika, hétköznapi és magas kultúra, művészet és média a Nagy Háborúban [Pro-paganda-Politics, Culture, Arts and Media in the Great War], Budapest 2016, 303-312. We also thank Iván Bertényi Jr., András Gerő and András Kappanyos for their time and their valuable comments to our interview questions. 2 Cf. Zoltán Oszkár Szőts, Volt egyszer egy évforduló-válogatás az utóbbi két év első világháborús szakirodalmából [Once Upon a Time on a Centenary. Selection of WWI Literature of the Past Two

tevékenységét, és a szerző korábbi számos publikációiját (a TNTeF-ben is) és konferencia előadása... more tevékenységét, és a szerző korábbi számos publikációiját (a TNTeF-ben is) és konferencia előadásait, pl. Acsády 1999; Acsády-Mészáros 2016. Korábban elsősorban a választójogi törekvések történetének kapcsán foglalkoztak az egyesülettel, ld pl. N. Szegvári 1981.

Glasnik Etnografskog instituta, Dec 31, 2022

BRILL eBooks, 2011

Womens Studies International Forum, Jul 1, 1999

REGIO

Women Activists between War and Peace, 2017

East Central Europe, 2019

The Women's Movement in Wartime, 2007

Women's Movements and Female Activists, 1918-1923

Women Editors in Europe, 2021

L' HOMME: ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR FEMINISTISCHE GESCHICHTSWISSENSCHAFT , Nov 11, 2018

Az érzelmek története. Hajnal István Kör 2017. évi konferenciája, Gyöngyös, 2017. aug. 31. - szept. 2.

A kollektív társadalmi cselekvések, ezek között a társadalmi mozgalmak történetének kutatásához a... more A kollektív társadalmi cselekvések, ezek között a társadalmi mozgalmak történetének kutatásához az érzelmek történeti vizsgálata új perspektívát kínál. Az érzelmek a társadalmi mozgalmak velejárói és meghatározói (Passionate Politics 2001, Emotions and Social Movements 2005): egyrészt egy adott kollektív fellépés kiinduló motivációja, hajtóereje és központi szervező elve gyakran a résztvevők által megélt társadalmi igazságtalanság keltette indulatra vezethető vissza, másrészt a mozgalmak és a közös céllal létrejövő csoportok belső kohéziójának elengedhetetlen elemének tekinthető a tagok közötti együttérzés, bajtársiság, barátság. A mozgalmak esetében az igazságtalanságot elszenvedőkkel való szolidaritás közösségteremtő érzelemmé válik, és az így kialakuló érzelmi közösségek tagjait közös értékek, közös érdekek, közös eszmeiség, valamint személyes kapcsolatok fűzik össze. Mindez pedig fontos szerepet játszik abban, amit a mozgalom a társadalmi nyilvánosság felé megjelenít (önmeghatározás, tevékenység).
Korábbi, elsősorban levéltári dokumentumokra (korabeli levelezésre) alapozott feminizmustörténeti kutatások kimutatták, hogy rendkívüli jelentősége volt a közös politikai értékek és célok mellett a baráti kötelékeknek a nagy nemzetközi nőszerveztek (Nemzetközi Női Választójogi Szövetség, Nők Nemzetközi Békeligája) hatékony működésében (Bosch – Kloosterman, eds. 1990). E szervezetek meghatározó egyéniségei közötti levelezések személyes jókapcsolatokról is árulkodnak, ami szintén hozzájárult a feminista mozgalmon belüli érzelmi közösség megszilárdításához, mint például Aletta Jacobs és Schwimmer Rózsa esetében. (Acsády – Mészáros 2015)
Előadásunkban az érzelmeknek a nőmozgalom szerveződésében és tevékenységében betöltött funkcióját az 1904-ben alapított Feministák Egyesületének budapesti irodája és tagszervezetei között zajló levelezésén keresztül tárjuk fel. Az érzelmek szerepének vizsgálatául esettanulmányként a balmazújvárosi Földmívelő Egylet Női Szabad Szervezete és a Feministák Egyesülete közötti több mint két évtizedes levelezést választottuk, amely jól példázza a szövegekben (mind retorikai mind tartalmi szinten) érvényesülő, az érzelmi közösséget szervező motívumokat, folyamatokat.

The Eleventh European Social Science History Conference (ESSHC), University of Valencia, 30 March - 2 April 2016

Feminist movements on the turn of the century are often seen as exclusively urban movements. Yet,... more Feminist movements on the turn of the century are often seen as exclusively urban movements. Yet, the re-examination of archive sources, correspondence and contemporary publications show that activist outside of capitals and cities were involved as well. The Budapest centred national organization, the Feminist Association (founded in 1904 as the Hungarian auxiliary of IWSA) had a large number of local groups and supporters all over the country including women from small towns and also peasant women from rural areas, as typical examples of organizations from below. History writing has neglected these scenes and these activists so far.

The paper aims to describe the ways of functioning, the motivations, the activities of the local groups, highlighting their connections with the main office of the organization in Budapest and also the direct or indirect links to the international level (for example Hungarian delegates of local rural feminist groups were present first ever at an IWSA congress in Amsterdam, 1908). At the same time the paper aims to reveal these in comparison with the way how the main office of the Feminist Network in Budapest was connected to the IWSA. How values fluctuated, how female empowerment and expressions of solidarity passed through these links and networks? What characterizes the strategies on the international, national and local levels? How were the activities harmonized? What significances personal relations had and how these personal connections influenced the movements? Beyond the comparative analysis the paper will also give so far not recognised examples of how local feminist activities were accepted by the local communities.

European Social Science History Conference (ESSHC), Vienna, 23 April - 26 April 2014

In 1913 the Association of Feminists in Budapest hosted the VII Congress of the International Suf... more In 1913 the Association of Feminists in Budapest hosted the VII Congress of the International Suffrage Alliance. After the VIth Congress the competition for hosting the event run between Vienna and Budapest. One of the reasons for appointing Budapest to hold the event was that that the work of the local movement was found outreaching by the international board. Also it was recognized that the Association of Feminists Budapest both has a remarkably rich and dense network of international relations and both has significant relations with local organizations, including the authorities, namely the City Council. This was an essential motive, as a great financial support was offerd by the Heads of the City for the Feminists to organize the International Congress.
The event became one of the most significant suffrege meetings of the pre-war Europe. It representated an enaourmous effort to construct an international discourse in addressing contemporary social issues. The agenda showed a great variety of issues understanding women’s suffrege not as an ultimate goal but means to achieve just society. (C. Chapman Catt). The event enjoyed great public interest. The number of participants exceeded 2000. Well-known personalities of the international suffrage movement joined the work of the Congress. The event received a huge media interest. Almost identically its significance is recognized regardless of the political standpoint of the journals. The first results of a larger project to map the reactions to the issues raised by the IWSA Congress in 1913 will be presented by the paper based on the close reading of the the primary sourse of the contemporary press: jornals both in Hungary, Austria, England and France. The examination of the different media representations enables us to reconstruct the reception of the IWSA Congress.

Judit ACSÁDY and Zsolt MÉSZÁROS