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Archaeological Reports by Kitti Porsztner
The preventive archaeological excavations carried out on the future express road from the point S... more The preventive archaeological excavations carried out on the future express road from the point Sit II – Şanțul Inginerilor, km. 3+850 – 3+950, Sântandrei, Bihor county included an area of 5570.58 m2, located on the first terrace of Crișul Repede river. At the end of the researches 50 archaeological features were discovered, belonging to the 7th-9th and 11th-13th centuries. The archaeological material recovered as a result of the excavations consists of fire installations, household pits of various shapes were discovered.
Following the archaeological research resumed in 2022, three layers were revealed, further noted ... more Following the archaeological research resumed in 2022, three layers were revealed, further noted after the previous archaeological research from 2015-2016. The first level (Cxt.39) consists of a brown soil mixed with small fragments of coal, over which wooden beams were placed. Below this level with wood impressions a more compact light yellowish leveling layer (Cxt.40) was discovered, after
which it was followed by a yellowish-brown floor (Cxt.41) with a large patch of white ash. The objective of the research in 2022 was to follow the possible changes of the ceramic material in the lower layers of the settlement. And secondly, to collect fragments of animal bones for radiocarbon analysis, to provide new chronological considerations related to the life of the Bronze Age communities in the Crișului Repede Valley.
Papers by Kitti Porsztner
Crisia, 2024
Following archaeological surveys conducted in 1954, 2015-2017, and 2022, systematic archaeologica... more Following archaeological surveys conducted in 1954, 2015-2017, and 2022, systematic archaeological research was initiated in 2023 at the Bronze Age tell and the medieval monastery of Sântion – Movila Mănăstirii/Kolostordomb. In the 2023 campaign, a new research unit, designated S 3, was established, and excavation activities were continued in the S 2 unit, which had been previously initiated in 2015 but not completed. In S 2, the current level of trampling is 3.42 meters below the present surface. A total of 45 main archaeological contexts were identified. The initial four contexts (Cxt. 1-4) are associated with the medieval monastery. The earliest Bronze Age level, which has remained undisturbed by subsequent modifications, is Cxt. 5, while the final context is Cxt. 44. The Bronze Age stratigraphic accumulations reach a depth of 2.62 meters (Fig. 4). The absolute dates are placed between 1892-1631 cal BC 2σ (95.4%), which corresponds to second period of the Otomani ceramic style.
In the 2023 archaeological campaign, the foundation of a two-room building with a west-east orientation was identified. This structure was part of the south wing of the monastery (Fig. 6). The building was equipped with approximately three or four rooms, each with a heating stove. Based on the thickness of the foundations, it is plausible that the structure had a second floor. After its dismantling, which occurred at some point during the mid-16th century, the area was leveled with a substantial layer of rubble, and rooms with brick floors were constructed (Fig. 5). The family monastery was constructed before 1215, as documented in written sources, and its existence persisted throughout the Middle Ages until its disappearance at the end of the 16th century. Previous observations indicating that the monastery underwent at least two major phases of construction in the area under investigation, and probably several other redevelopments, were confirmed.
Crisia, 2024
The present study is a short summary of the archaeological research conducted from February 5–16,... more The present study is a short summary of the archaeological research conducted from February 5–16, 2024, at the Casa Zmăului cave. As part of an investment project for the rehabilitation of the railroad, a long-awaited opportunity was provided to conduct the first archaeological excavation at this point. One of the most important trade routes, providing a direct connection between Transylvania and Pannonia, used to pass here. Nowadays only the ruins of a stone building (observation tower) are a reminder of the historical importance of the area. Medieval documents confirm that the customs port came into the possession of the clerics of Oradea at the end of the 11th century, and then it is mentioned several times in the second half of the 13th century, in connection with conflicts over the division and donation of feudal holdings.
The preventive archaeological excavations carried out on the future express road from the point S... more The preventive archaeological excavations carried out on the future express road from the point Sit II – Şanțul Inginerilor, km. 3+850 – 3+950, Sântandrei, Bihor county included an area of 5570.58 m2, located on the first terrace of Crișul Repede river. At the end of the researches 50 archaeological features were discovered, belonging to the 7th-9th and 11th-13th centuries. The archaeological material recovered as a result of the excavations consists of fire installations, household pits of various shapes were discovered.
Following the archaeological research resumed in 2022, three layers were revealed, further noted ... more Following the archaeological research resumed in 2022, three layers were revealed, further noted after the previous archaeological research from 2015-2016. The first level (Cxt.39) consists of a brown soil mixed with small fragments of coal, over which wooden beams were placed. Below this level with wood impressions a more compact light yellowish leveling layer (Cxt.40) was discovered, after
which it was followed by a yellowish-brown floor (Cxt.41) with a large patch of white ash. The objective of the research in 2022 was to follow the possible changes of the ceramic material in the lower layers of the settlement. And secondly, to collect fragments of animal bones for radiocarbon analysis, to provide new chronological considerations related to the life of the Bronze Age communities in the Crișului Repede Valley.
Crisia, 2024
Following archaeological surveys conducted in 1954, 2015-2017, and 2022, systematic archaeologica... more Following archaeological surveys conducted in 1954, 2015-2017, and 2022, systematic archaeological research was initiated in 2023 at the Bronze Age tell and the medieval monastery of Sântion – Movila Mănăstirii/Kolostordomb. In the 2023 campaign, a new research unit, designated S 3, was established, and excavation activities were continued in the S 2 unit, which had been previously initiated in 2015 but not completed. In S 2, the current level of trampling is 3.42 meters below the present surface. A total of 45 main archaeological contexts were identified. The initial four contexts (Cxt. 1-4) are associated with the medieval monastery. The earliest Bronze Age level, which has remained undisturbed by subsequent modifications, is Cxt. 5, while the final context is Cxt. 44. The Bronze Age stratigraphic accumulations reach a depth of 2.62 meters (Fig. 4). The absolute dates are placed between 1892-1631 cal BC 2σ (95.4%), which corresponds to second period of the Otomani ceramic style.
In the 2023 archaeological campaign, the foundation of a two-room building with a west-east orientation was identified. This structure was part of the south wing of the monastery (Fig. 6). The building was equipped with approximately three or four rooms, each with a heating stove. Based on the thickness of the foundations, it is plausible that the structure had a second floor. After its dismantling, which occurred at some point during the mid-16th century, the area was leveled with a substantial layer of rubble, and rooms with brick floors were constructed (Fig. 5). The family monastery was constructed before 1215, as documented in written sources, and its existence persisted throughout the Middle Ages until its disappearance at the end of the 16th century. Previous observations indicating that the monastery underwent at least two major phases of construction in the area under investigation, and probably several other redevelopments, were confirmed.
Crisia, 2024
The present study is a short summary of the archaeological research conducted from February 5–16,... more The present study is a short summary of the archaeological research conducted from February 5–16, 2024, at the Casa Zmăului cave. As part of an investment project for the rehabilitation of the railroad, a long-awaited opportunity was provided to conduct the first archaeological excavation at this point. One of the most important trade routes, providing a direct connection between Transylvania and Pannonia, used to pass here. Nowadays only the ruins of a stone building (observation tower) are a reminder of the historical importance of the area. Medieval documents confirm that the customs port came into the possession of the clerics of Oradea at the end of the 11th century, and then it is mentioned several times in the second half of the 13th century, in connection with conflicts over the division and donation of feudal holdings.