Muhammad Arsalan Jalees Abro - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Muhammad Arsalan Jalees Abro
NADIA, 2021
The Economic Load Dispatching Problem (ELDP) in power system's operational planning is of an imme... more The Economic Load Dispatching Problem (ELDP) in power system's operational planning is of an immense importance. The power generation must fulfillment parity and disparity constraints. In order to satisfy the economical operation of the power system, the generated power must meet the load demand with minimum losses because the cost of storing the generated electrical energy is very high. The input-output characteristic curves of the modern thermal generating units are equipped with turbines having multi-valves steam input have non-convexity nature, this results in ELDP. Though this problem is discussed significantly but mostly analyzed using different mathematical approaches by utilizing the Quadratic Cost Curves (QCC) but the fact remains that the actual ELDP is non-convex whereas the QCC is convex. The multi-valve steam input based thermal power plants produce ripple like heat rates, which cannot be properly signified using convex approach thus can result in high cost. In this work, ELDP is modeled using Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA)and convex and the non-convex economic dispatch problem has been investigated for Thermal Power Station (TPS) Jamshoro as a case study. The SYRAP (System Reservoir and Plants) software is used for economic operational loading of WAPDA power plants based on the incremental cost curves. The obtained results of TPS are validated with 6-machine IEEE standard test system with the simulation model for both nonconvex and convex economic dispatch. The obtained results confirm the minimum power generation cost by non-convex method as compared to convex approach.
NADIA, 2021
With the ever-growing urbanization and commercialization, the country like Pakistan is facing gig... more With the ever-growing urbanization and commercialization, the country like Pakistan is facing gigantic energy crises specially in form electricity shortage and large load scheduling which results in large power outages. These outages affect the efficiency of the loads and appliances which ultimatively damage the loads or appliances when the outages are frequent. The Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is one of the potential solutions to resolve this issue. It effectively provides the continuous supply of electricity to the load by switching from one source to another. The aim of this research is to design and create a prototype model of ATS which would allow the supply of electricity to the load without any disruptions. The supply is switched by ATS from direct supply to the power generated using different sources such as generator or batteries (Solar-charged or Standby). This switching is achieved through the interfacing and different components like electromagnetic contactors, relays, microcontrollers, voltage sensing circuits etc. The proposed ATS system provides a safe and efficient method of switching supply from the power lines to a generator directly without the use of a separate medium. In switching made, the load is isolated from the power lines which keeps it secure from fluctuations and power surge. The proposed technique allows the load to be kept under workable operating conditions at all means which in return becomes an economical factor. The applications of ATS are more effective in commercial application (i.e., industries, production lines, businesses and shops) as these industries rely upon the rate of production and there is no margin for a delay and they are equipped with more sensitive equipment as compare to domestic applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE-THE NEW ARCH-, Jul 20, 2021
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grou... more The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human’s interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human’s support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
Journal of Applied Engineering & Technology, 2022
Vehicle Vibration is a major issue in automobile industry which hinders the stability of the vehi... more Vehicle Vibration is a major issue in automobile industry which hinders the stability of the vehicle and also adds to the discomfort levels of the passengers. The proposed work models a suspension prediction system using a combination of both Neural Network and Grey Neural Network for more efficient predictions. The research was divided into three stages. First stage is to develop a hardware to acquire the vibrational acceleration data of the test vehicle at different suspension types and road types. The data acquired was then used to train the designed neural model which was the stage two of the project. The final stage consisted of testing the
prediction model by acquiring dynamic data with unknown parameters including the road type and the suspension tune settings. The research is effectively efficient to predict suspension tune settings for a vehicle traveling on dynamic road conditions with very little mean absolute
percentage error. The training, learning, and the testing of the prediction model was done on a real-time system. The real-time vibration prediction model allows easy suspension tunings and improved drive experience for both the driver and the passenger. The incorporation of machine
learning allows the reduction of MAPE thus, producing highly efficient results.
NEW ARCH-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE, Jul 20, 2021
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grou... more The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human’s interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human’s support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias, 2021
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grou... more The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human's interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human's support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
The Economic Load Dispatching Problem (ELDP) in power system's operational planning is of an imme... more The Economic Load Dispatching Problem (ELDP) in power system's operational planning is of an immense importance. The power generation must fulfillment parity and disparity constraints. In order to satisfy the economical operation of the power system, the generated power must meet the load demand with minimum losses because the cost of storing the generated electrical energy is very high. The input-output characteristic curves of the modern thermal generating units are equipped with turbines having multi-valves steam input have non-convexity nature, this results in ELDP. Though this problem is discussed significantly but mostly analyzed using different mathematical approaches by utilizing the Quadratic Cost Curves (QCC) but the fact remains that the actual ELDP is non-convex whereas the QCC is convex. The multi-valve steam input based thermal power plants produce ripple like heat rates, which cannot be properly signified using convex approach thus can result in high cost. In this work, ELDP is modeled using Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA)and convex and the non-convex economic dispatch problem has been investigated for Thermal Power Station (TPS) Jamshoro as a case study. The SYRAP (System Reservoir and Plants) software is used for economic operational loading of WAPDA power plants based on the incremental cost curves. The obtained results of TPS are validated with 6-machine IEEE standard test system with the simulation model for both nonconvex and convex economic dispatch. The obtained results confirm the minimum power generation cost by non-convex method as compared to convex approach.
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grou... more The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human’s interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human’s support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grou... more The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human’s interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human’s support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
With the ever-growing urbanization and commercialization, the country like Pakistan is facing gig... more With the ever-growing urbanization and commercialization, the country like Pakistan is facing gigantic energy crises specially in form electricity shortage and large load scheduling which results in large power outages. These outages affect the efficiency of the loads and appliances which ultimatively damage the loads or appliances when the outages are frequent. The Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is one of the potential solutions to resolve this issue. It effectively provides the continuous supply of electricity to the load by switching from one source to another. The aim of this research is to design and create a prototype model of ATS which would allow the supply of electricity to the load without any disruptions. The supply is switched by ATS from direct supply to the power generated using different sources such as generator or batteries (Solar-charged or Standby). This switching is achieved through the interfacing and different components like electromagnetic contactors, relays, microcontrollers, voltage sensing circuits etc. The proposed ATS system provides a safe and efficient method of switching supply from the power lines to a generator directly without the use of a separate medium. In switching made, the load is isolated from the power lines which keeps it secure from fluctuations and power surge. The proposed technique allows the load to be kept under workable operating conditions at all means which in return becomes an economical factor. The applications of ATS are more effective in commercial application (i.e., industries, production lines, businesses and shops) as these industries rely upon the rate of production and there is no margin for a delay and they are equipped with more sensitive equipment as compare to domestic applications.
3C Tecnología_Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme
For the intake of air fuel mixture and exhaust of gases camshaft operated valves are mounted on t... more For the intake of air fuel mixture and exhaust of gases camshaft operated valves are mounted on the cylinder head. In this paper, we have proposed a novel physical model of a shutter valve to replace the traditional camshaft operated valve resulting in a camless four-stroke engine. The lift control for the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves are monitored traditionally by a camshaft which is a mechanical component having a fixed shape. A camless engine replaces the camshaft by allowing the control of valves through the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The already developed valves have limitations in terms of lift, life expectancy or higher costs. This research work proposes a novel shutter valve design instead of a poppet valve for intake and exhaust of fourstroke engines. These valves are then operated directly by an ECU and controlled through pulse width modulation. The proposed variation in shutter valve design optimally adjusts and controls the fuel intake amount and the flow of exhaust gases in and out of the cylinder respectively. The opening of the valve can be set to maximum or at the desired angle so that the engine can run according to the driver's requirement. The novel design of the shutter valve will reduce the engine cost and will improve the fuel economy. At the same time, providing complete control to the driver's performance preferences.
Indian Journal of Science and Technology
For the intake of air fuel mixture and exhaust of gases camshaft operated valves are mounted on t... more For the intake of air fuel mixture and exhaust of gases camshaft operated valves are mounted on the cylinder head. In this paper, we have proposed a novel physical model of a shutter valve to replace the traditional camshaft operated valve resulting in a camless four-stroke engine. The lift control for the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves are monitored traditionally by a camshaft which is a mechanical component having a fixed shape. A camless engine replaces the camshaft by allowing the control of valves through the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The already developed valves have limitations in terms of lift, life expectancy or higher costs. This research work proposes a novel shutter valve design instead of a poppet valve for intake and exhaust of fourstroke engines. These valves are then operated directly by an ECU and controlled through pulse width modulation. The proposed variation in shutter valve design optimally adjusts and controls the fuel intake amount and the flow of exhaust gases in and out of the cylinder respectively. The opening of the valve can be set to maximum or at the desired angle so that the engine can run according to the driver's requirement. The novel design of the shutter valve will reduce the engine cost and will improve the fuel economy. At the same time, providing complete control to the driver's performance preferences.
Objectives: Recently in the gaming industry, multiple games for different consoles and machines a... more Objectives: Recently in the gaming industry, multiple games for different consoles and machines are being introduced and their sole focus is to bring the player closer to its avatar. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In the past, such avatar was achieved through the motion detection cameras such as Kinect by Microsoft and the introduction of virtual reality in
games. Even with all these, the games are still not well connected with the players because the player do not feel the outcomes of the game in a way that if player’s character gets hurt, simultaneously the player should also physically experience the action. Findings: This research is based upon the use of Kinect as an input device which will detect the player and
record its movements in the game developed through Unity 3D. The game developed is based upon boxing. There are two characters controlled by two players and the concept is that when a player’s character gets punched, the player also gets a feel through vibration motors attached to the player’s suit. Application/Improvements: This virtual gaming suit will ensure that a gaming player must be the part of the game and will feel the action and sensation of the game in real time.
Thesis Chapters by Muhammad Arsalan Jalees Abro
Masters of Engineering, 2020
Since the launch of automobile, the focus has been on the improvements in the performance of the ... more Since the launch of automobile, the focus has been on the improvements in the performance of the vehicle. The well-known camshaft based engines have proven their worth in the automobile industry but scope of improvement is still possible. One particular technique which improves the power drive of a vehicle is to adapt the camless technology. The camless engines allow the removal of camshaft and other mechanical components making the overall engine design much lighter and compact in size and the valves in the cylinder head are operated and controlled through electronic switching. These predecessor engines used poppet valves which did produce prominent results over the years but when it comes to the successor camless engines, the poppet valves are not the best option of technology to incorporate. These valves limit in terms of lift profiles, operational ranges at defined RPMs, have plenty of bulky components, have seating issues and etc. These limiting factors limit the operation of camless engines to lower RPM values. This research work focuses to reduce the limitations of the camless engines due to poppet valves by introducing the shutter valve and modelling it for the control of both the intake and exhaust shutter valves in the light of the different devised cases. The modelled valves allow the operation in efficient conditions for better fuel average and power output of the vehicle, which was investigated and analyzed by two case studies. The first case is focused towards the efficiency of the intake shutter valve model and it was proven by conducting a series of simulations through MATLAB. The produced graphs resulted in an ideal intake shutter valve opening percentage based on the desired fuel average and torque output requirements. The adjustment of the opening is in the hands of the driver and the type of drive requirements. In second case study, Dyno runs were performed over varied tire load using a same engine. The reduction in the dimensions and the weight of the tires resulted in an increase in the horse power of the vehicle according to the weight power ratio of the vehicle. These case studies and the proposed Shutter Valve model design will bring a revolution in Automobile industry in terms of fuel efficiency and optimal utilization of engine output power.
NADIA, 2021
The Economic Load Dispatching Problem (ELDP) in power system's operational planning is of an imme... more The Economic Load Dispatching Problem (ELDP) in power system's operational planning is of an immense importance. The power generation must fulfillment parity and disparity constraints. In order to satisfy the economical operation of the power system, the generated power must meet the load demand with minimum losses because the cost of storing the generated electrical energy is very high. The input-output characteristic curves of the modern thermal generating units are equipped with turbines having multi-valves steam input have non-convexity nature, this results in ELDP. Though this problem is discussed significantly but mostly analyzed using different mathematical approaches by utilizing the Quadratic Cost Curves (QCC) but the fact remains that the actual ELDP is non-convex whereas the QCC is convex. The multi-valve steam input based thermal power plants produce ripple like heat rates, which cannot be properly signified using convex approach thus can result in high cost. In this work, ELDP is modeled using Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA)and convex and the non-convex economic dispatch problem has been investigated for Thermal Power Station (TPS) Jamshoro as a case study. The SYRAP (System Reservoir and Plants) software is used for economic operational loading of WAPDA power plants based on the incremental cost curves. The obtained results of TPS are validated with 6-machine IEEE standard test system with the simulation model for both nonconvex and convex economic dispatch. The obtained results confirm the minimum power generation cost by non-convex method as compared to convex approach.
NADIA, 2021
With the ever-growing urbanization and commercialization, the country like Pakistan is facing gig... more With the ever-growing urbanization and commercialization, the country like Pakistan is facing gigantic energy crises specially in form electricity shortage and large load scheduling which results in large power outages. These outages affect the efficiency of the loads and appliances which ultimatively damage the loads or appliances when the outages are frequent. The Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is one of the potential solutions to resolve this issue. It effectively provides the continuous supply of electricity to the load by switching from one source to another. The aim of this research is to design and create a prototype model of ATS which would allow the supply of electricity to the load without any disruptions. The supply is switched by ATS from direct supply to the power generated using different sources such as generator or batteries (Solar-charged or Standby). This switching is achieved through the interfacing and different components like electromagnetic contactors, relays, microcontrollers, voltage sensing circuits etc. The proposed ATS system provides a safe and efficient method of switching supply from the power lines to a generator directly without the use of a separate medium. In switching made, the load is isolated from the power lines which keeps it secure from fluctuations and power surge. The proposed technique allows the load to be kept under workable operating conditions at all means which in return becomes an economical factor. The applications of ATS are more effective in commercial application (i.e., industries, production lines, businesses and shops) as these industries rely upon the rate of production and there is no margin for a delay and they are equipped with more sensitive equipment as compare to domestic applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE-THE NEW ARCH-, Jul 20, 2021
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grou... more The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human’s interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human’s support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
Journal of Applied Engineering & Technology, 2022
Vehicle Vibration is a major issue in automobile industry which hinders the stability of the vehi... more Vehicle Vibration is a major issue in automobile industry which hinders the stability of the vehicle and also adds to the discomfort levels of the passengers. The proposed work models a suspension prediction system using a combination of both Neural Network and Grey Neural Network for more efficient predictions. The research was divided into three stages. First stage is to develop a hardware to acquire the vibrational acceleration data of the test vehicle at different suspension types and road types. The data acquired was then used to train the designed neural model which was the stage two of the project. The final stage consisted of testing the
prediction model by acquiring dynamic data with unknown parameters including the road type and the suspension tune settings. The research is effectively efficient to predict suspension tune settings for a vehicle traveling on dynamic road conditions with very little mean absolute
percentage error. The training, learning, and the testing of the prediction model was done on a real-time system. The real-time vibration prediction model allows easy suspension tunings and improved drive experience for both the driver and the passenger. The incorporation of machine
learning allows the reduction of MAPE thus, producing highly efficient results.
NEW ARCH-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE, Jul 20, 2021
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grou... more The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human’s interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human’s support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias, 2021
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grou... more The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human's interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human's support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
The Economic Load Dispatching Problem (ELDP) in power system's operational planning is of an imme... more The Economic Load Dispatching Problem (ELDP) in power system's operational planning is of an immense importance. The power generation must fulfillment parity and disparity constraints. In order to satisfy the economical operation of the power system, the generated power must meet the load demand with minimum losses because the cost of storing the generated electrical energy is very high. The input-output characteristic curves of the modern thermal generating units are equipped with turbines having multi-valves steam input have non-convexity nature, this results in ELDP. Though this problem is discussed significantly but mostly analyzed using different mathematical approaches by utilizing the Quadratic Cost Curves (QCC) but the fact remains that the actual ELDP is non-convex whereas the QCC is convex. The multi-valve steam input based thermal power plants produce ripple like heat rates, which cannot be properly signified using convex approach thus can result in high cost. In this work, ELDP is modeled using Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA)and convex and the non-convex economic dispatch problem has been investigated for Thermal Power Station (TPS) Jamshoro as a case study. The SYRAP (System Reservoir and Plants) software is used for economic operational loading of WAPDA power plants based on the incremental cost curves. The obtained results of TPS are validated with 6-machine IEEE standard test system with the simulation model for both nonconvex and convex economic dispatch. The obtained results confirm the minimum power generation cost by non-convex method as compared to convex approach.
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grou... more The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human’s interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human’s support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grou... more The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human’s interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human’s support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
With the ever-growing urbanization and commercialization, the country like Pakistan is facing gig... more With the ever-growing urbanization and commercialization, the country like Pakistan is facing gigantic energy crises specially in form electricity shortage and large load scheduling which results in large power outages. These outages affect the efficiency of the loads and appliances which ultimatively damage the loads or appliances when the outages are frequent. The Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is one of the potential solutions to resolve this issue. It effectively provides the continuous supply of electricity to the load by switching from one source to another. The aim of this research is to design and create a prototype model of ATS which would allow the supply of electricity to the load without any disruptions. The supply is switched by ATS from direct supply to the power generated using different sources such as generator or batteries (Solar-charged or Standby). This switching is achieved through the interfacing and different components like electromagnetic contactors, relays, microcontrollers, voltage sensing circuits etc. The proposed ATS system provides a safe and efficient method of switching supply from the power lines to a generator directly without the use of a separate medium. In switching made, the load is isolated from the power lines which keeps it secure from fluctuations and power surge. The proposed technique allows the load to be kept under workable operating conditions at all means which in return becomes an economical factor. The applications of ATS are more effective in commercial application (i.e., industries, production lines, businesses and shops) as these industries rely upon the rate of production and there is no margin for a delay and they are equipped with more sensitive equipment as compare to domestic applications.
3C Tecnología_Glosas de innovación aplicadas a la pyme
For the intake of air fuel mixture and exhaust of gases camshaft operated valves are mounted on t... more For the intake of air fuel mixture and exhaust of gases camshaft operated valves are mounted on the cylinder head. In this paper, we have proposed a novel physical model of a shutter valve to replace the traditional camshaft operated valve resulting in a camless four-stroke engine. The lift control for the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves are monitored traditionally by a camshaft which is a mechanical component having a fixed shape. A camless engine replaces the camshaft by allowing the control of valves through the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The already developed valves have limitations in terms of lift, life expectancy or higher costs. This research work proposes a novel shutter valve design instead of a poppet valve for intake and exhaust of fourstroke engines. These valves are then operated directly by an ECU and controlled through pulse width modulation. The proposed variation in shutter valve design optimally adjusts and controls the fuel intake amount and the flow of exhaust gases in and out of the cylinder respectively. The opening of the valve can be set to maximum or at the desired angle so that the engine can run according to the driver's requirement. The novel design of the shutter valve will reduce the engine cost and will improve the fuel economy. At the same time, providing complete control to the driver's performance preferences.
Indian Journal of Science and Technology
For the intake of air fuel mixture and exhaust of gases camshaft operated valves are mounted on t... more For the intake of air fuel mixture and exhaust of gases camshaft operated valves are mounted on the cylinder head. In this paper, we have proposed a novel physical model of a shutter valve to replace the traditional camshaft operated valve resulting in a camless four-stroke engine. The lift control for the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves are monitored traditionally by a camshaft which is a mechanical component having a fixed shape. A camless engine replaces the camshaft by allowing the control of valves through the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The already developed valves have limitations in terms of lift, life expectancy or higher costs. This research work proposes a novel shutter valve design instead of a poppet valve for intake and exhaust of fourstroke engines. These valves are then operated directly by an ECU and controlled through pulse width modulation. The proposed variation in shutter valve design optimally adjusts and controls the fuel intake amount and the flow of exhaust gases in and out of the cylinder respectively. The opening of the valve can be set to maximum or at the desired angle so that the engine can run according to the driver's requirement. The novel design of the shutter valve will reduce the engine cost and will improve the fuel economy. At the same time, providing complete control to the driver's performance preferences.
Objectives: Recently in the gaming industry, multiple games for different consoles and machines a... more Objectives: Recently in the gaming industry, multiple games for different consoles and machines are being introduced and their sole focus is to bring the player closer to its avatar. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In the past, such avatar was achieved through the motion detection cameras such as Kinect by Microsoft and the introduction of virtual reality in
games. Even with all these, the games are still not well connected with the players because the player do not feel the outcomes of the game in a way that if player’s character gets hurt, simultaneously the player should also physically experience the action. Findings: This research is based upon the use of Kinect as an input device which will detect the player and
record its movements in the game developed through Unity 3D. The game developed is based upon boxing. There are two characters controlled by two players and the concept is that when a player’s character gets punched, the player also gets a feel through vibration motors attached to the player’s suit. Application/Improvements: This virtual gaming suit will ensure that a gaming player must be the part of the game and will feel the action and sensation of the game in real time.
Masters of Engineering, 2020
Since the launch of automobile, the focus has been on the improvements in the performance of the ... more Since the launch of automobile, the focus has been on the improvements in the performance of the vehicle. The well-known camshaft based engines have proven their worth in the automobile industry but scope of improvement is still possible. One particular technique which improves the power drive of a vehicle is to adapt the camless technology. The camless engines allow the removal of camshaft and other mechanical components making the overall engine design much lighter and compact in size and the valves in the cylinder head are operated and controlled through electronic switching. These predecessor engines used poppet valves which did produce prominent results over the years but when it comes to the successor camless engines, the poppet valves are not the best option of technology to incorporate. These valves limit in terms of lift profiles, operational ranges at defined RPMs, have plenty of bulky components, have seating issues and etc. These limiting factors limit the operation of camless engines to lower RPM values. This research work focuses to reduce the limitations of the camless engines due to poppet valves by introducing the shutter valve and modelling it for the control of both the intake and exhaust shutter valves in the light of the different devised cases. The modelled valves allow the operation in efficient conditions for better fuel average and power output of the vehicle, which was investigated and analyzed by two case studies. The first case is focused towards the efficiency of the intake shutter valve model and it was proven by conducting a series of simulations through MATLAB. The produced graphs resulted in an ideal intake shutter valve opening percentage based on the desired fuel average and torque output requirements. The adjustment of the opening is in the hands of the driver and the type of drive requirements. In second case study, Dyno runs were performed over varied tire load using a same engine. The reduction in the dimensions and the weight of the tires resulted in an increase in the horse power of the vehicle according to the weight power ratio of the vehicle. These case studies and the proposed Shutter Valve model design will bring a revolution in Automobile industry in terms of fuel efficiency and optimal utilization of engine output power.