Dr. Permanand Soothar | Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Permanand Soothar

IIETA, 2021

Objection detection has long been a fundamental issue in computer vision. Despite being widely st... more Objection detection has long been a fundamental issue in computer vision. Despite being widely studied, it remains a challenging task in the current body of knowledge. Many researchers are eager to develop a more robust and efficient mechanism for object detection. In the extant literature, promising results are achieved by many novel approaches of object detection and classification. However, there is ample room to further enhance the detection efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes an image object detection and classification, using a deep neural network (DNN) for based on high-quality object locations. The proposed method firstly derives high-quality class-independent object proposals (locations) through computing multiple hierarchical segments with super pixels. Next, the proposals were ranked by region score, i.e., several contours wholly enclosed in the proposed region. After that, the top-ranking object proposal was adopted for post-classification by the DNN. During the post-classification, the network extracts the eigenvectors from the proposals, and then maps the features with the softmax classifier, thereby determining the class of each object. The proposed method was found superior to traditional approaches through an evaluation on Pascal VOC 2007 Dataset.

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 2019

This paper presents a compact broadband antenna for civil and military wireless communication app... more This paper presents a compact broadband antenna for civil and military wireless communication applications. Two prototypes of the antenna are designed and simulated. The proposed antenna is etched on low cost substrate material with compact electrical dimensions of 0.207λ×0.127λ×0.0094λmm 3 at 2GHz frequency. The simple microstrip feeding technique and antenna dimensions are involved in the design to attain the proper impedance matching. An optimization of variables is carried out by multiple rigorous simulations. The designed antennas have achieved the broadband impedance bandwidth of 89.3% and 100% at 10dB return loss. The antennas exhibit omni directional radiation pattern at lower resonances and strong surface current distribution across the radiator. The peak realized gain of 5.2dBi at 10.9GHz resonant frequency is realized. Results reveal that the proposed broadband antenna is a better choice for WiMAX, UWB, land, naval and airborne radar applications.

Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society and River Publisher, 2021

This paper presents a new compact, high gain and multiband planar bowtie slot antenna. The antenn... more This paper presents a new compact, high gain and multiband planar bowtie slot antenna. The antenna structure comprises of dielectric substrate, copper conducting sheet, fillet triangular-shaped slots, and a chamfered metallic ground plane. The proposed antenna model is fed with the 50 Ω standard grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) feedline. The designed antenna is low profile with compact dimensions of 0.379λ×0.186λ×0.012λ at 2.39 GHz frequency. Stable multi-resonant behavior of frequencies is obtained with the material selection, slots dimensions and position. Moreover, the parametric study has been carried out in order to validate the frequency tuning mechanism and impedance matching control. The novelty of designed antenna lies in high performance features which have been achieved with ultra-compact (0.039λ×0.022λ) modified triangular shaped metallic ground plane. The proposed antenna is fabricated and experimentally verified. The antenna key features in terms of return loss, surface current distribution, peak gain, radiation efficiency and radiation patterns have been analyzed and discussed. The designed radiator exhibits the excellent performance including strong current density, peak realized gain of 6.3 dBi, 95% radiation efficiency, wide fractional bandwidth of 39.5% and good radiation characteristics at in-band frequencies. The simulation and measured results are in good agreement and hence make the proposed antenna a favorable candidate for the advanced heterogeneous wireless communication applications.

AIMS Press, 2022

This paper investigates and develops a novel compact broadband and radiation efficient antenna de... more This paper investigates and develops a novel compact broadband and radiation efficient antenna design for the medical internet of things (M-IoT) healthcare system. The proposed antenna comprises of an umbrella-shaped metallic ground plane (UsMGP) and an improved radiator. A hybrid approach is employed to obtain the optimal results of antenna. The proposed solution is primarily based on the utilization of etching slots and a loaded stub on the ground plane and rectangular patch. The antenna consists of a simple rectangular patch, a 50 Ω microstrip feed line, and a portion of the ground plane printed on a relatively inexpensive flame retardant material (FR4) thick substrate with an overall compact dimension of 22 × 28 × 1.5 mm 3. The proposed antenna offers compact, broadband and radiation efficient features. The antenna is carefully designed by employing the approximate calculation formulae extracted from the transmission line model. Besides, the parameters study of important variables involved in the antenna design and its influence on impedance matching performance are analyzed. The antenna shows high performance, including

Micromachines, MDPI, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

IEEE, 2019

In this communication, a low profile 4 × 8 air cavity-fed circularly polarized (CP) planar antenn... more In this communication, a low profile 4 × 8 air cavity-fed circularly polarized (CP) planar antenna array with high performance for W-band is proposed. This antenna array is composed of two parts: low-loss gap waveguide (GWG) feeding network and high performance magneto-electric (ME) dipole antennas. The antenna elements are fed by the transverse coupling slots right above an air-filled high-mode cavity with checkerboard structure. Moreover, a four-way ridge GWG (RGWG) power divider with transition from RGWG to groove GWG (GGWG) is designed to excite the high-mode cavity. By properly arranging the position and size of coupling slots, each ME dipoles are excited with in-phase property. Periodic pins are arranged around both the GWG transmission line and the air cavity to create a stop band and resonant frequency. The high-mode air cavity is realized using shorted pins to split the electromagnetic field into shorted-end GGWG. Thus, the normal GWG feeding technology with a GWG power divider and a 2 × 2 air cavity in different layers are combined in a single layer. The transmission loss and substrate loss of this metallic single-layer feeding network are reduced, as well as the array profile. Each CP ME dipole antenna is etched on the printed circuit board (PCB) with stable radiation pattern and wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth performance. The proposed 4 × 8 planar antenna array is simulated and fabricated to validate the design. A measured 3 dB AR bandwidth of 17% and a gain of up to 23 dBi have been achieved. The impedance matching is lower than −10 dB over the frequency band with an overall boresight gain of above 19 dBi.

Springer Link, 2020

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Bu... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to selfarchive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 2020

In this paper, a planar travelling wave tapered slot antenna with compact size is proposed for wi... more In this paper, a planar travelling wave tapered slot antenna with compact size is proposed for wireless communication applications. The prototype of antenna is developed on Roger RT/Duroid 5880 laminate with tan δ = 0.0009, a relative permittivity of 2.2 while working in the range of 6GHz-21GHz. The simple feeding technique transits with radial cavity and the opening taper profile. The antenna dimensions of the antenna have been designed in such a manner so as to enable impedance matching. The parametric study of the variables is carried out by various scrupulous simulations. The designed characteristic antenna has achieved an impedance bandwidth in the broadband spectrum of 111.11% at the minimum 10-dB return loss and peak realized gain of 7dBi is obtained for a resonant frequency of 19.6GHz. The simulated results are in good agreement with experimental results and hence make the antenna suitable for H (6-8 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), Ku (12-18 GHz) and K (18-26 GHz) and future wireless communication applications.

IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 2022

In this paper, a high gain, broadband planar vivaldi antenna (PVA) by utilizing a broadband strip... more In this paper, a high gain, broadband planar vivaldi antenna (PVA) by utilizing a broadband stripline feed is developed for wireless communication for IoT systems. The suggested antenna is designed by attaching a tapered-slot construction to a typical vivaldi antenna, which improves the antenna's radiation properties. The PVA is constructed on a low-cost FR4 substrate. The dimensions of the patch are 1.886λ0×1.42λ0×0.026λ0, dielectric constant Ɛr=4.4, and loss tangent δ=0.02. The width of the feed line is reduced to improve the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The computed reflection coefficient findings show that the suggested antenna has a 46.2% wider relative bandwidth calculated at a 10 dB return loss. At the resonance frequencies of 6.5 GHz, the studied results show an optimal gain of 5.82 dBi and 85% optimal radiation efficiency at the operable band. The optometric analysis of the proposed structure shows that the proposed antenna can achieve wide enough bandwidth at the desired frequency and hence make the designed antenna appropriate to work in satellite communication and medical internet of things (M-IoT) healthcare applications.

Wiley Online Library, 2021

is paper presents a new miniaturized planar Vivaldi antenna (PVA) design. e proposed antenna stru... more is paper presents a new miniaturized planar Vivaldi antenna (PVA) design. e proposed antenna structure consists of an aperture tapered profile and cavity stub fed with a simple 50 Ω strip line feeding network. e designed PVA offers versatile advantages, including the miniaturized size and simple design, and exhibited an outstanding performance compared to the latest reported literature. e antenna occupies a minimal space with an electrical size of 0.92λ 0 × 0.64λ 0 × 0.03λ 0. e antenna achieves an excellent relative impedance bandwidth 117.25% at 10 dB return loss, peak realized gain of 10.9 dBi, and an excellent radiation efficiency of 95% at the specific resonances. e antenna's optimal features, that is, broadband, high gain, and radiation efficiency, are achieved with efficient grooves based approach. Besides, the proposed antenna results are also analyzed in the time domain, which shows the excellent group delay performance <2 ns in the operational band. e proposed antenna exhibited a stable farfield radiation pattern in orthogonal planes and strong distribution of current at multiple resonances. Simulation and the measured result show a good agreement. e proposed antenna has achieved optimal performance and is suitable for future wireless communication applications.

Springer Link, 2021

A broadband high gain Tapered slot antenna array for under water communication is presented in th... more A broadband high gain Tapered slot antenna array for under water communication is presented in this paper. The procedure to design the unit element antenna is followed by applying a linear tapered array-slot structure to the conventional Vivaldi antenna; hence the bandwidth, gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna are improved. The proposed antenna array is designed on the low-cost FR4 epoxy substrate material with value of dielectric constant r = 4.4 , and loss tangent = 0.02. The reduction of the feed line width and location adjustment is used to expand the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna. Moreover, the single antenna element is expanded to 1 × 2 , 1 × 4 and 2 × 4 to form an antenna array respectively. The dimensions of the developed array antenna are satisfying the proper impedance matching. The simulated reflection coefficient results confirm that the proposed antenna array achieves an impedance bandwidth of above 55% obtained at 10 dB return loss, the peak realized gain of 10.75 dBi and radiation efficiency of more than 90%. The measured results show a good agreement and hence making the designed antenna array appropriate to work in the underwater communication band.

Micromachines, MDPI, 2023

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Conference Presentations by Dr. Permanand Soothar

IEEE, 2022

To restrict unauthorized access to the data of the website. Most of the web-based systems nowaday... more To restrict unauthorized access to the data of the website. Most of the web-based systems nowadays require users to verify themselves before accessing the website`is authentic information. In terms of security, it is very important to take different security measures for the protection of the authentic data of the website. However, most of the authentication systems which are used on the web today have several security flaws. This document is based on the security of the previous schemes. Compared to the previous approaches, this "spoofed proof stateless session model" method offers superior security assurance in a scenario in which an attacker has unauthorized access to the data of the website. The various protocol models are being developed and implemented on the web to analyze the performance. The aim was to secure the authentic database backups of the website and prevent them from SQL injection attacks by using the read-only properties for the database. This limits potential harm and provides users with reasonable security safeguards when an attacker has an unauthorized read-only access to the website's authentic database. This scheme provides robustness to the disclosure of authentic databases. Proven experimental results show the overheads due to the modified authentication method and the insecure model.

IEEE, 2022

This paper designs, simulates and investigates a compact multiband bow-tie slot antenna (BTSA) fo... more This paper designs, simulates and investigates a compact multiband bow-tie slot antenna (BTSA) for an internet of things smart healthcare (IoT-SH) wireless communication applications. The intended antenna prototype is simple in design and aimed to achieve the multiband response at specific microwave frequencies. The five distinct frequency bands were achieved by selecting an appropriate laminate material and dimensions / positions of the rectangular / triangular slots etched out from the metal conducting sheet. The designed antenna has the compact dimensions of 3.0 × 6.0 cm 2 and fed with an standard 50 Ω coplanar waveguide (CPW) feedline. A flame retardant (FR4) epoxy substrate material is used in the antenna design model with constant values of dielectric loss tangent δ = 0.02 and relative permittivity ε r = 4.4. Moreover, multiple frequency tuning and impedance matching performance were analyzed by varying the dimensions / position of CPW feedline. The key performance features of the proposed antenna such as impedance bandwidth, return loss, VSWR, surface current distribution and radiation patterns across the standard planes are analyzed and discussed. The group delay performance parameter is also provided in order to validate the proposed antenna results in time domain which has proven the overall baseline < 2.5 nano seconds at the specific resonances. Finally, the simulation results have been carefully analyzed, presented and their comparison with the recent reported literature is provided. The proposed antenna exhibited the promising results and suitable for IoT-SH wireless communication applications.

IEEE, 2019

A compact and high gain multiband planar bow-tie slot antenna with coplanar waveguide fed for dif... more A compact and high gain multiband planar bow-tie slot antenna with coplanar waveguide fed for different wireless communication applications is proposed in this paper. The multiple resonances are obtained by selecting the particular substrate material and dimensions of the slots cut above the metallic ground plane. The designed prototype of an antenna exhibits the peak realized gain of 8.2dBi at 14.2 GHz resonant frequency. The proposed antenna has five operating bands, which are suitable for WLAN, H-band, X-band, Ku-band applications.

IEEE, 2019

In this paper, a planar bow-tie slot antenna with coplanar waveguide fed for tri-band i.e. WIMAX,... more In this paper, a planar bow-tie slot antenna with coplanar waveguide fed for tri-band i.e. WIMAX, C and X band wireless communication applications is proposed. This antenna has been designed to meet the prerequisite of multiple resonant frequencies by setting up the proper dimensions of the bow-tie arm slots and feed line cutout slots. The dimensions corresponds to the tri-band resonant frequencies, are obtained by engraving slots of distinct length and width above the ground plane. The antenna is fed by 50Ω coplanar waveguide feed line. Physical size of the proposed antenna is 30×60 mm 2 designed on thick substrate. The copper cladding ArlonCuClad217(tm) woven fiberglass laminate material with dielectric loss tangent 0.0009 and relative permittivity 2.17 is used. The gain, impedance bandwidths, return loss, and VSWR of proposed antenna has been analyzed and discussed. Moreover, the extensive parametric study has been carried out with the dimensions of feed line cutout. The simulation results have shown that the designed prototype of an antenna exhibits the peak realized gain of 6.9dBi and average gain of 2.3dBi.The proposed antenna has three operating bands, which are suitable for WIMAX, C-band and X-band applications.

IEEE, 2019

In this paper, a two-layered Vivaldi antenna covering the X-band is designed to meet the requirem... more In this paper, a two-layered Vivaldi antenna covering the X-band is designed to meet the requirement of wide-angle beam scanning phased arrays. The metallized vias positioned at the edge of the slot line effectively remove resonances over the operating band of the antenna unit. The 5×8 array is designed, and the array element is arranged in a triangular position, which reduces the number of array elements and channels without sacrificing the array performance. The electrical performance of center unit of the array is measured. The measured results show that over the frequency of X band the VSWR is lower than 2, the two-dimensional beamwidth is larger than 100°, the realized gain at low-frequency is 3.17dB, and the high-frequency is 6.58dB. The antennas in this paper are integrated. In the process of large array assembly, gaps between the subarray will inevitably occur between adjacent PCB boards, and the influence of the gap on the performance of the array is analyzed.

IEEE, 2019

Vivaldi antenna is a good choice for wideband phased arrays because of its wideband and wide beam... more Vivaldi antenna is a good choice for wideband phased arrays because of its wideband and wide beam performance. However, scanning blindness makes Vivaldi arrays unavailable in the part of its operating frequency and scanning volume. The blindness of interest first occurs for broadside scan when H-plane element spacing is greater than λ0/2 and the scan angle increases with frequency increased. In this paper, a metallic T-shaped structure is proposed to eliminate the scan blindness of the array, and elements are positioned in a triangular grid. An 8×5 array with metallic T-shaped structures has been designed, fabricated and tested. The results have proved that the metallic T-shaped structure is an effective method to eliminate this type of scan blindness.

IEEE, 2021

This paper introduces a dual-layer medium type microstrip GWG. In the proposed structure, microst... more This paper introduces a dual-layer medium type microstrip GWG. In the proposed structure, microstrip and metal pillar are placed in different mediums, the movement of the locations between microstrip and metal pillar will not affect each other. Compared with traditional single-layer medium type GWG, this structure simplifies the complexity of the design. Based on the microstrip GWG of dual-layer medium, a crossover device with a central frequency of 28GHz is designed. Two parallel microstrips are connected to realize the directional power of the crossover, the coupling degree within the bandwidth of 4GHz is within 0.5dB, and the bandwidth of 14.3% is achieved. The proposed crossover is a 0dB directional coupler. It can realize the directional distribution of power and it has good coupling, isolation and directional performance. Therefore, crossover can be well applied in the field of microwave technology.

Book Reviews by Dr. Permanand Soothar

Springer Link, 2022

This paper presents a compact and wideband planar monopole antenna with defected ground structure... more This paper presents a compact and wideband planar monopole antenna with defected ground structure for modern radar sensing systems. Two antenna structures are designed and simulated. The first developed antenna model contains a miniaturized square patch; microstrip feed line and simple partial ground plane. The proposed antenna is fed with 50 microstrip feeding network. A low-cost FR4 epoxy substrate material is used with constant values of relative permittivity 4.4 and di-electric loss tangent 0.02. The designed antenna possesses an overall compact dimension of 31.68 × 18.95 mm 2 printed on the thick substrate. Moreover, the second proposed antenna prototype is constructed by engraving inverted L-shaped slots on the upper surface of the simple partial ground plane hence; the planar antenna with defected partial ground plane is formed. The size and gap between the L-shaped slots influences the impedance bandwidth and radiation performance of the antenna. The parametric study of the different variables involved in the proposed antenna is performed. The antenna's key features including impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern are simulated and analyzed. A good improvement of 15.35% in impedance bandwidth at S 11 <-10 dB and stable near monopole like radiation pattern with gain

IIETA, 2021

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 2019

Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society and River Publisher, 2021

AIMS Press, 2022

Micromachines, MDPI, 2023

IEEE, 2019

Springer Link, 2020

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 2020

IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 2022

Wiley Online Library, 2021

Springer Link, 2021

Micromachines, MDPI, 2023

IEEE, 2022

IEEE, 2019

IEEE, 2021

Springer Link, 2022