Robert Osman | Masaryk University (original) (raw)
Papers by Robert Osman
Rural Sociology, Feb 5, 2023
Reuse preferences for post‐agricultural brownfields on former socialist agricultural premises in ... more Reuse preferences for post‐agricultural brownfields on former socialist agricultural premises in CEE countries are likely to be diverse and may depend on communities' experiences. Our research question is to reveal, through a questionnaire survey of 774 respondents from 180 communities, the difference in reuse preferences among communities with different experiences: communities where former collective farm sites had been abandoned (leaving a post‐agricultural brownfield), those where such sites had remained in continuous agricultural use, and those where such sites had been abandoned and later remediated or reused. The responses from the three types of communities were compared using Kruskal–Wallis tests and the structure of preferences was analyzed by Non‐Metric Multidimensional Scaling. Communities with an existing post‐agricultural brownfield prefer housing and leisure activities, while communities with sites in continuous agricultural production prefer agrarian uses. Two main poles of choice were identified—productive and non‐productive uses. While productive uses are preferred by respondents from communities with continuous agricultural production, non‐productive uses are preferred by communities with former post‐agricultural brownfields. The presence of post‐agricultural brownfields within the community is an important factor in determining a community's preferences for its reuse. When agricultural sites are abandoned, communities' preferences for its reuse also change.
The paper treats postsocialist urban transition as a multiple urban change which modifies substan... more The paper treats postsocialist urban transition as a multiple urban change which modifies substantially not only the internal spatial configuration of the city, but also its timescape. Relatively uniform and collectively perceived temporal landscape of socialist industrialism is compared to much more dispersed and overlapping rhythms of postsocialist urban timescapes. New pacemakers and shifts of individual rhythms result in re-configuration of networks formerly consisting of typical activities at typical places in typical times. There are new emerging time-spaces of postsocialism and postindustrialism overlaying or merging with the old timescapes and their rhythms. The concept of chronotope is introduced to describe the changing spatiality and imagination of daily temporal organization of the city; the concept is employed to structure the urban landscape in segments with distinct perceived/represented temporality.
Přispěvek pojima domov jako casoprostorovou konstelaci sveho druhu. V ramci geografie casu byl do... more Přispěvek pojima domov jako casoprostorovou konstelaci sveho druhu. V ramci geografie casu byl domov casto konceptualizovan pomoci jeho synchronizacni funkce. Torsten Hagerstrand o něm uvažuje jako o svazku individualnich trajektorii casoprostorem, Nigel Thrift a Don Parkes jako o rytmizatoru spolecných aktivit a Junyi Zhang, Dick Ettema nebo Frank Koppelman jako o prostoru casoveho vyjednavani. Eroze vlivu vnějsich rytmizatorů (zaměstnani, doprava, media) umocňuje význam každodenně vyjednavane synchronizace jakehokoliv spolecenstvi. Casova koordinace spolecných aktivit představuje jednu z klicových potřeb domacnosti, v nichž se domov neukazuje pouze jake misto, ale take jako cas, tedy nikoli pouze jako synchora, ale i jako synchrona. Přispěvek se zabýva casovým významem městskeho domova. Cilem přispěvku je tak vykreslit domov nikoli jako geograficky diskretni entitu, nýbrž jako misto s předpokladanou kontrolni ci koordinacni funkci ve vztahu k ostatnim casoprostorovým aktivitam jedince, jako misto intenzivni synchronizace a cas intenzivni synchorizace. Studovana bude otazka, nakolik jsou aktivity spojovane s domovem (spanek, rodinne aktivity, spolecne jidlo, apod.) fixovany v urcitem case a mistě, resp. do jake miry jsou tyto typy aktivit casoprostorovou kotvou ci fixacnim bodem rytmizujicim a umisťujicim ostatni cinnosti každodenni individualni rutiny. Empiricka cast přispěvku bude vychazet z výsledků terenniho setřeni realizovaneho v letech 2011 – 2013 ve vybraných městech Ceske republiky.
Sociologia Ruralis
Structural change in the agricultural economy may result in the abandonment of agricultural build... more Structural change in the agricultural economy may result in the abandonment of agricultural buildings, creating rural brownfield sites. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, post‐agricultural brownfields have become very common in Central and Eastern Europe. Our aim is to uncover and understand the reuse preferences for 16 reuse options, among 1275 survey respondents (local residents) from 272 rural communities with post‐agricultural brownfields in the Czech Republic. The influence of respondent status, the socioeconomic characteristics of those communities and environmental characteristics of communities were tested using redundancy analysis and variation partitioning. Three types of reuse were identified as most preferred among respondents: agricultural reuse, industrial reuse and reuse for housing, services and leisure time activities. We found strong and significant ties between the pattern of preferences for potential reuse options and demographic, community socioeconomic...
The book Geography of Barriers: Examples of Good Barrier-free Practice offers a collection of tex... more The book Geography of Barriers: Examples of Good Barrier-free Practice offers a collection of texts that are interested in making space, services, and information accessible. Thus, the collection is primarily about barriers, their nature, localization, and possible effects. Under barriers, most people imagine material barriers for wheelchair users in the form of steps or sidewalk curbs. Only a few would think that barriers can be represented by loosely placed rugs, unfit lighting, large glass surface, a doorbell without visual output, unwanted attention, frequent asking and offering help, lack of language knowledge, pity, etc. Thus, the book broadens awareness of what can be considered a barrier. The texts are divided into three parts – theoretical, methodic, and empirical – and their arrangement follows the logic of thematic focusing from the most general to the most concrete types of barriers. While the theoretical part places the policies of accessibility into the wider context o...
The paper reflects the issues of place-based rhythmicity, urban temporality and more general rela... more The paper reflects the issues of place-based rhythmicity, urban temporality and more general relations between time and space. The research focus is linked to the work of Yi-Fu Tuan, Edward Relph and David Seamon, as well as to the studies of Mikhail Bakhtin, Henri Lefebvre a Mike Crang dealing with (urban) temporality. We do not apply purely spatial conceptualization of place as many geographical concepts do. Place has been conceptualized here as a locality related to many other places through time or rhythm. The nature of place is defined not only by its physical settings. It is synchronized with other places through superlocal urban rhythms, defined by the contents, functions and meanings of other distant localities. The empirical part of the paper stems from the observation of numerous localities in Brno (Czech Republic) drawing the attention to the timespace concept of translocal place called chronopolis.
Journal of Rural Studies, 2021
Přispěvek se věnuje transformaci postindustrialniho města z pohledu jeho casove organizace. Vycha... more Přispěvek se věnuje transformaci postindustrialniho města z pohledu jeho casove organizace. Vychazi z Lundske skoly geografie casu, konceptů rytmicity, Lefebvrovy analýzy rytmů a Crangovy geograficke aplikace chronotopu. Přispěvek se na zakladě analýzy změn nabidky městske autobusove dopravy mezi roky 1989 a 2009 pokousi o empiricke zachyceni nastupu postindustrialni vývojove faze města. Zatimco casovost industrialniho města lze charakterizovat spolecně sdileným rytmem urcovaným nevelkým poctem dominantnich rytmizatorů (průmyslových zavodů), je obdobi deindustrializace města spojeno s výrazným oslabenim takových celospolecensky platných rytmizatorů a tedy i s výraznou individualizaci městske rytmicity. Za klicove přiciny změn těchto casoprostorových rytmů je možne považovat zvysujici se podil sektoru služeb na celkove zaměstnanosti, posileni spotřebni funkce jako městotvorneho faktoru na ukor funkce produkcni, stejně jako zasadni proměny v chapani a proživani městskeho způsobu života.
XX. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Sborník příspěvků., 2017
Moravian Geographical Reports
Time policies in urban environments are discussed in this article, including some difficulties in... more Time policies in urban environments are discussed in this article, including some difficulties in comparing such policies between cities and in an international comparison of urban times in general. In response to the need to systematise methodological approaches to the comparison of urban time policies, we offer a concrete solution in terms of a comparative chrono-urbanism. The main issues under consideration are the theoretical framings, systematic procedures and an empirical illustration comparing two urban times. The comparison serves as a tool for assessment, when one urban time becomes a criterion for another urban time. This approach is applied in the case of an international comparison of two similar cities – Brno (Czech Republic) and Bratislava (Slovak Republic). Their urban times are operationalised through the timetables of their public transport systems, the lines of which are conceived as the institutional carriers of urban time. Based on the analysis of timetables from...
Czech Sociological Review
The article is based on disability geography and draws on the social-geographic conception of rel... more The article is based on disability geography and draws on the social-geographic conception of relational space, which is perceived as being constantly created, never finished, heterogeneous, and embodied, and not a space that is given and everywhere the same. It offers a specific way of linking the discursive and material dimensions of disability, which intersect in the concept of social space, and refers to Lefebvre's trialectics of production-spatial practices, the representation of space, and spaces of representations. To analyse the mutual production of social space and social bodies, we use Goffman's concept of civil inattention. We ask how such social practices as gazing, addressing, asking, or dodging that co-create the social space of electric wheelchair users influence their movement through material space, and through the spatial reactions of wheelchair users responding to unwanted attention we trace the homogenisation and differentiation of space. The text is based on a long-term study (2010-2018) of the temporal/spatial behaviour of five electric wheelchair users (four men and one woman) diagnosed with muscular dystrophy who live in the City of Brno.
Moravian Geographical Reports
The variety of post-socialist agricultural transitions in four different rural regions located in... more The variety of post-socialist agricultural transitions in four different rural regions located in South Bohemia (Czech Republic), with respect to the utilisation of the older premises, is subject to analysis in this article. A complete database was constructed, containing the identification of agricultural premises in 1989 and their use in 2004 and 2017. From 1989 to 2004, a number of agricultural brownfields emerged, and many sites had been utilised for non-agricultural purposes. After 2004, the acreage of agricultural brownfields was reduced and new land-use utilisation for housing and, especially other non-agricultural activities, significantly increased. The transition in the utilisation of pre-1989 agricultural premises is strongly influenced by the social and economic contexts in which particular sites are located. Proximity to an upper-level regional centre is of crucial importance for decisions with respect to how (and if) the site will be reused. The peripheral location of ...
Moravian Geographical Reports
Citizen science is a relatively new phenomenon in the Czech Republic and currently a general over... more Citizen science is a relatively new phenomenon in the Czech Republic and currently a general overview of existing citizen science projects is not available. This presents the challenge to uncover the ‘hidden’ citizen science landscapes. The main objective of this paper is to explore the (public) representation of citizen science (CS) projects and to describe their heterogeneity. The study aims to answer the question of what type of projects in the Czech Republic meet the definition of citizen science. Based on a specific methodological data-base search approach, we compiled a set of CS projects (N = 73). During the classification process, two general citizen science categories were identified. The first group (N = 46) consists of “pure” CS projects with a prevalence towards the natural sciences, principally ornithology, and thus corresponding to general European trends. Citizens usually participate in such research in the form of data collection and basic interpretation, and a high ...
Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography
Sociální studia / Social Studies
Research on perceptions of security has long focused on exploring fear for oneself, but fear for ... more Research on perceptions of security has long focused on exploring fear for oneself, but fear for other person, so-called altruistic fear, which can contribute significantly to the overall perception of security, is equally important. Fear for others is also related to the need for surveillance and control over those for whom we worry. This article focuses on the importance of transferred, spatially absent parental control for the perception of fear for daughters who moved from a small municipality to a large, distant university city. Through semi-structured interviews with female first and second year college students, we examine how their feelings of safety and danger in the new environment transformed during their transition to university, how parents approached their leaving home and how they communicated with their daughters, and how the parents continued to supervise them despite the spatial divide. Our analysis shows the different forms that the relationship between parental c...
Sociální studia / Social Studies
This article focuses on the organization of space. The practices through which we grasp and conce... more This article focuses on the organization of space. The practices through which we grasp and conceive space are the paper’s concern. Practices emanating from the visual organization of space are usually so commonplace for seeing people so that these practices are only poorly reflected in seeing people’s understandings of space. This is why we turn to the experience of visually impaired people. Our understanding of this experience is based on interviews with 16 communication partners from Prague and Brno in 2014 and 2015. We use the poststructuralist approach of philosopher Gilles Deleuze, psychoanalyst Félix Guattari and geographer Marcus Doel to interpret the interviews and we show that visual impairment is not about non-seeing, but about becoming seeing differently – via the non-visual percept. Yet, such practices of seeing space differently are still shaped by the modern collective optical unconscious. Doel asserts that this unconscious has been structured by the medium of film, a...
European Planning Studies
Rural Sociology, Feb 5, 2023
Reuse preferences for post‐agricultural brownfields on former socialist agricultural premises in ... more Reuse preferences for post‐agricultural brownfields on former socialist agricultural premises in CEE countries are likely to be diverse and may depend on communities' experiences. Our research question is to reveal, through a questionnaire survey of 774 respondents from 180 communities, the difference in reuse preferences among communities with different experiences: communities where former collective farm sites had been abandoned (leaving a post‐agricultural brownfield), those where such sites had remained in continuous agricultural use, and those where such sites had been abandoned and later remediated or reused. The responses from the three types of communities were compared using Kruskal–Wallis tests and the structure of preferences was analyzed by Non‐Metric Multidimensional Scaling. Communities with an existing post‐agricultural brownfield prefer housing and leisure activities, while communities with sites in continuous agricultural production prefer agrarian uses. Two main poles of choice were identified—productive and non‐productive uses. While productive uses are preferred by respondents from communities with continuous agricultural production, non‐productive uses are preferred by communities with former post‐agricultural brownfields. The presence of post‐agricultural brownfields within the community is an important factor in determining a community's preferences for its reuse. When agricultural sites are abandoned, communities' preferences for its reuse also change.
The paper treats postsocialist urban transition as a multiple urban change which modifies substan... more The paper treats postsocialist urban transition as a multiple urban change which modifies substantially not only the internal spatial configuration of the city, but also its timescape. Relatively uniform and collectively perceived temporal landscape of socialist industrialism is compared to much more dispersed and overlapping rhythms of postsocialist urban timescapes. New pacemakers and shifts of individual rhythms result in re-configuration of networks formerly consisting of typical activities at typical places in typical times. There are new emerging time-spaces of postsocialism and postindustrialism overlaying or merging with the old timescapes and their rhythms. The concept of chronotope is introduced to describe the changing spatiality and imagination of daily temporal organization of the city; the concept is employed to structure the urban landscape in segments with distinct perceived/represented temporality.
Přispěvek pojima domov jako casoprostorovou konstelaci sveho druhu. V ramci geografie casu byl do... more Přispěvek pojima domov jako casoprostorovou konstelaci sveho druhu. V ramci geografie casu byl domov casto konceptualizovan pomoci jeho synchronizacni funkce. Torsten Hagerstrand o něm uvažuje jako o svazku individualnich trajektorii casoprostorem, Nigel Thrift a Don Parkes jako o rytmizatoru spolecných aktivit a Junyi Zhang, Dick Ettema nebo Frank Koppelman jako o prostoru casoveho vyjednavani. Eroze vlivu vnějsich rytmizatorů (zaměstnani, doprava, media) umocňuje význam každodenně vyjednavane synchronizace jakehokoliv spolecenstvi. Casova koordinace spolecných aktivit představuje jednu z klicových potřeb domacnosti, v nichž se domov neukazuje pouze jake misto, ale take jako cas, tedy nikoli pouze jako synchora, ale i jako synchrona. Přispěvek se zabýva casovým významem městskeho domova. Cilem přispěvku je tak vykreslit domov nikoli jako geograficky diskretni entitu, nýbrž jako misto s předpokladanou kontrolni ci koordinacni funkci ve vztahu k ostatnim casoprostorovým aktivitam jedince, jako misto intenzivni synchronizace a cas intenzivni synchorizace. Studovana bude otazka, nakolik jsou aktivity spojovane s domovem (spanek, rodinne aktivity, spolecne jidlo, apod.) fixovany v urcitem case a mistě, resp. do jake miry jsou tyto typy aktivit casoprostorovou kotvou ci fixacnim bodem rytmizujicim a umisťujicim ostatni cinnosti každodenni individualni rutiny. Empiricka cast přispěvku bude vychazet z výsledků terenniho setřeni realizovaneho v letech 2011 – 2013 ve vybraných městech Ceske republiky.
Sociologia Ruralis
Structural change in the agricultural economy may result in the abandonment of agricultural build... more Structural change in the agricultural economy may result in the abandonment of agricultural buildings, creating rural brownfield sites. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, post‐agricultural brownfields have become very common in Central and Eastern Europe. Our aim is to uncover and understand the reuse preferences for 16 reuse options, among 1275 survey respondents (local residents) from 272 rural communities with post‐agricultural brownfields in the Czech Republic. The influence of respondent status, the socioeconomic characteristics of those communities and environmental characteristics of communities were tested using redundancy analysis and variation partitioning. Three types of reuse were identified as most preferred among respondents: agricultural reuse, industrial reuse and reuse for housing, services and leisure time activities. We found strong and significant ties between the pattern of preferences for potential reuse options and demographic, community socioeconomic...
The book Geography of Barriers: Examples of Good Barrier-free Practice offers a collection of tex... more The book Geography of Barriers: Examples of Good Barrier-free Practice offers a collection of texts that are interested in making space, services, and information accessible. Thus, the collection is primarily about barriers, their nature, localization, and possible effects. Under barriers, most people imagine material barriers for wheelchair users in the form of steps or sidewalk curbs. Only a few would think that barriers can be represented by loosely placed rugs, unfit lighting, large glass surface, a doorbell without visual output, unwanted attention, frequent asking and offering help, lack of language knowledge, pity, etc. Thus, the book broadens awareness of what can be considered a barrier. The texts are divided into three parts – theoretical, methodic, and empirical – and their arrangement follows the logic of thematic focusing from the most general to the most concrete types of barriers. While the theoretical part places the policies of accessibility into the wider context o...
The paper reflects the issues of place-based rhythmicity, urban temporality and more general rela... more The paper reflects the issues of place-based rhythmicity, urban temporality and more general relations between time and space. The research focus is linked to the work of Yi-Fu Tuan, Edward Relph and David Seamon, as well as to the studies of Mikhail Bakhtin, Henri Lefebvre a Mike Crang dealing with (urban) temporality. We do not apply purely spatial conceptualization of place as many geographical concepts do. Place has been conceptualized here as a locality related to many other places through time or rhythm. The nature of place is defined not only by its physical settings. It is synchronized with other places through superlocal urban rhythms, defined by the contents, functions and meanings of other distant localities. The empirical part of the paper stems from the observation of numerous localities in Brno (Czech Republic) drawing the attention to the timespace concept of translocal place called chronopolis.
Journal of Rural Studies, 2021
Přispěvek se věnuje transformaci postindustrialniho města z pohledu jeho casove organizace. Vycha... more Přispěvek se věnuje transformaci postindustrialniho města z pohledu jeho casove organizace. Vychazi z Lundske skoly geografie casu, konceptů rytmicity, Lefebvrovy analýzy rytmů a Crangovy geograficke aplikace chronotopu. Přispěvek se na zakladě analýzy změn nabidky městske autobusove dopravy mezi roky 1989 a 2009 pokousi o empiricke zachyceni nastupu postindustrialni vývojove faze města. Zatimco casovost industrialniho města lze charakterizovat spolecně sdileným rytmem urcovaným nevelkým poctem dominantnich rytmizatorů (průmyslových zavodů), je obdobi deindustrializace města spojeno s výrazným oslabenim takových celospolecensky platných rytmizatorů a tedy i s výraznou individualizaci městske rytmicity. Za klicove přiciny změn těchto casoprostorových rytmů je možne považovat zvysujici se podil sektoru služeb na celkove zaměstnanosti, posileni spotřebni funkce jako městotvorneho faktoru na ukor funkce produkcni, stejně jako zasadni proměny v chapani a proživani městskeho způsobu života.
XX. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Sborník příspěvků., 2017
Moravian Geographical Reports
Time policies in urban environments are discussed in this article, including some difficulties in... more Time policies in urban environments are discussed in this article, including some difficulties in comparing such policies between cities and in an international comparison of urban times in general. In response to the need to systematise methodological approaches to the comparison of urban time policies, we offer a concrete solution in terms of a comparative chrono-urbanism. The main issues under consideration are the theoretical framings, systematic procedures and an empirical illustration comparing two urban times. The comparison serves as a tool for assessment, when one urban time becomes a criterion for another urban time. This approach is applied in the case of an international comparison of two similar cities – Brno (Czech Republic) and Bratislava (Slovak Republic). Their urban times are operationalised through the timetables of their public transport systems, the lines of which are conceived as the institutional carriers of urban time. Based on the analysis of timetables from...
Czech Sociological Review
The article is based on disability geography and draws on the social-geographic conception of rel... more The article is based on disability geography and draws on the social-geographic conception of relational space, which is perceived as being constantly created, never finished, heterogeneous, and embodied, and not a space that is given and everywhere the same. It offers a specific way of linking the discursive and material dimensions of disability, which intersect in the concept of social space, and refers to Lefebvre's trialectics of production-spatial practices, the representation of space, and spaces of representations. To analyse the mutual production of social space and social bodies, we use Goffman's concept of civil inattention. We ask how such social practices as gazing, addressing, asking, or dodging that co-create the social space of electric wheelchair users influence their movement through material space, and through the spatial reactions of wheelchair users responding to unwanted attention we trace the homogenisation and differentiation of space. The text is based on a long-term study (2010-2018) of the temporal/spatial behaviour of five electric wheelchair users (four men and one woman) diagnosed with muscular dystrophy who live in the City of Brno.
Moravian Geographical Reports
The variety of post-socialist agricultural transitions in four different rural regions located in... more The variety of post-socialist agricultural transitions in four different rural regions located in South Bohemia (Czech Republic), with respect to the utilisation of the older premises, is subject to analysis in this article. A complete database was constructed, containing the identification of agricultural premises in 1989 and their use in 2004 and 2017. From 1989 to 2004, a number of agricultural brownfields emerged, and many sites had been utilised for non-agricultural purposes. After 2004, the acreage of agricultural brownfields was reduced and new land-use utilisation for housing and, especially other non-agricultural activities, significantly increased. The transition in the utilisation of pre-1989 agricultural premises is strongly influenced by the social and economic contexts in which particular sites are located. Proximity to an upper-level regional centre is of crucial importance for decisions with respect to how (and if) the site will be reused. The peripheral location of ...
Moravian Geographical Reports
Citizen science is a relatively new phenomenon in the Czech Republic and currently a general over... more Citizen science is a relatively new phenomenon in the Czech Republic and currently a general overview of existing citizen science projects is not available. This presents the challenge to uncover the ‘hidden’ citizen science landscapes. The main objective of this paper is to explore the (public) representation of citizen science (CS) projects and to describe their heterogeneity. The study aims to answer the question of what type of projects in the Czech Republic meet the definition of citizen science. Based on a specific methodological data-base search approach, we compiled a set of CS projects (N = 73). During the classification process, two general citizen science categories were identified. The first group (N = 46) consists of “pure” CS projects with a prevalence towards the natural sciences, principally ornithology, and thus corresponding to general European trends. Citizens usually participate in such research in the form of data collection and basic interpretation, and a high ...
Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography
Sociální studia / Social Studies
Research on perceptions of security has long focused on exploring fear for oneself, but fear for ... more Research on perceptions of security has long focused on exploring fear for oneself, but fear for other person, so-called altruistic fear, which can contribute significantly to the overall perception of security, is equally important. Fear for others is also related to the need for surveillance and control over those for whom we worry. This article focuses on the importance of transferred, spatially absent parental control for the perception of fear for daughters who moved from a small municipality to a large, distant university city. Through semi-structured interviews with female first and second year college students, we examine how their feelings of safety and danger in the new environment transformed during their transition to university, how parents approached their leaving home and how they communicated with their daughters, and how the parents continued to supervise them despite the spatial divide. Our analysis shows the different forms that the relationship between parental c...
Sociální studia / Social Studies
This article focuses on the organization of space. The practices through which we grasp and conce... more This article focuses on the organization of space. The practices through which we grasp and conceive space are the paper’s concern. Practices emanating from the visual organization of space are usually so commonplace for seeing people so that these practices are only poorly reflected in seeing people’s understandings of space. This is why we turn to the experience of visually impaired people. Our understanding of this experience is based on interviews with 16 communication partners from Prague and Brno in 2014 and 2015. We use the poststructuralist approach of philosopher Gilles Deleuze, psychoanalyst Félix Guattari and geographer Marcus Doel to interpret the interviews and we show that visual impairment is not about non-seeing, but about becoming seeing differently – via the non-visual percept. Yet, such practices of seeing space differently are still shaped by the modern collective optical unconscious. Doel asserts that this unconscious has been structured by the medium of film, a...
European Planning Studies
Hlavní výzkumnou metodou studie o změně trvalého bydliště byly semi-strukturované rozhovory, kter... more Hlavní výzkumnou metodou studie o změně trvalého bydliště byly semi-strukturované rozhovory, které byly provedeny se 40 komunikačními partnery. Ti byli rozděleni do dvou skupin po 20 osobách. První skupinu tvořily osoby, které v Brně alespoň rok fakticky bydlí a tvoří domácnost, ale trvalé bydliště mají mimo Brno. Druhou skupinu pak tvořily osoby, které si trvalé bydliště do Brna přenesly v posledním roce. Všichni komunikační partneři a partnerky se pohybovali ve věku 25 až 40 let a měli alespoň vysokoškolské vzdělání bakalářského stupně. U skupiny s obvyklým bydlištěm v Brně pak zněla výzkumná otázka " Jakým způsobem osoby bydlící v Brně zdůvodňují nepřihlášení se k trvalému pobytu? " , zatímco u skupiny s přeneseným trvalým bydlištěm do Brna pak zněla " Z jakého důvodu se osoby dlouhodobě bydlící v Brně odhodlaly ke změně trvalého bydliště? ".
Statutární město Brno si nechalo ve druhé polovině roku 2016 zpracovat kvalitativní studii za úče... more Statutární město Brno si nechalo ve druhé polovině roku 2016 zpracovat kvalitativní studii za účelem poznání důvodů, proč si někteří lidé, kteří v Brně fakticky žijí, nepřihlásí do Brna i trvalé bydliště. K tomuto rozhodnutí vedly městskou samosprávu mimo jiné i dvě předchozí studie. Ty za prvé ukázaly, že zatímco má v Brně hlášeno trvalý pobyt 380 000 obyvatel, fakticky bydlící obyvatelstvo se odhaduje na 430 000 obyvatel (tedy o 50 000 obyvatel více). Na počet obyvatel s trvalým pobytem je přitom vázána částka, kterou město Brno získává od státu v rámci rozpočtového určení daní. Každoročně tak na každého obyvatele či obyvatelku s trvalým bydlištěm v Brně získá městská kasa cca 20 000 Kč. Za druhé předchozí studie dospěly k závěru, že mezi osobami, které v Brně fakticky žijí, ale nemají ve městě trvalé bydliště, se nacházejí především mladí, vzdělaní a pracující lidé. Jedná se tak o osoby s příznivou věkovou strukturou, většinou svobodné, s velmi vysokou vzdělanostní úrovní, pracovně vázané na velkoměstskou, převážně terciární a kvartérní ekonomiku.
Já vnímám fakt jako velký problém hlavně ty nástupní ostrůvky, buď že jsou nízko nebo že jsou úpl... more Já vnímám fakt jako velký problém hlavně ty nástupní ostrůvky, buď že jsou nízko nebo že jsou úplně bez, jako bez nájezdu, jako bariérový, jako že se z nich vůbec nedá dostat. Stačí vzít tady tu Vlhkou, tam se skvěle dostaneš prostě jako na tu zastávku, ale už se nedostaneš z ní. Prostě z té šaliny, prostě sjedeš v pohodě, že jo? Šalina přijede, vyjede ti prostě plošina, ty si hezky sjedeš po plošině, jo. A nedostaneš se z toho prostě, už jako prostě. Musíš si někomu říct, aby tě z toho dostal. (uživatel elektrického vozíku, muž, 5. listopadu 2011)
Mapa. Plán. Schéma. Toto jsou jen základní způsoby zachycení a předání informace o prostoru. Zákr... more Mapa. Plán. Schéma. Toto jsou jen základní způsoby zachycení a předání informace o prostoru. Zákres trojrozměrného prostoru na dvourozměrnou plochu papíru či obrazovky nemusí zvládnout předání všech informací beze ztrát a může tak úmyslně i neúmyslně opominout různé aspekty, odstíny a variace skutečnosti. Reakcí na tento klasický neutrální způsob zobrazování prostoru jsou alternativní přístupy k mapování a zapisování prostorových informací; zde jsou uvedeny tři z nich.
„Já bych ho na ten vozík posadil, ať si to zkusí,“ argumentuje mnoho vozíčkářů, když si chtějí vy... more „Já bych ho na ten vozík posadil, ať si to zkusí,“ argumentuje mnoho vozíčkářů, když si chtějí vydobýt nějaké výhody. Ve své disertační práci ze sociální geografie jsem se šest let zabýval časoprostorovými aspekty života pěti uživateli elektrických vozíků. Přijal jsem výzvu a našel v sobě
odvahu zažít si zkušenost na vozíku na vlastní kůži. Po sérii zúčastněných pozorování, sérií rozhovorů a osobních asistencí jsem
měl stále pocit, že této zkušenosti nemůžu plně porozumět. Abych se proto časoprostorové zkušenosti života na vozíku ještě více přiblížil, půjčil jsem si od kamarádky elektrický vozík a zkusil si na něm týden aktivně žít. Ze svého výzkumu jsem si každý den zapisoval terénní poznámky o svých zážitcích ...
Při pohybu po městě využívají někteří obyvatelé s pohybovým omezením elektrický vozík o hmotnosti... more Při pohybu po městě využívají někteří obyvatelé s pohybovým omezením elektrický vozík o hmotnosti okolo sta kilogramů a s maximální rychlostí 10 kilometrů za hodinu. Výdrž jeho akumulátoru je značně variabilní, od několika dnů až po několik hodin,a úzce souvisí se stářím vozíku. Tato technologie nabízí svým uživatelům specifické možnosti, které se promítají jak do jejich prostorových rozhodnutí, tak ovlivňují i samotnou zkušenost s prostředím města.
The dissertation deals with the topic of urban territoriality. Its aim is not to describe general... more The dissertation deals with the topic of urban territoriality. Its aim is not to describe general principles of origin and function of human territorial behavior in urban environment but to describe what significance the territorial experience of particular people in contemporary city can have. This interpretation requires empiric approach which means that according to grounded theory the significance of territoriality is not predetermined but only searched for. That is why the urban territoriality is first described at the most general level as a relationship between human and urban environment. The particular form of territoriality comes out from the experience of five people who were born with the muscular dystrophy in the second half of 1970s and who use electric wheelchair for their everyday activities. The dissertation arises from the grounded theory principles and uses the whole range of research methods - semi-structured interviews, mental maps, segmented determination of location thanks to GPS technology and participant observation. To discover as wide range of territoriality significance as possible the multiparadigmatic concept is used. The multiparadigmatic concept is a way of manipulation with empiricism - prepared conceptual instruments are not applied to any specific experience of participants. The concepts which are suitable for interpretation of collected data without regard to paradigm are selected only with regard to the character of empiricism itself. Perspectives of behavioral, social and humanistic geography were used during the research. Each of these perspectives has different conceptual methods and that is why it enabled to open up different dimensions of territoriality. The dissertation is divided into a theoretical-methodological and an empirical part. In the first part there are basic principles of grounded theory and basics of three different epistemologies. In the second part there is a description of dimensions which urban territoriality can have in the case of experience of electric wheelchair users. The main result of the dissertation is a description of territorial experience of electric wheelchair users, a description of their spatial handicap and a suggestion of space representation according to this experience.