Vojtěch Juřík | Masaryk University (original) (raw)
Papers by Vojtěch Juřík
The use of 3D visualization technologies has increased rapidly in many applied fields, including ... more The use of 3D visualization technologies has increased rapidly in many applied fields, including geovisualization, and has been researched from many different perspectives. However, the findings for the benefits of 3D visualization, especially in stereoscopic 3D forms, remain inconclusive and disputed. Stereoscopic "real" 3D visualization was proposed as encouraging the visual perception of shapes and volume of displayed content yet criticised as problematic and limited in a number of ways, particularly in visual discomfort and increased response time in tasks. In order to assess the potential of real 3D visualization for geo-applications, 91 participants were engaged in this study to work with digital terrain models in different 3D settings. The researchers examined the effectivity of stereoscopic real 3D visualization compared to monoscopic 3D (or pseudo 3D) visualization under static and interactive conditions and applied three tasks with experimental stimuli representi...
Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci: Filozofická fakulta, 2020
Cognitive styles are commonly studied constructs in cognitive psychology. It can be argued that m... more Cognitive styles are commonly studied constructs in cognitive psychology. It can be argued that measurement of these styles in the past had significant shortcomings in validity and reliability. The theory of analytic and holistic cognitive styles followed from traditional research of cognitive styles and attempted to overcome these shortcomings. Unfortunately, the psychometric properties of its measurement methods in many cases were debatable or not reported. New statistical approaches, such as analysis of reaction times, have been reported in the recent literature but remain overlooked by current research on analytic and holistic cognitive styles. The aim of this pre-registered study was to verify the psychometric properties (i.e., factor structure, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, discriminant validity with intelligence and personality, and divergent, concurrent and predictive validity) of several methods routinely applied in the field. We developed/adapted six met...
The huge technological leap in recent years brought extensive possibilities of hypotheses testing... more The huge technological leap in recent years brought extensive possibilities of hypotheses testing in immersive virtual environments (VE) and geovisualizations. Traditional research standards require well controlled experiments with strict setting to bring valid data about human behaviour. Unfortunately, such experiments testify in a limited way about complex processes of human behavior and cognition and it is not usually possible to transfer their conclusions into real life. For various reasons, experiments are often strictly narrowed to reveal particular point, however for the price of external and ecological validity losses. With the use of VE, people can relive authentic simulation in controlled environment, providing ecological validity as well as huge deal of data, infinite options of experimental stimuli and simple customization and administration. In this paper we discuss the value added to virtual reality (VR) in the matter of ecological validity. We suggest procedures for b...
V clanku představujeme problematiku realneho (stereoskopickeho) a pseudo 3D zobrazeni geografický... more V clanku představujeme problematiku realneho (stereoskopickeho) a pseudo 3D zobrazeni geografických dat a dale shrnujeme a nově interpretujeme výsledky naseho výzkumu 3D zobrazeni. Dosažene výsledky ukazuji, že rozdilný princip vyvolani 3D vjemu vede k odlisnemu kognitivnimu zpracovani informaci exponovaných v danem zobrazeni. Při řeseni experimentalnich uloh vedlo realne 3D zobrazeni ve větsi miře participanty k uvedeni rychlejsi, ale nespravne odpovědi. Při řeseni uloh jsme u realneho 3D zobrazeni pozorovali větsi ponořeni participantů do interakce a zaměřenost na detaily ve sceně, pseudo 3D zobrazeni naopak vedlo participanty k odstupu při řeseni ukolu a vytvořeni si nadhledu na situaci. Realne a pseudo 3D zobrazeni stejne geograficke informace se tedy jevi jako komputacně neekvivalentni. Domnivame se, že realne 3D zobrazeni vede operatora spise k rychlemu, intuitivnimu zpracovani informaci prezentovaných v exponovane sceně a pseudo 3D zobrazeni vede k hlubsi analýze kontextu sit...
Remote Sensing, 2021
From the user perspective, 3D geospatial data visualizations are one of the bridges between the p... more From the user perspective, 3D geospatial data visualizations are one of the bridges between the physical and the digital world. As such, the potential of 3D geospatial data visualizations is frequently discussed within and beyond the digital twins. The effects on human cognitive processes in complex spatial tasks is rather poorly known. No uniform standards exist for the 3D technologies used in these tasks. Although stereoscopic geovisualizations presented using 3D technologies enhance depth perception, it has been suggested that the visual discomfort experienced when using 3D technology outweighs its benefits and results in lower efficiency and errors. In the present study, sixty participants using 3D technologies were tested in terms of their ability to make informed decisions in selecting the correct position of a virtual transmitter in a digital twin and a digital terrain model, respectively. Participants (n = 60) were randomly assigned into two groups, one using 3D technology e...
PLOS ONE, 2020
The use of 3D visualization technologies has increased rapidly in many applied fields, including ... more The use of 3D visualization technologies has increased rapidly in many applied fields, including geovisualization, and has been researched from many different perspectives. However, the findings for the benefits of 3D visualization, especially in stereoscopic 3D forms, remain inconclusive and disputed. Stereoscopic "real" 3D visualization was proposed as encouraging the visual perception of shapes and volume of displayed content yet criticised as problematic and limited in a number of ways, particularly in visual discomfort and increased response time in tasks. In order to assess the potential of real 3D visualization for geo-applications, 91 participants were engaged in this study to work with digital terrain models in different 3D settings. The researchers examined the effectivity of stereoscopic real 3D visualization compared to monoscopic 3D (or pseudo 3D) visualization under static and interactive conditions and applied three tasks with experimental stimuli representing different geo-related phenomena, i.e. objects in the terrain, flat areas marked in the terrain and terrain elevation profiles. The authors explored the significant effects of real 3D visualization and interactivity factors in terms of response time and correctness. Researchers observed that the option to interact (t =-10.849, p < 0.001) with a virtual terrain and its depiction with real 3D visualization (t = 4.64, p < 0.001) extended the participants' response times. Counterintuitively, the data demonstrated that the static condition increased response correctness (z = 5.38, p < 0.001). Regarding detailed analysis of data, an interactivity factor was proposed as a potential substitute for real 3D visualization in 3D geographical tasks.
The Visual Computer, 2016
Generating large human crowds of distinguishable individuals is one of the challenges in the gami... more Generating large human crowds of distinguishable individuals is one of the challenges in the gaming industry. When the scene contains many characters, it becomes impracticable to create all the individual characters manually. However, the requirement for the different appearances of individuals in a crowd, namely their faces, is now in greater demand. Therefore, this paper describes our solution to the automatic generation of human faces that are created as a composite of facial parts of 3D scans of real human faces. However, the user has the possibility to further adjust the composite by designing replacements, leading to a desired appearance. The final composite can be exported and attached to a given avatar. To evaluate the usability of our solution, we performed two case studies. The conducted perception study performed with 104 participants aimed to confirm the decreasing human ability to recognize morphologically modified faces. The morphological study focused on the quantification of the extent of facial modifications. Both studies were performed by domain experts from psychology and anthropology.
The building design is a crucial factor that can be actively adjusted and optimized to prevent hu... more The building design is a crucial factor that can be actively adjusted and optimized to prevent human and property threats in emergency scenarios. Previous research suggests that specific building layouts may significantly influence human behaviour during evacuation. However, detailed empirical data about human behaviour in various types of buildings with different layouts are still missing and only marginal recommendations from this field are reflected in actual construction practice. In this study, desktop VR technologies were employed to study human decision-making in problematic T-intersections in the context of an emergency evacuation. More specifically, we studied fundamental attributes of buildings such as the width and length of the corridors and the presence of stairs to explore how they influence the choice of the evacuation route. The space-syntax isovist method was used to describe spatial parameters of corridors, which makes the results applicable to all buildings. Behav...
Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the results of an experiment performed as basic research of 3D dis... more ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the results of an experiment performed as basic research of 3D display of geographical information using with two alternative control devices (a Wii Remote Controller and a mouse). The aim was to explore the influence of a specific type of visualization on the human understanding of depicted geographical information and to discover which type of display – real 3D or pseudo-3D combined with a Wii Remote Con-troller and a computer mouse – can be considered better for working with geographical bases. The research was set up as an exploratory analysis and examined the performance of 17 participants. As expected, there were dif-ferences in the results between the kinds of visualization and devices used. The real 3D visualization appeared faster but less suitable for successful managing of tasks than the pseudo-3D visualization. We found no signifi-cant differences based on the controlling device when elaborating tasks, but we believe the Wii remote controller device to be a promising area for the future research.
Technologie emulujici virtualni realitu nabývaji různých forem, přicemž tyto specificke formy def... more Technologie emulujici virtualni realitu nabývaji různých forem, přicemž tyto specificke formy definuji limity vnimani a interakce s virtualnim obsahem. Na zakladě použite technologie nejsou různa 3D uživatelska rozhrani ekvivalentni v možnostech interakce a urcite nastaveni vstupů a výstupů takoveho rozhrani ovlivňuje proces interakce clověka s pocitacem, stejně jako kognitivni procesy.
Vizualni kognitivni styly se manifestuji způsoby, kterými lide implicitně zpracovavaji vizualni p... more Vizualni kognitivni styly se manifestuji způsoby, kterými lide implicitně zpracovavaji vizualni podněty z okoli. Je vsak otazkou, jak vizualni kognitivni styly měřit. Klasicke způsoby měřeni využivaji dotazniků, ci jednoduchých obrazkových uloh. Tyto způsoby vsak ze sve podstaty nemohou zachytit komplexitu skutecných vizualnich kompozici. S nastupem (mobilnich) eye-trackingových zařizeni se sice možnosti měřeni kognitivnich stylů posouvaji, jedna se zde vsak pouze o receptivni zpracovani realneho vizualniho podkladu. Cilem tohoto přispěvku je představit možnosti i uskali, ktere v sobě skýta konstrukce virtualnich prostředi a jejich nasledne nasazeni v ulohach zaměřených na zachyceni vizualnich kognitivnich stylů, v ramci virtualni reality, při užiti eye-trackingu. Konstrukce vlastnich virtualnich prostředi sice otevira nove možnosti, technologicke limitace i specifika vizualniho vnimani s sebou nicmeně nesou řadu omezeni – je tedy třeba klast důraz na metodicke podchyceni zasad kons...
Technologies providing three-dimensional visualization of the geographical data are widely discus... more Technologies providing three-dimensional visualization of the geographical data are widely discussed. Human perception and understanding of the information presented in virtual environments are conditioned by the way of information depiction and also by the specific options of interaction with the user interface (UI). The way how user interpret the depicted situation is crucial in terms of geographical theories (Hirmas et al., 2014; Coltekin et al., 2016) as well as in many applied areas such as crisis management (Bandrova et al., 2012) or aviation and vehicular traffic. Regarding used technologies, the 3D UIs are not equivalent in the number of provided interaction options. The specific interface setting of outputs and inputs (i.e. technology used) may hugely influence the process of interaction with such an environment. We explore the impact of specific UI setting of virtual geographical environment (VGEs) on the user’s perceptual, sensory-motor and cognitive processes (movement p...
Konference Kognice a umělý život každorocně sdružuje odborniky z oblasti psychologie, kognitivnic... more Konference Kognice a umělý život každorocně sdružuje odborniky z oblasti psychologie, kognitivnich věd, robotiky a dalsich oblasti. Letos proběhla v Brně. Konference je zaměřena na kognitivni vědy a uměle systemy.
The use of three-dimensional geovisualization is currently pushed both by the technology developm... more The use of three-dimensional geovisualization is currently pushed both by the technology development and users’ demands in different areas of human activity. However, the usability and users issues of 3D are still ambiguous. In recent years, several research groups analysed the empirical studies on 3D visualizations from different viewpoint including the conceptual aspects influencing the results (Coltekin et al 2016), different types of immersion and interactivity (Spriňarova et al 2015), and also the role different interaction with the 3D environment (Herman et al 2016). Some of these papers were exploratory and revealed the potential problems to be addressed as the necessity to conduct further empirical studies in order to understand what specifically the usefulness and usability of 3D visualizations depends on. We decided to further develop the previous study (Spriňarova et al 2015). Research questions were defined as follows: • Can the level of immersion influence particular us...
The use of 3D visualization technologies has increased rapidly in many applied fields, including ... more The use of 3D visualization technologies has increased rapidly in many applied fields, including geovisualization, and has been researched from many different perspectives. However, the findings for the benefits of 3D visualization, especially in stereoscopic 3D forms, remain inconclusive and disputed. Stereoscopic "real" 3D visualization was proposed as encouraging the visual perception of shapes and volume of displayed content yet criticised as problematic and limited in a number of ways, particularly in visual discomfort and increased response time in tasks. In order to assess the potential of real 3D visualization for geo-applications, 91 participants were engaged in this study to work with digital terrain models in different 3D settings. The researchers examined the effectivity of stereoscopic real 3D visualization compared to monoscopic 3D (or pseudo 3D) visualization under static and interactive conditions and applied three tasks with experimental stimuli representi...
Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci: Filozofická fakulta, 2020
Cognitive styles are commonly studied constructs in cognitive psychology. It can be argued that m... more Cognitive styles are commonly studied constructs in cognitive psychology. It can be argued that measurement of these styles in the past had significant shortcomings in validity and reliability. The theory of analytic and holistic cognitive styles followed from traditional research of cognitive styles and attempted to overcome these shortcomings. Unfortunately, the psychometric properties of its measurement methods in many cases were debatable or not reported. New statistical approaches, such as analysis of reaction times, have been reported in the recent literature but remain overlooked by current research on analytic and holistic cognitive styles. The aim of this pre-registered study was to verify the psychometric properties (i.e., factor structure, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, discriminant validity with intelligence and personality, and divergent, concurrent and predictive validity) of several methods routinely applied in the field. We developed/adapted six met...
The huge technological leap in recent years brought extensive possibilities of hypotheses testing... more The huge technological leap in recent years brought extensive possibilities of hypotheses testing in immersive virtual environments (VE) and geovisualizations. Traditional research standards require well controlled experiments with strict setting to bring valid data about human behaviour. Unfortunately, such experiments testify in a limited way about complex processes of human behavior and cognition and it is not usually possible to transfer their conclusions into real life. For various reasons, experiments are often strictly narrowed to reveal particular point, however for the price of external and ecological validity losses. With the use of VE, people can relive authentic simulation in controlled environment, providing ecological validity as well as huge deal of data, infinite options of experimental stimuli and simple customization and administration. In this paper we discuss the value added to virtual reality (VR) in the matter of ecological validity. We suggest procedures for b...
V clanku představujeme problematiku realneho (stereoskopickeho) a pseudo 3D zobrazeni geografický... more V clanku představujeme problematiku realneho (stereoskopickeho) a pseudo 3D zobrazeni geografických dat a dale shrnujeme a nově interpretujeme výsledky naseho výzkumu 3D zobrazeni. Dosažene výsledky ukazuji, že rozdilný princip vyvolani 3D vjemu vede k odlisnemu kognitivnimu zpracovani informaci exponovaných v danem zobrazeni. Při řeseni experimentalnich uloh vedlo realne 3D zobrazeni ve větsi miře participanty k uvedeni rychlejsi, ale nespravne odpovědi. Při řeseni uloh jsme u realneho 3D zobrazeni pozorovali větsi ponořeni participantů do interakce a zaměřenost na detaily ve sceně, pseudo 3D zobrazeni naopak vedlo participanty k odstupu při řeseni ukolu a vytvořeni si nadhledu na situaci. Realne a pseudo 3D zobrazeni stejne geograficke informace se tedy jevi jako komputacně neekvivalentni. Domnivame se, že realne 3D zobrazeni vede operatora spise k rychlemu, intuitivnimu zpracovani informaci prezentovaných v exponovane sceně a pseudo 3D zobrazeni vede k hlubsi analýze kontextu sit...
Remote Sensing, 2021
From the user perspective, 3D geospatial data visualizations are one of the bridges between the p... more From the user perspective, 3D geospatial data visualizations are one of the bridges between the physical and the digital world. As such, the potential of 3D geospatial data visualizations is frequently discussed within and beyond the digital twins. The effects on human cognitive processes in complex spatial tasks is rather poorly known. No uniform standards exist for the 3D technologies used in these tasks. Although stereoscopic geovisualizations presented using 3D technologies enhance depth perception, it has been suggested that the visual discomfort experienced when using 3D technology outweighs its benefits and results in lower efficiency and errors. In the present study, sixty participants using 3D technologies were tested in terms of their ability to make informed decisions in selecting the correct position of a virtual transmitter in a digital twin and a digital terrain model, respectively. Participants (n = 60) were randomly assigned into two groups, one using 3D technology e...
PLOS ONE, 2020
The use of 3D visualization technologies has increased rapidly in many applied fields, including ... more The use of 3D visualization technologies has increased rapidly in many applied fields, including geovisualization, and has been researched from many different perspectives. However, the findings for the benefits of 3D visualization, especially in stereoscopic 3D forms, remain inconclusive and disputed. Stereoscopic "real" 3D visualization was proposed as encouraging the visual perception of shapes and volume of displayed content yet criticised as problematic and limited in a number of ways, particularly in visual discomfort and increased response time in tasks. In order to assess the potential of real 3D visualization for geo-applications, 91 participants were engaged in this study to work with digital terrain models in different 3D settings. The researchers examined the effectivity of stereoscopic real 3D visualization compared to monoscopic 3D (or pseudo 3D) visualization under static and interactive conditions and applied three tasks with experimental stimuli representing different geo-related phenomena, i.e. objects in the terrain, flat areas marked in the terrain and terrain elevation profiles. The authors explored the significant effects of real 3D visualization and interactivity factors in terms of response time and correctness. Researchers observed that the option to interact (t =-10.849, p < 0.001) with a virtual terrain and its depiction with real 3D visualization (t = 4.64, p < 0.001) extended the participants' response times. Counterintuitively, the data demonstrated that the static condition increased response correctness (z = 5.38, p < 0.001). Regarding detailed analysis of data, an interactivity factor was proposed as a potential substitute for real 3D visualization in 3D geographical tasks.
The Visual Computer, 2016
Generating large human crowds of distinguishable individuals is one of the challenges in the gami... more Generating large human crowds of distinguishable individuals is one of the challenges in the gaming industry. When the scene contains many characters, it becomes impracticable to create all the individual characters manually. However, the requirement for the different appearances of individuals in a crowd, namely their faces, is now in greater demand. Therefore, this paper describes our solution to the automatic generation of human faces that are created as a composite of facial parts of 3D scans of real human faces. However, the user has the possibility to further adjust the composite by designing replacements, leading to a desired appearance. The final composite can be exported and attached to a given avatar. To evaluate the usability of our solution, we performed two case studies. The conducted perception study performed with 104 participants aimed to confirm the decreasing human ability to recognize morphologically modified faces. The morphological study focused on the quantification of the extent of facial modifications. Both studies were performed by domain experts from psychology and anthropology.
The building design is a crucial factor that can be actively adjusted and optimized to prevent hu... more The building design is a crucial factor that can be actively adjusted and optimized to prevent human and property threats in emergency scenarios. Previous research suggests that specific building layouts may significantly influence human behaviour during evacuation. However, detailed empirical data about human behaviour in various types of buildings with different layouts are still missing and only marginal recommendations from this field are reflected in actual construction practice. In this study, desktop VR technologies were employed to study human decision-making in problematic T-intersections in the context of an emergency evacuation. More specifically, we studied fundamental attributes of buildings such as the width and length of the corridors and the presence of stairs to explore how they influence the choice of the evacuation route. The space-syntax isovist method was used to describe spatial parameters of corridors, which makes the results applicable to all buildings. Behav...
Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the results of an experiment performed as basic research of 3D dis... more ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the results of an experiment performed as basic research of 3D display of geographical information using with two alternative control devices (a Wii Remote Controller and a mouse). The aim was to explore the influence of a specific type of visualization on the human understanding of depicted geographical information and to discover which type of display – real 3D or pseudo-3D combined with a Wii Remote Con-troller and a computer mouse – can be considered better for working with geographical bases. The research was set up as an exploratory analysis and examined the performance of 17 participants. As expected, there were dif-ferences in the results between the kinds of visualization and devices used. The real 3D visualization appeared faster but less suitable for successful managing of tasks than the pseudo-3D visualization. We found no signifi-cant differences based on the controlling device when elaborating tasks, but we believe the Wii remote controller device to be a promising area for the future research.
Technologie emulujici virtualni realitu nabývaji různých forem, přicemž tyto specificke formy def... more Technologie emulujici virtualni realitu nabývaji různých forem, přicemž tyto specificke formy definuji limity vnimani a interakce s virtualnim obsahem. Na zakladě použite technologie nejsou různa 3D uživatelska rozhrani ekvivalentni v možnostech interakce a urcite nastaveni vstupů a výstupů takoveho rozhrani ovlivňuje proces interakce clověka s pocitacem, stejně jako kognitivni procesy.
Vizualni kognitivni styly se manifestuji způsoby, kterými lide implicitně zpracovavaji vizualni p... more Vizualni kognitivni styly se manifestuji způsoby, kterými lide implicitně zpracovavaji vizualni podněty z okoli. Je vsak otazkou, jak vizualni kognitivni styly měřit. Klasicke způsoby měřeni využivaji dotazniků, ci jednoduchých obrazkových uloh. Tyto způsoby vsak ze sve podstaty nemohou zachytit komplexitu skutecných vizualnich kompozici. S nastupem (mobilnich) eye-trackingových zařizeni se sice možnosti měřeni kognitivnich stylů posouvaji, jedna se zde vsak pouze o receptivni zpracovani realneho vizualniho podkladu. Cilem tohoto přispěvku je představit možnosti i uskali, ktere v sobě skýta konstrukce virtualnich prostředi a jejich nasledne nasazeni v ulohach zaměřených na zachyceni vizualnich kognitivnich stylů, v ramci virtualni reality, při užiti eye-trackingu. Konstrukce vlastnich virtualnich prostředi sice otevira nove možnosti, technologicke limitace i specifika vizualniho vnimani s sebou nicmeně nesou řadu omezeni – je tedy třeba klast důraz na metodicke podchyceni zasad kons...
Technologies providing three-dimensional visualization of the geographical data are widely discus... more Technologies providing three-dimensional visualization of the geographical data are widely discussed. Human perception and understanding of the information presented in virtual environments are conditioned by the way of information depiction and also by the specific options of interaction with the user interface (UI). The way how user interpret the depicted situation is crucial in terms of geographical theories (Hirmas et al., 2014; Coltekin et al., 2016) as well as in many applied areas such as crisis management (Bandrova et al., 2012) or aviation and vehicular traffic. Regarding used technologies, the 3D UIs are not equivalent in the number of provided interaction options. The specific interface setting of outputs and inputs (i.e. technology used) may hugely influence the process of interaction with such an environment. We explore the impact of specific UI setting of virtual geographical environment (VGEs) on the user’s perceptual, sensory-motor and cognitive processes (movement p...
Konference Kognice a umělý život každorocně sdružuje odborniky z oblasti psychologie, kognitivnic... more Konference Kognice a umělý život každorocně sdružuje odborniky z oblasti psychologie, kognitivnich věd, robotiky a dalsich oblasti. Letos proběhla v Brně. Konference je zaměřena na kognitivni vědy a uměle systemy.
The use of three-dimensional geovisualization is currently pushed both by the technology developm... more The use of three-dimensional geovisualization is currently pushed both by the technology development and users’ demands in different areas of human activity. However, the usability and users issues of 3D are still ambiguous. In recent years, several research groups analysed the empirical studies on 3D visualizations from different viewpoint including the conceptual aspects influencing the results (Coltekin et al 2016), different types of immersion and interactivity (Spriňarova et al 2015), and also the role different interaction with the 3D environment (Herman et al 2016). Some of these papers were exploratory and revealed the potential problems to be addressed as the necessity to conduct further empirical studies in order to understand what specifically the usefulness and usability of 3D visualizations depends on. We decided to further develop the previous study (Spriňarova et al 2015). Research questions were defined as follows: • Can the level of immersion influence particular us...