Takaya Arita | Nagoya University (original) (raw)
Papers by Takaya Arita
Proceedings of the Annual Conference of JSAI Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conserence of JSAI, 2002, 2002
Proceedings of the Annual Conference of JSAI Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of JSAI, 2001, 2001
CRC Press eBooks, May 21, 2009
Artificial Life and Robotics, Sep 1, 2010
Systems and Computers in Japan, 2006
Systems and Computers in Japan, 1992
The authors have already proposed the multiple instruction‐stream execution system by a function‐... more The authors have already proposed the multiple instruction‐stream execution system by a function‐partitioned superscalar processor, for extracting the fine‐grain parallelism. In the proposed system, the processor is divided into a number of heterogeneous processing units and the instruction stream is given separately to the processing units. The processing units communicate the tokens (control pulses) at a higher speed to control the execution of instruction according to the precedence relations among the instructions.This paper considers the prototype model based on three kinds of machine instructions and evaluates the fundamental performances of the proposed execution scheme by simulation. Especially, the following items are examined: (1) load distribution by three kinds of instructions, (2) extracted parallelism and execution time of the program, (3) effect of token communication time and the effect of overlapped execution of token transmission/reception instructions, and (4) effect of access time of memory unit.
Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, May 20, 2014
The Nash demand game (NDG) has been at the center of attention when explaining moral norms of dis... more The Nash demand game (NDG) has been at the center of attention when explaining moral norms of distributive justice on the basis of the game theory. This paper describes the demand-intensity game (D-I game), which adds an “intensity” dimension to NDG in order to discuss various scenarios for the evolution of norms concerning distributive justice, while keeping such simplicity that it can be analyzed by the concepts and tools of the game theory. We perform an ESS analysis and evolutionary simulations, followed by the analysis of replicator dynamics. It is shown that the three norms emerge: the one claiming an equal distribution (Egalitarianism), the one claiming the full amount (Libertarianism), and, as the special case of Libertarianism, the one claiming the full amount but conceding the resource in conflict (Wimpy libertarianism). The evolution of these norms strongly depends on the conflict cost parameter. Egalitarianism emerges with a larger conflict cost while Libertarianism with a smaller cost. Wimpy libertarianism emerges with a relatively larger conflict cost in libertarianism. The simulation results show that there are three types of evolutionary scenarios in general. We see in most of the trials the population straightforwardly converges to Libertarianism or Egalitarianism. It is also shown that, in some range of the conflict cost, the population nearly converges to Egalitarianism, which is followed by the convergence to Libertarianism. It is shown that this evolutionary transition depends on the quasi stability of Egalitarianism.
Advances in Complex Systems, Oct 1, 2008
The Nash demand game (NDG) has been applied to explain moral norms of distributive justice. Skyrm... more The Nash demand game (NDG) has been applied to explain moral norms of distributive justice. Skyrms showed a game theoretic explanation of how norms of the equal division could have evolved by using replicator dynamics of NDG. Skyrmsian approach is evolutionary generalist as it entirely omits the psychological mechanisms, in contrast to evolutionary psychology, which emphasizes particular psychological factors of human behaviors. We propose the demand-intensity game (D-I game), which adds an “intensity” dimension to NDG in order to discuss various scenarios for the evolution of norms concerning distributive justice. We present a basic game theory analysis of the D-I game and evolutionary simulations. Three types of norms, libertarianism, “wimpy” libertarianism and egalitarianism could emerge in increasing order of the cost parameter of the game. We also show quasi stability of egalitarian strategies in the game theory analysis, the evolutionary simulation and replicator dynamics. We believe that the D-I game provides us with a useful framework to study dynamics of distributive justice from an emergence perspective, beyond the question of whether strategies demanding an equal share can dominate the population or not.
Artificial Life and Robotics, Sep 19, 2012
ABSTRACT The Nash demand game (NDG) has been applied to explain moral norms of distributive justi... more ABSTRACT The Nash demand game (NDG) has been applied to explain moral norms of distributive justice. In NDG, two players simultaneously make demands and receive them unless the sum of the demands exceeds the amount of the resource. Otherwise, they obtain nothing. This paper proposes the demand-intensity game (D-I game), which adds an “intensity” dimension to NDG in order to discuss various scenarios for the evolution of norms concerning distributive justice. We show basic analyses of the D-I game in game theory and then evolutionary simulations. Descriptive/evolutionary approaches show that three types of norms could evolve mainly depending on the conflict cost in the game: egalitarianism, “wimpy” libertarianism and libertarianism in decreasing order of the cost. Although the wimpy libertarianism is classified as the libertarianism in the sense of claiming the full resource, it can achieve an egalitarian division without conflict cost as a result.
Artificial Life and Robotics, Jan 31, 2015
Abstract One of the most significant problems in interdisciplinary research fields, including evo... more Abstract One of the most significant problems in interdisciplinary research fields, including evolutionary biology, ecology, economics and sociology is to explain social behaviors such as cooperation. Cooperation seems to be difficult to reconcile with natural selection. Why should an individual help another under Darwinian selection? This paper focuses on the altruism in distribution. It seems obvious that giving out nothing is more adaptive than giving resources to others. However, at least we humans, as innately social animals, sometimes share resources with others in our daily social life. We develop an evolutionary model with the distribution dilemma game and investigate the evolution of distributive altruism based on spatial reciprocity, especially by paying attention to the effect of the emergent properties of the resource during distribution.
Artificial Life and Robotics, Dec 1, 2010
It is commonly agreed upon that misperception is detrimental. However, misperception might have a... more It is commonly agreed upon that misperception is detrimental. However, misperception might have a beneficial effect from a collective viewpoint when individuals mispercept incoming information that promotes a specific kind of behavior, which leads to an increase in diversity. First, this paper proposes our hypothesis regarding adaptive property of misperception based on the argument of the relationship between misperception and behavioral diversity, and the effects of communication on diversity. Then, a simple computational model is constructed for a resource-searching problem by using the multi-agent modeling method. We investigate both direct misperception, that are caused when obtaining information directly from surrounding environment, and indirect misperception, that are caused when obtaining information indirectly through communication by conducting simulation experiments. The experimental results have shown that misperception could increase diversity in behavior of agents, thus could be adaptive, while accurate communication could decrease a diversity of agent behavior, which might decrease fitness. This paper also discusses a correlative relationship between direct misperception and indirect misperception. We believe that the study on adaptive property of misperception based on an innovative frame of reference and a powerful methodology in the field of complex system or artificial life would shed light on fundamental issues in cognitive science, memetics and engineering.
Transactions of The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 2010
Evolutionary Programming, 1996
Artificial Life and Robotics, Dec 1, 2002
Proceedings of the Annual Conference of JSAI Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conserence of JSAI, 2002, 2002
Proceedings of the Annual Conference of JSAI Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of JSAI, 2001, 2001
CRC Press eBooks, May 21, 2009
Artificial Life and Robotics, Sep 1, 2010
Systems and Computers in Japan, 2006
Systems and Computers in Japan, 1992
The authors have already proposed the multiple instruction‐stream execution system by a function‐... more The authors have already proposed the multiple instruction‐stream execution system by a function‐partitioned superscalar processor, for extracting the fine‐grain parallelism. In the proposed system, the processor is divided into a number of heterogeneous processing units and the instruction stream is given separately to the processing units. The processing units communicate the tokens (control pulses) at a higher speed to control the execution of instruction according to the precedence relations among the instructions.This paper considers the prototype model based on three kinds of machine instructions and evaluates the fundamental performances of the proposed execution scheme by simulation. Especially, the following items are examined: (1) load distribution by three kinds of instructions, (2) extracted parallelism and execution time of the program, (3) effect of token communication time and the effect of overlapped execution of token transmission/reception instructions, and (4) effect of access time of memory unit.
Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, May 20, 2014
The Nash demand game (NDG) has been at the center of attention when explaining moral norms of dis... more The Nash demand game (NDG) has been at the center of attention when explaining moral norms of distributive justice on the basis of the game theory. This paper describes the demand-intensity game (D-I game), which adds an “intensity” dimension to NDG in order to discuss various scenarios for the evolution of norms concerning distributive justice, while keeping such simplicity that it can be analyzed by the concepts and tools of the game theory. We perform an ESS analysis and evolutionary simulations, followed by the analysis of replicator dynamics. It is shown that the three norms emerge: the one claiming an equal distribution (Egalitarianism), the one claiming the full amount (Libertarianism), and, as the special case of Libertarianism, the one claiming the full amount but conceding the resource in conflict (Wimpy libertarianism). The evolution of these norms strongly depends on the conflict cost parameter. Egalitarianism emerges with a larger conflict cost while Libertarianism with a smaller cost. Wimpy libertarianism emerges with a relatively larger conflict cost in libertarianism. The simulation results show that there are three types of evolutionary scenarios in general. We see in most of the trials the population straightforwardly converges to Libertarianism or Egalitarianism. It is also shown that, in some range of the conflict cost, the population nearly converges to Egalitarianism, which is followed by the convergence to Libertarianism. It is shown that this evolutionary transition depends on the quasi stability of Egalitarianism.
Advances in Complex Systems, Oct 1, 2008
The Nash demand game (NDG) has been applied to explain moral norms of distributive justice. Skyrm... more The Nash demand game (NDG) has been applied to explain moral norms of distributive justice. Skyrms showed a game theoretic explanation of how norms of the equal division could have evolved by using replicator dynamics of NDG. Skyrmsian approach is evolutionary generalist as it entirely omits the psychological mechanisms, in contrast to evolutionary psychology, which emphasizes particular psychological factors of human behaviors. We propose the demand-intensity game (D-I game), which adds an “intensity” dimension to NDG in order to discuss various scenarios for the evolution of norms concerning distributive justice. We present a basic game theory analysis of the D-I game and evolutionary simulations. Three types of norms, libertarianism, “wimpy” libertarianism and egalitarianism could emerge in increasing order of the cost parameter of the game. We also show quasi stability of egalitarian strategies in the game theory analysis, the evolutionary simulation and replicator dynamics. We believe that the D-I game provides us with a useful framework to study dynamics of distributive justice from an emergence perspective, beyond the question of whether strategies demanding an equal share can dominate the population or not.
Artificial Life and Robotics, Sep 19, 2012
ABSTRACT The Nash demand game (NDG) has been applied to explain moral norms of distributive justi... more ABSTRACT The Nash demand game (NDG) has been applied to explain moral norms of distributive justice. In NDG, two players simultaneously make demands and receive them unless the sum of the demands exceeds the amount of the resource. Otherwise, they obtain nothing. This paper proposes the demand-intensity game (D-I game), which adds an “intensity” dimension to NDG in order to discuss various scenarios for the evolution of norms concerning distributive justice. We show basic analyses of the D-I game in game theory and then evolutionary simulations. Descriptive/evolutionary approaches show that three types of norms could evolve mainly depending on the conflict cost in the game: egalitarianism, “wimpy” libertarianism and libertarianism in decreasing order of the cost. Although the wimpy libertarianism is classified as the libertarianism in the sense of claiming the full resource, it can achieve an egalitarian division without conflict cost as a result.
Artificial Life and Robotics, Jan 31, 2015
Abstract One of the most significant problems in interdisciplinary research fields, including evo... more Abstract One of the most significant problems in interdisciplinary research fields, including evolutionary biology, ecology, economics and sociology is to explain social behaviors such as cooperation. Cooperation seems to be difficult to reconcile with natural selection. Why should an individual help another under Darwinian selection? This paper focuses on the altruism in distribution. It seems obvious that giving out nothing is more adaptive than giving resources to others. However, at least we humans, as innately social animals, sometimes share resources with others in our daily social life. We develop an evolutionary model with the distribution dilemma game and investigate the evolution of distributive altruism based on spatial reciprocity, especially by paying attention to the effect of the emergent properties of the resource during distribution.
Artificial Life and Robotics, Dec 1, 2010
It is commonly agreed upon that misperception is detrimental. However, misperception might have a... more It is commonly agreed upon that misperception is detrimental. However, misperception might have a beneficial effect from a collective viewpoint when individuals mispercept incoming information that promotes a specific kind of behavior, which leads to an increase in diversity. First, this paper proposes our hypothesis regarding adaptive property of misperception based on the argument of the relationship between misperception and behavioral diversity, and the effects of communication on diversity. Then, a simple computational model is constructed for a resource-searching problem by using the multi-agent modeling method. We investigate both direct misperception, that are caused when obtaining information directly from surrounding environment, and indirect misperception, that are caused when obtaining information indirectly through communication by conducting simulation experiments. The experimental results have shown that misperception could increase diversity in behavior of agents, thus could be adaptive, while accurate communication could decrease a diversity of agent behavior, which might decrease fitness. This paper also discusses a correlative relationship between direct misperception and indirect misperception. We believe that the study on adaptive property of misperception based on an innovative frame of reference and a powerful methodology in the field of complex system or artificial life would shed light on fundamental issues in cognitive science, memetics and engineering.
Transactions of The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 2010
Evolutionary Programming, 1996
Artificial Life and Robotics, Dec 1, 2002