Sunday O Ajike | Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. (original) (raw)
Papers by Sunday O Ajike
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2011
Background: The worldwide pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions has been rarely r... more Background: The worldwide pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions has been rarely reported despite its significance in head and neck medicine. The Niger Delta region comprises 9 of the 36 states in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. There are scanty reports on oral and maxillofacial surgical diseases from the region despite its 95% contribution to Nigeria\'s oil-revenue. Methods: This retrospective survey of oral/maxillofacial surgical cases seen at a referral center in Port Harcourt, a city in the Niger delta region of Nigeria. Results: Between 2000 and 2004, our center offered specialized maxillofacial surgical services to 86 patients coming from 5 states in the Niger delta region. These patients made up 20% of all patients seen at the department within the period. There were 110 indications for surgical interventions. Most were complaints of trauma (46.4%). The rest were tumors and allied lesions (39.0%) and cysts (12.7%). Ratio of male to female patients was 1.7:...
Surgical Sciences Research Society, Zaria and Association of Surgeons of Nigeria, 2004
Background: Metastatic tumours make up approximately one per cent of all oral malignancies. Such ... more Background: Metastatic tumours make up approximately one per cent of all oral malignancies. Such tumours may present in the jawbones and oral soft tissues. The commonest oral site is the mandible. Nigerian reports of metastatic tumours to the jaws are very rare. Method: This is a retrospective study of six cases of metastatic tumours to the jaws seen at the Maxillofacial Unit, Ahmadu Bello University Hospital, Kaduna from1979-1998,representing 1% of all histologically confirmed malignant jaw tumours in the hospital. Results: Unlike in other reports, most (three of our six cases) originated from the thyroid gland while the rest were from the breast, uterus and the nasopharynx. More of our lesions occurred in the mandible (4) than the maxilla (2) and almost all patients presented with oral complaints oblivious of the primary malignancy. These complaints resemble those from odontogenic infections and benign neoplasms. The most common histological type of metastatic tumours in this study was the adenocarcinoma (50%). Conclusion: In view of the similarity in presentation of metastatic lesions to the jaws and other odontogenic tumours and even infections, a high index of clinical suspicion is advocated to ensure early, multidisciplinary care of patients.
There is no consensus on which imaging modality is better for the detection of metastatic cervica... more There is no consensus on which imaging modality is better for the detection of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in orofacial malignancies. This study evaluates the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) in diagnosis of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in orofacial cancer.
Relationship between Nutritional Status, Sweetened Foods Consumption and Prevalence of Cariogenicity with Associated Level of Risk in Adolescents- Case of Sabongari LGA Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria, 2020
The Nutritional status, frequency of sweetened foods consumption and prevalence of cariogenicity ... more The Nutritional status, frequency of sweetened foods consumption and prevalence of cariogenicity with its associated level of Risk in adolescents of Zaria, Kaduna Nigeria was investigated. The prevalence of malnutrition among the adolescents of the sampled population was 25.4%, while the Prevalence of dental caries was discovered to be 23.4%, with mean DMFT 0.39 and Significant Caries (SiC) Index of 0.66, presented as low with decayed tooth component found to be highest, reflecting high levels of Untreated caries, with 16.9% at Low Risk, 68.7% Moderate Risk and 14.3% High Risk of dental caries. More than half (76.6%) of the students were caries-free and the majority of those with dental caries experience were aged 16-19 (14.03%) and females (14.6%), Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a negative and very weak correlation (R<0.2), between nutritional status, sweetened foods consumption and caries occurrence. P-values (0.916 >0.05), with highest untreated cases recorded among Females (53.75%) and older adolescents 16-19 years (51.2%). In conclusion, although the frequency of sweetened foods consumption may not be significantly linked to nutritional status and the prevalence of cariogenicity, a portion of the adolescents are still at high and moderate risk levels of dental caries and malnutrition.
West African journal of medicine, Dec 30, 2021
Introduction: Odontogenic fibroma (OF) is a rare benign tumor of mesenchymal odontogenic tissue w... more Introduction: Odontogenic fibroma (OF) is a rare benign tumor of mesenchymal odontogenic tissue with variable global incidence. Two variants comprising extraosseous /peripheral (POF) and intraosseous /central (COF) have been identified based on the anatomical origin of the tumor. OF isslow growing, and often asymptomatic with characteristic radiographic appearance of a unilocular or multilocular cyst frequently associated with unerupted or displaced teeth while histologically, varying amount of inactive odontogenic epithelium embedded in a mature relatively dense collagenous stroma is diagnostic. The absence of odontogenic epithelium does not exclude the diagnosis of odontogenic fibroma. Case report: A 15 months old female presented with 3 months history of left lower jaw swelling which showed aggressive growth following incisional biopsy. Parents said lesion was noticed for the first time as pinpoint on the submandibular area and was too small to warrant any worries. Initial radiograph revealed absence of bony involvement but the second showed evidence of bony involvement. An impression of soft tissue sarcoma was made and incisional biopsy was sent for pathological diagnosis which revealed peripheral odontogenic fibroma. The rapidity of growth following incisional biopsy bellied a benign lesion. Conclusion: An aggressive odontogenic fibroma with multifocal points in a 15months old girl.
Journal of the West African College of Surgeons
A survey of temporomandibular joint
Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2004
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2007
CK19 mRNA level (P = 0.003), and great correlation was found between tissue CK19 protein expressi... more CK19 mRNA level (P = 0.003), and great correlation was found between tissue CK19 protein expression and saliva Cyfra 21-1 concentration (P = 0.051). Conclusions: Increased CK19 expression in OSCC tissues plays an important role in the increase of saliva Cyfra 21-1 concentration. Potential clinical value of saliva Cyfra 21-1 detection is suggested for OSCC.
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2009
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm, with varying degrees of striated musc... more Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm, with varying degrees of striated muscle cell differentiation and a relative predilection for the head and neck region. The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical and histological patterns of RMS, to assess the sociodemographic profile of reported RMS cases, and to highlight the management challenges and outcomes of these cases in a country lacking resources such as Nigeria. Patients diagnosed with RMS, based on clinical and histological evaluation, and recorded in the cancer registry of two maxillofacial centres in Nigeria were reviewed. 21 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Their ages ranged from 24 days to 42 years. In all of them multiple anatomical sites were involved. The primary site of the lesion could not be determined. Embryonal and alveolar subtypes were mainly found in the maxilla. There was no statistically significant association between the site of the lesion and the histological type (p=0.39). The patients&amp;amp;amp;#39; age was statistically significantly associated with the histological type (p=0.008). Most patients reported at an advanced stage, contributing to the poor prognosis and management outcome of cases evaluated.
Annals of African Medicine, 2012
Spontaneous bone regeneration is an uncommon condition following traumatic or iatrogenic bone los... more Spontaneous bone regeneration is an uncommon condition following traumatic or iatrogenic bone loss. The factors responsible for its occurrence are yet to be fully elucidated. This report presents spontaneous bone regeneration following mandibular resection for a giant odontogenic myxoma in a 16-years-old Nigerian male. New bone formation was observed at the postoperative fourth week and has continued for one year after. Likely factors that favor this occurrence are critically examined. The advantages of spontaneous bone regeneration in resource-poor settings include low biologic and economic costs as compared to bone grafting.
Traffic Injury Prevention, 2009
This 12-month prospective multi-center study was designed to ascertain the entire injury profile,... more This 12-month prospective multi-center study was designed to ascertain the entire injury profile, injury severity, and risk factors in motorcycle injured Nigerian maxillofacial patients. With a validated investigator-administered questionnaire, we obtained data from motorcycle-injured in- and out-patients managed in the maxillofacial units of four Nigerian teaching hospitals. Standardized information on host factors, agent, and type of crash as well as location, type, and extent of injury were elicited. Injuries were scored using the Facial Injury Severity and Abbreviated Injury scales (FISS, AIS). A significant male preponderance was observed (p = 0.003) with peak age 21-30 years; 62.7% of the patients were riders. Alcohol/substance abuse was implicated in 31.2% of riders, fatigue in 13.5%, and bad roads in 17.6%. The rate of helmet use was 3%. The predominant type of crash was head-on collision (HOC) 58%). Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ranged from 5 to 15 with mean 13.3 (3.5); Facial Injury Severity Score (FISS) ranged from 1 to 11, mean 3.7 (1.9); and Abbreviated Injury Score was mostly 2. FISS was not significantly different between both genders (p = 0.26) and road types (p > 0.05). The mean FISS was greater with multiple passengers than with single or no passengers (p = 0.12) and lower with crashes involving motorcycles carrying heavier loads (p = 0.022). Six of the patients died (2.7% fatality) in the course of their hospitalization all within a month of injury. We advocate prompt legislation of a ban on greater than one passenger on a motorcycle, impaired (substance abuse) operation on a motorcycle, and stronger enforcement of speed limit and adoption of legislation that would make it mandatory to wear a full-face helmet when operating a motorcycle in Nigeria.
West Indian medical journal, 2006
A case of a six-week old boy with bilateral congenital fibrous intra-articular ankylosis of the t... more A case of a six-week old boy with bilateral congenital fibrous intra-articular ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is presented The literature is reviewed and limitations to management are highlighted.
West Indian medical journal, 2011
Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint following forceps delivery is a rare anomaly. The aetiop... more Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint following forceps delivery is a rare anomaly. The aetiopathogenesis involves wrongful application of the forceps or forceful closure of the forceps handle against the condyle with haemathrosis, organisation and subsequent ankylosis. Because of the lack of epidemiological data, there is little information about the true incidence and the management of this rare anomaly. The purpose of this presentation is to report the challenges encountered in the airway management of a six-year old female with right temporomandibular joint ankylosis following forceps delivery in a private hospital setting.
West Indian medical journal, 2011
Twenty-six patients (12 males and 14 females) between two days and 41 years old with temporomandi... more Twenty-six patients (12 males and 14 females) between two days and 41 years old with temporomandibular joint ankylosis were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-three joints were involved; 19 unilateral and six bilateral. The aetiologies were trauma, 69.2%; infection, 15.4%; unknown, 11.5% and congenital, 3.9. The majority, 31 were intracapsular while the remaining two joints were extracapsular 51.6% were limited to the condyle, 32.2% extended to the coronoid process and the zygomatic, 9.7% extended to the sigmoid notch while the remaining 6.5% had maxillomandibular fusion. Tracheostomy (48%) was the most common mode of intubation. Gap arthroplasty was carried out in 20 joints while 11 joints had interposition arthroplasty. Postoperative complications were seven anterior open bite, three facial nerve weakness, three infections and two recurrences.
Annals of African medicine, 2008
Annals of African medicine, 2008
The worldwide pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions has been rarely reported desp... more The worldwide pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions has been rarely reported despite its significance in head and neck medicine. The Niger Delta region comprises 9 of the 36 states in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. There are scanty reports on oral and maxillofacial surgical diseases from the region despite its 95% contribution to Nigeria's oil-revenue. This retrospective survey of oral/maxillofacial surgical cases seen at a referral center in Port Harcourt, a city in the Niger delta region of Nigeria. Between 2000 and 2004, our center offered specialized maxillofacial surgical services to 86 patients coming from 5 states in the Niger delta region. These patients made up 20% of all patients seen at the department within the period. There were 110 indications for surgical interventions. Most were complaints of trauma (46.4%). The rest were tumors and allied lesions (39.0%) and cysts (12.7%). Ratio of male to female patients was 1.7:1 while patients were aged betw...
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2011
Background: The worldwide pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions has been rarely r... more Background: The worldwide pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions has been rarely reported despite its significance in head and neck medicine. The Niger Delta region comprises 9 of the 36 states in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. There are scanty reports on oral and maxillofacial surgical diseases from the region despite its 95% contribution to Nigeria\'s oil-revenue. Methods: This retrospective survey of oral/maxillofacial surgical cases seen at a referral center in Port Harcourt, a city in the Niger delta region of Nigeria. Results: Between 2000 and 2004, our center offered specialized maxillofacial surgical services to 86 patients coming from 5 states in the Niger delta region. These patients made up 20% of all patients seen at the department within the period. There were 110 indications for surgical interventions. Most were complaints of trauma (46.4%). The rest were tumors and allied lesions (39.0%) and cysts (12.7%). Ratio of male to female patients was 1.7:...
Surgical Sciences Research Society, Zaria and Association of Surgeons of Nigeria, 2004
Background: Metastatic tumours make up approximately one per cent of all oral malignancies. Such ... more Background: Metastatic tumours make up approximately one per cent of all oral malignancies. Such tumours may present in the jawbones and oral soft tissues. The commonest oral site is the mandible. Nigerian reports of metastatic tumours to the jaws are very rare. Method: This is a retrospective study of six cases of metastatic tumours to the jaws seen at the Maxillofacial Unit, Ahmadu Bello University Hospital, Kaduna from1979-1998,representing 1% of all histologically confirmed malignant jaw tumours in the hospital. Results: Unlike in other reports, most (three of our six cases) originated from the thyroid gland while the rest were from the breast, uterus and the nasopharynx. More of our lesions occurred in the mandible (4) than the maxilla (2) and almost all patients presented with oral complaints oblivious of the primary malignancy. These complaints resemble those from odontogenic infections and benign neoplasms. The most common histological type of metastatic tumours in this study was the adenocarcinoma (50%). Conclusion: In view of the similarity in presentation of metastatic lesions to the jaws and other odontogenic tumours and even infections, a high index of clinical suspicion is advocated to ensure early, multidisciplinary care of patients.
There is no consensus on which imaging modality is better for the detection of metastatic cervica... more There is no consensus on which imaging modality is better for the detection of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in orofacial malignancies. This study evaluates the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) in diagnosis of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in orofacial cancer.
Relationship between Nutritional Status, Sweetened Foods Consumption and Prevalence of Cariogenicity with Associated Level of Risk in Adolescents- Case of Sabongari LGA Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria, 2020
The Nutritional status, frequency of sweetened foods consumption and prevalence of cariogenicity ... more The Nutritional status, frequency of sweetened foods consumption and prevalence of cariogenicity with its associated level of Risk in adolescents of Zaria, Kaduna Nigeria was investigated. The prevalence of malnutrition among the adolescents of the sampled population was 25.4%, while the Prevalence of dental caries was discovered to be 23.4%, with mean DMFT 0.39 and Significant Caries (SiC) Index of 0.66, presented as low with decayed tooth component found to be highest, reflecting high levels of Untreated caries, with 16.9% at Low Risk, 68.7% Moderate Risk and 14.3% High Risk of dental caries. More than half (76.6%) of the students were caries-free and the majority of those with dental caries experience were aged 16-19 (14.03%) and females (14.6%), Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a negative and very weak correlation (R<0.2), between nutritional status, sweetened foods consumption and caries occurrence. P-values (0.916 >0.05), with highest untreated cases recorded among Females (53.75%) and older adolescents 16-19 years (51.2%). In conclusion, although the frequency of sweetened foods consumption may not be significantly linked to nutritional status and the prevalence of cariogenicity, a portion of the adolescents are still at high and moderate risk levels of dental caries and malnutrition.
West African journal of medicine, Dec 30, 2021
Introduction: Odontogenic fibroma (OF) is a rare benign tumor of mesenchymal odontogenic tissue w... more Introduction: Odontogenic fibroma (OF) is a rare benign tumor of mesenchymal odontogenic tissue with variable global incidence. Two variants comprising extraosseous /peripheral (POF) and intraosseous /central (COF) have been identified based on the anatomical origin of the tumor. OF isslow growing, and often asymptomatic with characteristic radiographic appearance of a unilocular or multilocular cyst frequently associated with unerupted or displaced teeth while histologically, varying amount of inactive odontogenic epithelium embedded in a mature relatively dense collagenous stroma is diagnostic. The absence of odontogenic epithelium does not exclude the diagnosis of odontogenic fibroma. Case report: A 15 months old female presented with 3 months history of left lower jaw swelling which showed aggressive growth following incisional biopsy. Parents said lesion was noticed for the first time as pinpoint on the submandibular area and was too small to warrant any worries. Initial radiograph revealed absence of bony involvement but the second showed evidence of bony involvement. An impression of soft tissue sarcoma was made and incisional biopsy was sent for pathological diagnosis which revealed peripheral odontogenic fibroma. The rapidity of growth following incisional biopsy bellied a benign lesion. Conclusion: An aggressive odontogenic fibroma with multifocal points in a 15months old girl.
Journal of the West African College of Surgeons
A survey of temporomandibular joint
Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, 2004
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2007
CK19 mRNA level (P = 0.003), and great correlation was found between tissue CK19 protein expressi... more CK19 mRNA level (P = 0.003), and great correlation was found between tissue CK19 protein expression and saliva Cyfra 21-1 concentration (P = 0.051). Conclusions: Increased CK19 expression in OSCC tissues plays an important role in the increase of saliva Cyfra 21-1 concentration. Potential clinical value of saliva Cyfra 21-1 detection is suggested for OSCC.
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2009
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm, with varying degrees of striated musc... more Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm, with varying degrees of striated muscle cell differentiation and a relative predilection for the head and neck region. The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical and histological patterns of RMS, to assess the sociodemographic profile of reported RMS cases, and to highlight the management challenges and outcomes of these cases in a country lacking resources such as Nigeria. Patients diagnosed with RMS, based on clinical and histological evaluation, and recorded in the cancer registry of two maxillofacial centres in Nigeria were reviewed. 21 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Their ages ranged from 24 days to 42 years. In all of them multiple anatomical sites were involved. The primary site of the lesion could not be determined. Embryonal and alveolar subtypes were mainly found in the maxilla. There was no statistically significant association between the site of the lesion and the histological type (p=0.39). The patients&amp;amp;amp;#39; age was statistically significantly associated with the histological type (p=0.008). Most patients reported at an advanced stage, contributing to the poor prognosis and management outcome of cases evaluated.
Annals of African Medicine, 2012
Spontaneous bone regeneration is an uncommon condition following traumatic or iatrogenic bone los... more Spontaneous bone regeneration is an uncommon condition following traumatic or iatrogenic bone loss. The factors responsible for its occurrence are yet to be fully elucidated. This report presents spontaneous bone regeneration following mandibular resection for a giant odontogenic myxoma in a 16-years-old Nigerian male. New bone formation was observed at the postoperative fourth week and has continued for one year after. Likely factors that favor this occurrence are critically examined. The advantages of spontaneous bone regeneration in resource-poor settings include low biologic and economic costs as compared to bone grafting.
Traffic Injury Prevention, 2009
This 12-month prospective multi-center study was designed to ascertain the entire injury profile,... more This 12-month prospective multi-center study was designed to ascertain the entire injury profile, injury severity, and risk factors in motorcycle injured Nigerian maxillofacial patients. With a validated investigator-administered questionnaire, we obtained data from motorcycle-injured in- and out-patients managed in the maxillofacial units of four Nigerian teaching hospitals. Standardized information on host factors, agent, and type of crash as well as location, type, and extent of injury were elicited. Injuries were scored using the Facial Injury Severity and Abbreviated Injury scales (FISS, AIS). A significant male preponderance was observed (p = 0.003) with peak age 21-30 years; 62.7% of the patients were riders. Alcohol/substance abuse was implicated in 31.2% of riders, fatigue in 13.5%, and bad roads in 17.6%. The rate of helmet use was 3%. The predominant type of crash was head-on collision (HOC) 58%). Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ranged from 5 to 15 with mean 13.3 (3.5); Facial Injury Severity Score (FISS) ranged from 1 to 11, mean 3.7 (1.9); and Abbreviated Injury Score was mostly 2. FISS was not significantly different between both genders (p = 0.26) and road types (p > 0.05). The mean FISS was greater with multiple passengers than with single or no passengers (p = 0.12) and lower with crashes involving motorcycles carrying heavier loads (p = 0.022). Six of the patients died (2.7% fatality) in the course of their hospitalization all within a month of injury. We advocate prompt legislation of a ban on greater than one passenger on a motorcycle, impaired (substance abuse) operation on a motorcycle, and stronger enforcement of speed limit and adoption of legislation that would make it mandatory to wear a full-face helmet when operating a motorcycle in Nigeria.
West Indian medical journal, 2006
A case of a six-week old boy with bilateral congenital fibrous intra-articular ankylosis of the t... more A case of a six-week old boy with bilateral congenital fibrous intra-articular ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is presented The literature is reviewed and limitations to management are highlighted.
West Indian medical journal, 2011
Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint following forceps delivery is a rare anomaly. The aetiop... more Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint following forceps delivery is a rare anomaly. The aetiopathogenesis involves wrongful application of the forceps or forceful closure of the forceps handle against the condyle with haemathrosis, organisation and subsequent ankylosis. Because of the lack of epidemiological data, there is little information about the true incidence and the management of this rare anomaly. The purpose of this presentation is to report the challenges encountered in the airway management of a six-year old female with right temporomandibular joint ankylosis following forceps delivery in a private hospital setting.
West Indian medical journal, 2011
Twenty-six patients (12 males and 14 females) between two days and 41 years old with temporomandi... more Twenty-six patients (12 males and 14 females) between two days and 41 years old with temporomandibular joint ankylosis were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-three joints were involved; 19 unilateral and six bilateral. The aetiologies were trauma, 69.2%; infection, 15.4%; unknown, 11.5% and congenital, 3.9. The majority, 31 were intracapsular while the remaining two joints were extracapsular 51.6% were limited to the condyle, 32.2% extended to the coronoid process and the zygomatic, 9.7% extended to the sigmoid notch while the remaining 6.5% had maxillomandibular fusion. Tracheostomy (48%) was the most common mode of intubation. Gap arthroplasty was carried out in 20 joints while 11 joints had interposition arthroplasty. Postoperative complications were seven anterior open bite, three facial nerve weakness, three infections and two recurrences.
Annals of African medicine, 2008
Annals of African medicine, 2008
The worldwide pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions has been rarely reported desp... more The worldwide pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgical conditions has been rarely reported despite its significance in head and neck medicine. The Niger Delta region comprises 9 of the 36 states in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. There are scanty reports on oral and maxillofacial surgical diseases from the region despite its 95% contribution to Nigeria's oil-revenue. This retrospective survey of oral/maxillofacial surgical cases seen at a referral center in Port Harcourt, a city in the Niger delta region of Nigeria. Between 2000 and 2004, our center offered specialized maxillofacial surgical services to 86 patients coming from 5 states in the Niger delta region. These patients made up 20% of all patients seen at the department within the period. There were 110 indications for surgical interventions. Most were complaints of trauma (46.4%). The rest were tumors and allied lesions (39.0%) and cysts (12.7%). Ratio of male to female patients was 1.7:1 while patients were aged betw...