Elaine Carnegie | Edinburgh Napier University (original) (raw)

Papers by Elaine Carnegie

Asthma can be a serious and life-threatening condition for those in care and residential homes. Elaine Carnegie provides and overview of which symptoms to look for and how to treat those with asthma Asthma in older people: treatments, risks and recommendations

Asthma can be a serious and life-threatening condition for those in care and residential homes. E... more Asthma can be a serious and life-threatening condition for those in care and residential homes. Elaine Carnegie provides and overview of which symptoms to look for and how to treat those with asthma

‘Our bodies are not strong anymore’: a focus group study of health risk perception of ambient air pollution near a petrochemical industry

Journal of Public Health in Africa, May 30, 2023

Accounts of women identified as drinking at ‘high risk’ during pregnancy: A meta-ethnography of missing voices

International Journal of Drug Policy

International Journal of Public Health

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at synthesising epidemiological data on... more Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at synthesising epidemiological data on the association between long-term air pollution and kidney-related outcomes in oil and natural gas (ONG) situated communities.Methods: We synthesised studies using the PRISMA 2020 guideline. We searched databases including Medline, Cochrane Library, CIHANL, CAB s, Greenlife, African Journal Online, Google Scholar and Web of Science, from inception to April 2021. Heterogeneity across studies and publication bias were assessed.Results: Twenty-five studies were systematically reviewed but only 14 were included in the meta-analysis and categorised based on the outcome studied. Residents of exposed communities have increased risk for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.44–2.01), lower eGFR (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.48–0.67) and higher serum creatinine (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.06–1.82) compared to less exposed or unexposed populations. The risks for hypertension and kidney cancer between...

POS-303 Air Pollution and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Among Residents of Oil and Gas- Situated Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

Kidney International Reports, 2022

Critical discursive psychology as methodology for exploring ambivalence around the HPV vaccine amongst marginalised groups

The European health psychologist, 2016

Background: Public vaccinations rely on individual acceptance and uptake. The Human Papilloma Vir... more Background: Public vaccinations rely on individual acceptance and uptake. The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine was introduced internationally to protect against common strands of the HPV virus which can lead to cervical cancer, and other male cancers. Preadolescent females are primarily targeted by vaccine campaigns, although some countries have included males. Ethnicity, intellectual disability and gender remain unexplored in the HPV literature. Qualitative, critical discursive methodologies are underutilised in public health psychology and can provide rich socio-cultural understandings around vaccine ambivalence. This paper presents methodological insights around the contributions of a qualitative, critical discursive methodology for understandings around the HPV vaccine by marginalised groups. Method: Critical discursive psychology informed the design and analysis for a larger study which focused on young people’s (aged 16-26) constructions of the HPV vaccine in Scotland. Youn...

Young men with intellectual disabilities, the HPV vaccine, and constructions of sexual health risk

The European health psychologist, 2016

Background: The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine was introduced internationally in order to pr... more Background: The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine was introduced internationally in order to provide a vaccine against common strands of the HPV virus which is implicated in cervical and other cancers. Substantial literature explores attitudes and meanings of young people towards HPV vaccination. Young people with an intellectual disability, however, have been absent and are neglected within sexual health literature generally, despite being sexually active. Recent vaccine debates in the UK centre on decisions about expanding the HPV vaccine to include boys in the schedule and thus it is important to include young men’s perspectives. The aim of this study was to explore how young men with intellectual disabilities construct meanings around HPV and the HPV vaccine. Methods: Three qualitative focus group discussions utilising activity-oriented questions were conducted to explore meanings around the HPV virus and HPV vaccine amongst young men with intellectual disabilities aged 16-22 ...

Improving the management of asthma in older adults

Nursing Standard, Nov 27, 2013

Older people with asthma are a discrete patient group that requires specialist nursing skills and... more Older people with asthma are a discrete patient group that requires specialist nursing skills and knowledge. They have specific and sometimes hidden needs that will affect their quality of life unless these are addressed by caring and competent nurses who have an interest in asthma. It is necessary to focus on both asthma and ageing to help older people achieve good asthma outcomes. This article discusses the complex physical, social and psychological issues affecting people with asthma aged 64 or older, age-related risk factors for poor control, age-related barriers to assessment and treatment, the scope of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, and principal treatment outcomes. Providing high quality services and information will equip older people to manage their asthma more effectively, attain physical and mental wellbeing, and lead to fewer hospitalisations and fatal episodes in this group.

Left in the dark about asthma

Nursing Older People, Nov 1, 2013

ABSTRACT

Research Square (Research Square), Nov 15, 2022

Background Ambient air pollution has persisted in many communities resulting in chronic human exp... more Background Ambient air pollution has persisted in many communities resulting in chronic human exposure to unhealthy pollutants. Epidemiological studies on air pollution have been mainly quantitative with a dearth of information on health risk perception, a key component of environmental health risk management. The aim of this qualitative study was to illuminate the health risk perception of ambient air pollution amongst persons residing near a petrochemical industry. In addition, determine their perception of existing control measures and ideas for more effective control. Methods A focus group study of residents near a petrochemical re nery. Participants were purposively selected based on age, sex, long-term residence in the community, occupation, and involvement with community leadership. Three 90mins face-to-face focus groups and one individual interview were conducted while observing COVID-19 safety precautions. The moderator guided discussions using a pre-formed topic guide. All discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed manually and coded using NVivo software. Data analysis was conducted using re ective thematic analysis proposed by Braun and Clarke. Results Twenty-four adults agreed to participate; 23 in three focus groups and one individual interview. Six themes were inductively generated from the data as follows: Negative perception of the environment, the re nery is to blame, Air pollution is seen or smelt, Air pollution is associated with health and non-health risks, Poor response to air pollution: everyone is to blame, and Government is primarily responsible for healthy air quality. The participants perceived their ambient air was polluted mainly by activities of petrochemical industries, but were not aware of the extent of its potential health implications. Key suggestions for air pollution control included stopping gas aring, regulating tanker drivers and illegal artisanal re neries, environmental health education, dissemination of research ndings to stakeholders, access to affordable health care and providing incentives for community members Conclusions Participants perceive their ambient air was unhealthy, however concern about the health risks was shaped by demographic, socioeconomic and other contextual factors. Existing mitigating efforts were perceived as inadequate and the key barriers were poor environmental health literacy and political factors. More inclusive and collaborative approaches are required for improved environmental and public health.

European Journal of Public Health, 2016

Developing the community environmental health role of the nurse

British journal of community nursing, 2010

This paper is a report from one phase of an exploratory case study. It investigated the environme... more This paper is a report from one phase of an exploratory case study. It investigated the environmental health concerns of members of communities within one city in the North East of Scotland. Individual interviews with stakeholders (n=21) and four focus groups were conducted with a convenience sample of community nurses (n=19). Community nurse participants believed that their environmental health role remains underdeveloped. They indicated that they do not view the NHS as a resource for environmental health information. An environmental role is constrained by the NHS not being perceived as a source of information or expert in environmental health. They described limited contact between community nurses and public health medicine and uncertainty and conflict of interest between clinical groups regarding the scope of an environmental health role. Policy makers could support the development of an environmental advocacy role--a pilot of this is required.

Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2009

Title. Being and doing politics: an outdated model or 21st century reality? Aim. This paper prese... more Title. Being and doing politics: an outdated model or 21st century reality? Aim. This paper presents a discussion of how critical social theory can be used as a tool for research, reflection and exploration of the political role of the nurse. Background. Sociological theory can be used to examine ideologies within nursing systems in order to contribute to the future development of the profession. The importance of critical social theory has been identified in the literature as being directly relevant to holism which is central to the nature of nursing. Data sources. Texts published in English were identified from 1990 to 2008 using the keywords critical social theory, community nursing, political advocacy, social justice, sociological theory, health inequalities, health democracy, equity and inequality. Discussion. Critical social theory can be used as a tool to highlight ethical ways to practise nursing. One reason for examination of the community nurse's political role is a shift in focus from the individual as patient to communities experiencing health inequalities. Nursing needs to decide whether the profession will work at the political level, and where advocacy and citizenship are located within a community role. Conclusion. Nurse educators must prepare nurses for political participation, and nurse managers need to focus on national and local contexts in order to encourage policy analysis and community engagement within nursing practice. An understanding of critical social theory can aid decision-making in relation to global and local policy, enable the nursing profession to respond to social injustice, and permit nurses to work with communities in the pursuit of community health.

European Journal of Public Health, 2016

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022

Over the last three decades, researchers have investigated population density and health outcomes... more Over the last three decades, researchers have investigated population density and health outcomes at differing scale. There has not been a systematic review conducted in order to synthesise this evidence. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed quantitative evidence published since 1990 on population density and non-communicable disease (NCD) within Westernised countries. Fifty-four studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated utilising a quality assessment tool for ecological studies. High population density appears to be associated with higher mortality rates of a range of cancers, cardiovascular disease and COPD, and a higher incidence of a range of cancers, asthma and club foot. In contrast, diabetes incidence was found to be associated with low population density. High and low population density are therefore risk markers for a range of NCDs, indicating that there are unidentified factors and mechan...

Thorax, 2008

1 ++ High quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias... more 1 ++ High quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias 1 + Well conducted meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a low risk of bias 1 - Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a high risk of bias 2 ++ High quality systematic reviews of case control or cohort studies High quality case control or cohort studies with a very low risk of confounding or bias and a high probability that the relationship is causal 2 + Well conducted case control or cohort studies with a low risk of confounding or bias and a moderate probability that the relationship is causal 2 - Case control or cohort studies with a high risk of confounding or bias and a significant risk that the relationship is not causal Contents 1 Introduction .

Using Foucauldian Discourse Analysis to Analyze Young Women’s Constructions of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

Health Education Journal

Objective: To examine cultural barriers and participant solutions regarding acceptance and uptake... more Objective: To examine cultural barriers and participant solutions regarding acceptance and uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine from the perspective of Black African, White-Caribbean, Arab, Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani young people. Methods: In total, 40 young people from minority ethnic communities in Scotland took part in a qualitative study, involving seven focus groups and four paired interviews, to explore their views and experiences of the HPV vaccine. Using critical discursive psychology, the analysis focused on young people's accounts of barriers and enablers to information, access and uptake of the HPV vaccination programme. Results: Participants suggested innovative strategies to tackle intergenerational concerns, information design and accessibility, and public health communications across diverse contexts. A cross-cultural community engagement model was developed, embracing diversity and contradiction across different ethnic groups. This included four interrelated strategies: providing targeted and flexible information for young people, vaccine provision across the life-course, intergenerational information and specific cross-cultural communications. Conclusion: This is the first HPV cross-cultural model inductively derived from accounts of young people from different ethnic communities. We recommend public health practitioners and policymakers consider using the processes and strategies within this model to increase dialogue around public engagement, awareness and receptivity towards HPV vaccination.

Older People with Asthma: A General Practice Perspective. Selected abstracts from the PCRS-UK National Primary Care Respiratory Conference, Telford, October 2013

ABSTRACT

Caring for adults with a learning disability

British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)

ABSTRACT

Asthma can be a serious and life-threatening condition for those in care and residential homes. Elaine Carnegie provides and overview of which symptoms to look for and how to treat those with asthma Asthma in older people: treatments, risks and recommendations

Asthma can be a serious and life-threatening condition for those in care and residential homes. E... more Asthma can be a serious and life-threatening condition for those in care and residential homes. Elaine Carnegie provides and overview of which symptoms to look for and how to treat those with asthma

‘Our bodies are not strong anymore’: a focus group study of health risk perception of ambient air pollution near a petrochemical industry

Journal of Public Health in Africa, May 30, 2023

Accounts of women identified as drinking at ‘high risk’ during pregnancy: A meta-ethnography of missing voices

International Journal of Drug Policy

International Journal of Public Health

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at synthesising epidemiological data on... more Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at synthesising epidemiological data on the association between long-term air pollution and kidney-related outcomes in oil and natural gas (ONG) situated communities.Methods: We synthesised studies using the PRISMA 2020 guideline. We searched databases including Medline, Cochrane Library, CIHANL, CAB s, Greenlife, African Journal Online, Google Scholar and Web of Science, from inception to April 2021. Heterogeneity across studies and publication bias were assessed.Results: Twenty-five studies were systematically reviewed but only 14 were included in the meta-analysis and categorised based on the outcome studied. Residents of exposed communities have increased risk for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.44–2.01), lower eGFR (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.48–0.67) and higher serum creatinine (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.06–1.82) compared to less exposed or unexposed populations. The risks for hypertension and kidney cancer between...

POS-303 Air Pollution and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Among Residents of Oil and Gas- Situated Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

Kidney International Reports, 2022

Critical discursive psychology as methodology for exploring ambivalence around the HPV vaccine amongst marginalised groups

The European health psychologist, 2016

Background: Public vaccinations rely on individual acceptance and uptake. The Human Papilloma Vir... more Background: Public vaccinations rely on individual acceptance and uptake. The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine was introduced internationally to protect against common strands of the HPV virus which can lead to cervical cancer, and other male cancers. Preadolescent females are primarily targeted by vaccine campaigns, although some countries have included males. Ethnicity, intellectual disability and gender remain unexplored in the HPV literature. Qualitative, critical discursive methodologies are underutilised in public health psychology and can provide rich socio-cultural understandings around vaccine ambivalence. This paper presents methodological insights around the contributions of a qualitative, critical discursive methodology for understandings around the HPV vaccine by marginalised groups. Method: Critical discursive psychology informed the design and analysis for a larger study which focused on young people’s (aged 16-26) constructions of the HPV vaccine in Scotland. Youn...

Young men with intellectual disabilities, the HPV vaccine, and constructions of sexual health risk

The European health psychologist, 2016

Background: The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine was introduced internationally in order to pr... more Background: The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine was introduced internationally in order to provide a vaccine against common strands of the HPV virus which is implicated in cervical and other cancers. Substantial literature explores attitudes and meanings of young people towards HPV vaccination. Young people with an intellectual disability, however, have been absent and are neglected within sexual health literature generally, despite being sexually active. Recent vaccine debates in the UK centre on decisions about expanding the HPV vaccine to include boys in the schedule and thus it is important to include young men’s perspectives. The aim of this study was to explore how young men with intellectual disabilities construct meanings around HPV and the HPV vaccine. Methods: Three qualitative focus group discussions utilising activity-oriented questions were conducted to explore meanings around the HPV virus and HPV vaccine amongst young men with intellectual disabilities aged 16-22 ...

Improving the management of asthma in older adults

Nursing Standard, Nov 27, 2013

Older people with asthma are a discrete patient group that requires specialist nursing skills and... more Older people with asthma are a discrete patient group that requires specialist nursing skills and knowledge. They have specific and sometimes hidden needs that will affect their quality of life unless these are addressed by caring and competent nurses who have an interest in asthma. It is necessary to focus on both asthma and ageing to help older people achieve good asthma outcomes. This article discusses the complex physical, social and psychological issues affecting people with asthma aged 64 or older, age-related risk factors for poor control, age-related barriers to assessment and treatment, the scope of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, and principal treatment outcomes. Providing high quality services and information will equip older people to manage their asthma more effectively, attain physical and mental wellbeing, and lead to fewer hospitalisations and fatal episodes in this group.

Left in the dark about asthma

Nursing Older People, Nov 1, 2013

ABSTRACT

Research Square (Research Square), Nov 15, 2022

Background Ambient air pollution has persisted in many communities resulting in chronic human exp... more Background Ambient air pollution has persisted in many communities resulting in chronic human exposure to unhealthy pollutants. Epidemiological studies on air pollution have been mainly quantitative with a dearth of information on health risk perception, a key component of environmental health risk management. The aim of this qualitative study was to illuminate the health risk perception of ambient air pollution amongst persons residing near a petrochemical industry. In addition, determine their perception of existing control measures and ideas for more effective control. Methods A focus group study of residents near a petrochemical re nery. Participants were purposively selected based on age, sex, long-term residence in the community, occupation, and involvement with community leadership. Three 90mins face-to-face focus groups and one individual interview were conducted while observing COVID-19 safety precautions. The moderator guided discussions using a pre-formed topic guide. All discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed manually and coded using NVivo software. Data analysis was conducted using re ective thematic analysis proposed by Braun and Clarke. Results Twenty-four adults agreed to participate; 23 in three focus groups and one individual interview. Six themes were inductively generated from the data as follows: Negative perception of the environment, the re nery is to blame, Air pollution is seen or smelt, Air pollution is associated with health and non-health risks, Poor response to air pollution: everyone is to blame, and Government is primarily responsible for healthy air quality. The participants perceived their ambient air was polluted mainly by activities of petrochemical industries, but were not aware of the extent of its potential health implications. Key suggestions for air pollution control included stopping gas aring, regulating tanker drivers and illegal artisanal re neries, environmental health education, dissemination of research ndings to stakeholders, access to affordable health care and providing incentives for community members Conclusions Participants perceive their ambient air was unhealthy, however concern about the health risks was shaped by demographic, socioeconomic and other contextual factors. Existing mitigating efforts were perceived as inadequate and the key barriers were poor environmental health literacy and political factors. More inclusive and collaborative approaches are required for improved environmental and public health.

European Journal of Public Health, 2016

Developing the community environmental health role of the nurse

British journal of community nursing, 2010

This paper is a report from one phase of an exploratory case study. It investigated the environme... more This paper is a report from one phase of an exploratory case study. It investigated the environmental health concerns of members of communities within one city in the North East of Scotland. Individual interviews with stakeholders (n=21) and four focus groups were conducted with a convenience sample of community nurses (n=19). Community nurse participants believed that their environmental health role remains underdeveloped. They indicated that they do not view the NHS as a resource for environmental health information. An environmental role is constrained by the NHS not being perceived as a source of information or expert in environmental health. They described limited contact between community nurses and public health medicine and uncertainty and conflict of interest between clinical groups regarding the scope of an environmental health role. Policy makers could support the development of an environmental advocacy role--a pilot of this is required.

Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2009

Title. Being and doing politics: an outdated model or 21st century reality? Aim. This paper prese... more Title. Being and doing politics: an outdated model or 21st century reality? Aim. This paper presents a discussion of how critical social theory can be used as a tool for research, reflection and exploration of the political role of the nurse. Background. Sociological theory can be used to examine ideologies within nursing systems in order to contribute to the future development of the profession. The importance of critical social theory has been identified in the literature as being directly relevant to holism which is central to the nature of nursing. Data sources. Texts published in English were identified from 1990 to 2008 using the keywords critical social theory, community nursing, political advocacy, social justice, sociological theory, health inequalities, health democracy, equity and inequality. Discussion. Critical social theory can be used as a tool to highlight ethical ways to practise nursing. One reason for examination of the community nurse's political role is a shift in focus from the individual as patient to communities experiencing health inequalities. Nursing needs to decide whether the profession will work at the political level, and where advocacy and citizenship are located within a community role. Conclusion. Nurse educators must prepare nurses for political participation, and nurse managers need to focus on national and local contexts in order to encourage policy analysis and community engagement within nursing practice. An understanding of critical social theory can aid decision-making in relation to global and local policy, enable the nursing profession to respond to social injustice, and permit nurses to work with communities in the pursuit of community health.

European Journal of Public Health, 2016

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022

Over the last three decades, researchers have investigated population density and health outcomes... more Over the last three decades, researchers have investigated population density and health outcomes at differing scale. There has not been a systematic review conducted in order to synthesise this evidence. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed quantitative evidence published since 1990 on population density and non-communicable disease (NCD) within Westernised countries. Fifty-four studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated utilising a quality assessment tool for ecological studies. High population density appears to be associated with higher mortality rates of a range of cancers, cardiovascular disease and COPD, and a higher incidence of a range of cancers, asthma and club foot. In contrast, diabetes incidence was found to be associated with low population density. High and low population density are therefore risk markers for a range of NCDs, indicating that there are unidentified factors and mechan...

Thorax, 2008

1 ++ High quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias... more 1 ++ High quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias 1 + Well conducted meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a low risk of bias 1 - Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a high risk of bias 2 ++ High quality systematic reviews of case control or cohort studies High quality case control or cohort studies with a very low risk of confounding or bias and a high probability that the relationship is causal 2 + Well conducted case control or cohort studies with a low risk of confounding or bias and a moderate probability that the relationship is causal 2 - Case control or cohort studies with a high risk of confounding or bias and a significant risk that the relationship is not causal Contents 1 Introduction .

Using Foucauldian Discourse Analysis to Analyze Young Women’s Constructions of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

Health Education Journal

Objective: To examine cultural barriers and participant solutions regarding acceptance and uptake... more Objective: To examine cultural barriers and participant solutions regarding acceptance and uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine from the perspective of Black African, White-Caribbean, Arab, Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani young people. Methods: In total, 40 young people from minority ethnic communities in Scotland took part in a qualitative study, involving seven focus groups and four paired interviews, to explore their views and experiences of the HPV vaccine. Using critical discursive psychology, the analysis focused on young people's accounts of barriers and enablers to information, access and uptake of the HPV vaccination programme. Results: Participants suggested innovative strategies to tackle intergenerational concerns, information design and accessibility, and public health communications across diverse contexts. A cross-cultural community engagement model was developed, embracing diversity and contradiction across different ethnic groups. This included four interrelated strategies: providing targeted and flexible information for young people, vaccine provision across the life-course, intergenerational information and specific cross-cultural communications. Conclusion: This is the first HPV cross-cultural model inductively derived from accounts of young people from different ethnic communities. We recommend public health practitioners and policymakers consider using the processes and strategies within this model to increase dialogue around public engagement, awareness and receptivity towards HPV vaccination.

Older People with Asthma: A General Practice Perspective. Selected abstracts from the PCRS-UK National Primary Care Respiratory Conference, Telford, October 2013

ABSTRACT

Caring for adults with a learning disability

British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)

ABSTRACT