Olivier Vitrac | National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA) (original) (raw)

Papers by Olivier Vitrac

Food Research International, 2016

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2005

The aim of this study was to propose an alternative nondeterministic and non-parametric technique... more The aim of this study was to propose an alternative nondeterministic and non-parametric technique for describing continuous variation in modulus of elasticity (E) within and between stems. The material studied consisted of hybrid Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla=Eucalyptus grandis) stems felled at the age of 59 months. Samples for measuring E were taken along a diameter slab at 1.30 m above ground. The results showed that the proposed reconstruction technique is consistent compared to results from other studies on Eucalyptus. E increases from pith to bark, following a polynomial distribution. Local and tree-averaged E increased with cambial age, following a sigmoidal profile that can be described with five characteristic parameters (E at pith, E at inflection point, E after inflection point, cambial age when latency period ends, and cambial age at inflection point). The tree contributes little to the total variation. The most important changes in E value were found with increasing radial position, with this effect eight-fold more important than the tree effect.

Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2017

Towards a general D model using generalized Free Volume Theory: polyesters and other polymers .. ... more Towards a general D model using generalized Free Volume Theory: polyesters and other polymers .. 6. International Symposium on Food Packaging: Scientific Developments supporting safety and innovation

MATEC web of conferences, 2023

European and national environmental protection policies have programmed the forthcoming end of si... more European and national environmental protection policies have programmed the forthcoming end of single-use plastics, including food packaging. Because plastic materials account for 50% of plastic waste, closed-loop recycling seems imperative. Still, plastics other than PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) are not widely recycled for food contact due to safety concerns. Among them, postconsumer polyolefins are heavily formulated, degraded, and contaminated by the previously contacting product. Using recycled materials behind a functional barrier (FB) could resolve the issue under specific provisions, but neither the European regulation nor the US FDA offer guidance concerning functional barriers evaluation and use. Mathematical modeling is the only viable method recognized by European and American agencies to evaluate recycled material under usage conditions. This study numerically explores the possibility of combining two effects: decontamination of the recycled material and a functional barrier to allow safe use of the recycled material. 1-Introduction The circularity of food packaging is part of the European Green Deal pact and Directive (EU) 2019/904. The end of single-use plastic packaging is planned in Europe. In France, the new anti-waste law N°220-105 imposes the return to food contact of all plastic packaging from January 1 st 2025. Recycled materials intended to be in contact with food must be as inert as virgin food-contact materials, as stated in the EU Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 and must comply with a strict evaluation of recycling processes by the European Food Safety Authority (regulation (EC) 282/2008). According to the European Commission, the current rules are not favorable to the development of the circular economy (Ellen MacArthur Foundation 2020). Nowadays, only PET is authorized globally within the European Union. The polymer is relatively low formulated and glassy, all grades are initially suitable for food contact and contamination levels in post-consumer PETs remain low (3 mg/kg value accepted as a maximum (Franz and Welle 2020)). Nevertheless, recycled PET alone cannot replace all packaging applications. It is appropriate for packaging beverages in bottles (water, sodas, acid juices) but not adapted to applications requiring hot filling, pasteurization, sterilization, and vacuum cooking. The reason is that the glass transition temperature of PET is between 76°C and 81°C, which means that it cannot be used above 72°C. Other polymers, particularly polyolefins, isotactic polypropylene, and highdensity polyethylene, should be used to cover at least 2/3 of the current plastic packaging applications. They have extremely varied origins, they are highly formulated, and only additives belonging to the positive list of the EU regulation (EC) 10/2011 and not causing excessive migration are authorized for food contact. Post-consumer polyolefins are more contaminated by chemicals and higher molecular weight compounds, with a decreasing efficiency of decontamination (vacuum evaporation) as the molecular weight increases (Palkopoulou et al. 2016). Therefore, they have far less favorable opinions from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the US FDA (Geueke et al. 2018). Reconciling environmental and health safety objectives requires exploring alternative uses for recycled material,

MATEC web of conferences, 2023

si vous avez besoin d'un fichier accessible aux personnes handicapées. Les fichiers mis à disposi... more si vous avez besoin d'un fichier accessible aux personnes handicapées. Les fichiers mis à disposition des évaluateurs par ConfTool Pro sont soumis à un filtre qui supprime le nom des auteurs. Ce filtre efface hélas également les informations à destination des lecteurs d'écran. Ce filtre peut néanmoins être désactivé par les organisateurs très facilement en cas de besoin.

The aim of this document is to assist users of diffusion models to predict conservative, upper bo... more The aim of this document is to assist users of diffusion models to predict conservative, upper bound specific migration values from plastic food contact materials for compliance purposes by providing guidance on the relevant input parameters. This document replaces the previous version "Estimation of specific migration by generally recognised diffusion models in support of EU Directive 2002/72/EC" and updates to the current legal basis (Regulation (EU) No 10/2011) and enables the use of migration models for the estimation of specific migration from plastic multi-layers. This document represents the current validity of the model input parameters based on constant periodical evaluations of new experimental migration data performed by the Task Force on Migration Modelling chaired by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission on behalf of Directorate General Health and Food Safety. The members of the Task Force are E.

Springer eBooks, 2020

The development of functional additives for packaging polymers starting for byproducts of the agr... more The development of functional additives for packaging polymers starting for byproducts of the agriculture and food industry is a very active research field. Different examples are discussed concerning the formulation of polylactides (PLA) in the aim to increase ductility and barrier properties or developing active packaging using byproducts of the vegetable oil industry and lignocellulosic materials. Moreover, the potential of the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from agricultural byproducts is shown and recent results concerning their blending with auxiliary polymers in the aim to obtain packaging materials. Notwithstanding the renewable origin of such novel technological adjuvants for packaging materials, their safety must be ensured and they need to comply with existing regulations. The fundamental principles and means for risk management are summed up. When performance and safety is designed together, there is a high potential for the from agriculture and food industry to contribute to the development of new packaging systems safer for consumers and environment.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 8, 2019

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jan 30, 2020

The contamination of substances originating from materials used for handling, transportation, pro... more The contamination of substances originating from materials used for handling, transportation, production and packaging of food evolved from a problem specific to plastics to a global challenge crossing the entire supply chain and borders. The recurring crises involving non-specifically regulated materials (coatings/varnishes, printing inks, adhesives, paper and board…) as well as the growing concern for endocrine substances and cocktail effects acting at low doses contributed to the recent turn. In this perspective, the ca. nine thousand substances entering in the composition of seventeen groups of food contact materials represent a very significant contributionif not the largestto the total human exposome. The talk will show that crises from plastics to mineral oils are rooted to the same cause: a repeated misunderstanding of mass transfer and thermodynamics. Among presented examples, new evidences confirmed that the real migration into aqueous foods [1] and dairy products [2] are underestimated; the rapid redistribution of contaminants between materials before food contact does not justify a safety management on a sole material basis or by separating materials in contact from those which are not [3]. Mass transfer without contact are almost universal [4, 5] and occur as soon as time-temperature conditions are met [6-8]. New risk assessment and management approaches will be consistently suggested, including an evolution of the scientific background of professionals working in the food and packaging industry [9-11].

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 1, 2020

Predictive methodologies to evaluate the migration from food contact materials offer numerous adv... more Predictive methodologies to evaluate the migration from food contact materials offer numerous advantages compared to experimental testing. The results can be obtained in real-time without delay and without consideration of detection or quantification limits. They do not require any analytical standards and can be applied in routine to unknown compounds, such as breakdown products, cross-contamination, and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS). They can accommodate real conditions instead of accelerated ones, and they can be used in forensic analysis to track the causes of unattended contaminations. The main benefits of migration modeling are, however elsewhere; it can be applied at virtually no cost and without requiring the finished product to be available. It can be, therefore, integrated at the early stages of packaging design, polymer formulation, additive design, process optimization, and combined along with other preventive approaches, such as ecodesign and life-cycle assessment. In essence, modeling is holistic and could virtually cover many aspects of product shelf-life, environmental impacts, and safety issues to reach a global optimum. The results can be expressed either in deterministic or probabilistic manners.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2012

Le synchrotron SOLEIL, un centre de recherches et un outil au service des scientifiques Les modal... more Le synchrotron SOLEIL, un centre de recherches et un outil au service des scientifiques Les modalités d'accès à

Food Research International, Nov 1, 2023

Polymer Testing, Jul 1, 2023

Food and Bioproducts Processing, Mar 1, 2023

Food Research International, 2016

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2005

The aim of this study was to propose an alternative nondeterministic and non-parametric technique... more The aim of this study was to propose an alternative nondeterministic and non-parametric technique for describing continuous variation in modulus of elasticity (E) within and between stems. The material studied consisted of hybrid Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla=Eucalyptus grandis) stems felled at the age of 59 months. Samples for measuring E were taken along a diameter slab at 1.30 m above ground. The results showed that the proposed reconstruction technique is consistent compared to results from other studies on Eucalyptus. E increases from pith to bark, following a polynomial distribution. Local and tree-averaged E increased with cambial age, following a sigmoidal profile that can be described with five characteristic parameters (E at pith, E at inflection point, E after inflection point, cambial age when latency period ends, and cambial age at inflection point). The tree contributes little to the total variation. The most important changes in E value were found with increasing radial position, with this effect eight-fold more important than the tree effect.

Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2017

Towards a general D model using generalized Free Volume Theory: polyesters and other polymers .. ... more Towards a general D model using generalized Free Volume Theory: polyesters and other polymers .. 6. International Symposium on Food Packaging: Scientific Developments supporting safety and innovation

MATEC web of conferences, 2023

European and national environmental protection policies have programmed the forthcoming end of si... more European and national environmental protection policies have programmed the forthcoming end of single-use plastics, including food packaging. Because plastic materials account for 50% of plastic waste, closed-loop recycling seems imperative. Still, plastics other than PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) are not widely recycled for food contact due to safety concerns. Among them, postconsumer polyolefins are heavily formulated, degraded, and contaminated by the previously contacting product. Using recycled materials behind a functional barrier (FB) could resolve the issue under specific provisions, but neither the European regulation nor the US FDA offer guidance concerning functional barriers evaluation and use. Mathematical modeling is the only viable method recognized by European and American agencies to evaluate recycled material under usage conditions. This study numerically explores the possibility of combining two effects: decontamination of the recycled material and a functional barrier to allow safe use of the recycled material. 1-Introduction The circularity of food packaging is part of the European Green Deal pact and Directive (EU) 2019/904. The end of single-use plastic packaging is planned in Europe. In France, the new anti-waste law N°220-105 imposes the return to food contact of all plastic packaging from January 1 st 2025. Recycled materials intended to be in contact with food must be as inert as virgin food-contact materials, as stated in the EU Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 and must comply with a strict evaluation of recycling processes by the European Food Safety Authority (regulation (EC) 282/2008). According to the European Commission, the current rules are not favorable to the development of the circular economy (Ellen MacArthur Foundation 2020). Nowadays, only PET is authorized globally within the European Union. The polymer is relatively low formulated and glassy, all grades are initially suitable for food contact and contamination levels in post-consumer PETs remain low (3 mg/kg value accepted as a maximum (Franz and Welle 2020)). Nevertheless, recycled PET alone cannot replace all packaging applications. It is appropriate for packaging beverages in bottles (water, sodas, acid juices) but not adapted to applications requiring hot filling, pasteurization, sterilization, and vacuum cooking. The reason is that the glass transition temperature of PET is between 76°C and 81°C, which means that it cannot be used above 72°C. Other polymers, particularly polyolefins, isotactic polypropylene, and highdensity polyethylene, should be used to cover at least 2/3 of the current plastic packaging applications. They have extremely varied origins, they are highly formulated, and only additives belonging to the positive list of the EU regulation (EC) 10/2011 and not causing excessive migration are authorized for food contact. Post-consumer polyolefins are more contaminated by chemicals and higher molecular weight compounds, with a decreasing efficiency of decontamination (vacuum evaporation) as the molecular weight increases (Palkopoulou et al. 2016). Therefore, they have far less favorable opinions from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the US FDA (Geueke et al. 2018). Reconciling environmental and health safety objectives requires exploring alternative uses for recycled material,

MATEC web of conferences, 2023

si vous avez besoin d'un fichier accessible aux personnes handicapées. Les fichiers mis à disposi... more si vous avez besoin d'un fichier accessible aux personnes handicapées. Les fichiers mis à disposition des évaluateurs par ConfTool Pro sont soumis à un filtre qui supprime le nom des auteurs. Ce filtre efface hélas également les informations à destination des lecteurs d'écran. Ce filtre peut néanmoins être désactivé par les organisateurs très facilement en cas de besoin.

The aim of this document is to assist users of diffusion models to predict conservative, upper bo... more The aim of this document is to assist users of diffusion models to predict conservative, upper bound specific migration values from plastic food contact materials for compliance purposes by providing guidance on the relevant input parameters. This document replaces the previous version "Estimation of specific migration by generally recognised diffusion models in support of EU Directive 2002/72/EC" and updates to the current legal basis (Regulation (EU) No 10/2011) and enables the use of migration models for the estimation of specific migration from plastic multi-layers. This document represents the current validity of the model input parameters based on constant periodical evaluations of new experimental migration data performed by the Task Force on Migration Modelling chaired by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission on behalf of Directorate General Health and Food Safety. The members of the Task Force are E.

Springer eBooks, 2020

The development of functional additives for packaging polymers starting for byproducts of the agr... more The development of functional additives for packaging polymers starting for byproducts of the agriculture and food industry is a very active research field. Different examples are discussed concerning the formulation of polylactides (PLA) in the aim to increase ductility and barrier properties or developing active packaging using byproducts of the vegetable oil industry and lignocellulosic materials. Moreover, the potential of the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from agricultural byproducts is shown and recent results concerning their blending with auxiliary polymers in the aim to obtain packaging materials. Notwithstanding the renewable origin of such novel technological adjuvants for packaging materials, their safety must be ensured and they need to comply with existing regulations. The fundamental principles and means for risk management are summed up. When performance and safety is designed together, there is a high potential for the from agriculture and food industry to contribute to the development of new packaging systems safer for consumers and environment.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 8, 2019

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jan 30, 2020

The contamination of substances originating from materials used for handling, transportation, pro... more The contamination of substances originating from materials used for handling, transportation, production and packaging of food evolved from a problem specific to plastics to a global challenge crossing the entire supply chain and borders. The recurring crises involving non-specifically regulated materials (coatings/varnishes, printing inks, adhesives, paper and board…) as well as the growing concern for endocrine substances and cocktail effects acting at low doses contributed to the recent turn. In this perspective, the ca. nine thousand substances entering in the composition of seventeen groups of food contact materials represent a very significant contributionif not the largestto the total human exposome. The talk will show that crises from plastics to mineral oils are rooted to the same cause: a repeated misunderstanding of mass transfer and thermodynamics. Among presented examples, new evidences confirmed that the real migration into aqueous foods [1] and dairy products [2] are underestimated; the rapid redistribution of contaminants between materials before food contact does not justify a safety management on a sole material basis or by separating materials in contact from those which are not [3]. Mass transfer without contact are almost universal [4, 5] and occur as soon as time-temperature conditions are met [6-8]. New risk assessment and management approaches will be consistently suggested, including an evolution of the scientific background of professionals working in the food and packaging industry [9-11].

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 1, 2020

Predictive methodologies to evaluate the migration from food contact materials offer numerous adv... more Predictive methodologies to evaluate the migration from food contact materials offer numerous advantages compared to experimental testing. The results can be obtained in real-time without delay and without consideration of detection or quantification limits. They do not require any analytical standards and can be applied in routine to unknown compounds, such as breakdown products, cross-contamination, and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS). They can accommodate real conditions instead of accelerated ones, and they can be used in forensic analysis to track the causes of unattended contaminations. The main benefits of migration modeling are, however elsewhere; it can be applied at virtually no cost and without requiring the finished product to be available. It can be, therefore, integrated at the early stages of packaging design, polymer formulation, additive design, process optimization, and combined along with other preventive approaches, such as ecodesign and life-cycle assessment. In essence, modeling is holistic and could virtually cover many aspects of product shelf-life, environmental impacts, and safety issues to reach a global optimum. The results can be expressed either in deterministic or probabilistic manners.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2012

Le synchrotron SOLEIL, un centre de recherches et un outil au service des scientifiques Les modal... more Le synchrotron SOLEIL, un centre de recherches et un outil au service des scientifiques Les modalités d'accès à

Food Research International, Nov 1, 2023

Polymer Testing, Jul 1, 2023

Food and Bioproducts Processing, Mar 1, 2023