Philippe Delacote | National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA) (original) (raw)
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Papers by Philippe Delacote
Le Modèle de Secteur Forestier Français (MSFF) représente à la fois la dynamique économique du se... more Le Modèle de Secteur Forestier Français (MSFF) représente à la fois la dynamique économique du secteur forestier et la dynamique de la ressource forestière française. Pour cela il est construit sur la base de deux modules interconnectés. Tout d'abord, un module économique représente les comportements des consommateurs et des producteurs de produits bois dans un modèle en équilibre partiel. Ce module représente la demande de produits bruts w, leur transformation en produits transformés p et la demande pour ces produits transformés. Le module de dynamique de la ressource quant à lui représente le stock forestier en forêt et sa dynamique. Le module économique et le module de ressource sont doublement liés. Premièrement la dynamique biologique dépend des taux de récoltes donnés par le module économique. Deuxièmement, dans le module économique, les fonctions d'offre de bois brut dépendent de la quantité de bois disponible en forêt. Le MSFF est un outil de référence pour modéliser les implications des politiques climatiques sur le secteur forestier français. Jusqu'à présent il a été utilisé pour (1) modéliser les conséquences sur la filière de politiques stimulant la consommation de bois énergie dans un contexte d'incertitude sur la disponibilité de la ressource et (2) pour comparer les implications de deux politiques climatiques opposées : d'une part le paiement pour la séquestration du carbone en forêt et d'autre part la stimulation de la demande de bois énergie.
Resource and Energy Economics, 2011
Energy Policy, 2013
We compare the bio-economic impacts of policies to boost fuelwood consumption in France. We simul... more We compare the bio-economic impacts of policies to boost fuelwood consumption in France. We simulate a producer subsidy, a consumer subsidy and fixed public demand contracts. We explore their impacts until 2020 with a dynamic model of the forest sector. Producer subsidy reduces the trade balance deficit and decreases forest stock. Consumer subsidy increases consumer welfare and public contracts reduce budgetary costs.
In the context of climate change and of increasing energy prices, the share of fuelwood in primar... more In the context of climate change and of increasing energy prices, the share of fuelwood in primary energy consumption may increase, especially in countries with large forest endowments. However, larger fuelwood consumption may have non-negligible impacts on forest sectors. This paper assesses those impacts for France using a new model of the French forest sector, and comparing four different policy options to boost fuelwood demand. First, supply- and demand-side policies yield very different outcomes, with a trade-off between trade balance and harvest intensity. Second, even a modest increase in fuelwood consumption leads to tensions over forest stock over time under pessimistic views about resource availability.
Journal of Forest Economics, 2011
As European countries move towards steeper cuts in greenhouse gases emissions, questions are moun... more As European countries move towards steeper cuts in greenhouse gases emissions, questions are mounting, in the forest sector, about the best balance between policies that favor carbon sequestration in biomass, and policies that favor fossil-fuel substitution, with potentially conflicting implications for forest management. We provide insights on this debate by comparing the environmental and economic implications for the French forest sector of a "stock" policy (payment for sequestration in situ), a "substitution" policy (subsidy to fuelwood consumption), and a combination thereof -all calibrated on the same price of carbon. To do so, we use the French Forest Sector Model (FFSM), which combines a dynamic model of French timber resource and a dynamic partial-equilibrium model of the French forest sector. Simulations over the 2010-2020 period show that the stock policy is the only one that performs better than business-as-usual in terms of carbon. In the substitution policy, cumulative substitution benefits are not sufficient to offset carbon losses in standing forests over this biologically short, but politically relevant period of time. And the combination policy does not perform better. However, the stock policy has negative impacts on consumers welfare, its costs are increasing over time as carbon is accumulated, and it raises political economy questions about the negotiability of the reference against which excess carbon is measured.
Journal of Forest Economics, 2013
ABSTRACT As France works out its plan to tackle climate change issues, questions are arising in t... more ABSTRACT As France works out its plan to tackle climate change issues, questions are arising in the forest sector as to how sectoral mitigation programs such as those designed to enhance fuelwood consumption or to stimulate in-forest carbon sequestration may coincide with an inter-sectoral program such as an economy-wide carbon tax. This paper provides insights into this question by exploring the impacts of (1) a combination of a carbon tax and a fuelwood policy, and (2) a combination of a carbon tax and a sequestration policy on (i) the economy of the forest sector, and (ii) the dynamics of the forest resource. To do this, we used a modified version of the French Forest Sector Model (FFSM) and carried out simulations on a 2020 time horizon. Basing our analysis on the fuelwood sector, we showed that wood producers always benefit from the combination of a carbon tax with either a fuelwood policy or a sequestration policy at the national level. Conversely, and although it favors wood products instead of non-wood substitutes, a carbon tax always decreases consumer surpluses by increasing wood product prices. As a consequence, the combination of a carbon tax with sectoral policies is likely to raise questions about the political economy of the mitigation program. This is particularly true in the case of a combination of a carbon tax with a sequestration policy, which already decreases consumer surpluses. We eventually showed that by increasing transport costs between domestic regions, the carbon tax reallocates production patterns over French territory which could lead to the necessity of a regional breakdown of policy-mixes in the forest sector.
Ecological Modelling, 2015
Forests can contribute to climate mitigation by sequestrating carbon in forest biomass and by rep... more Forests can contribute to climate mitigation by sequestrating carbon in forest biomass and by replacing fuelwood with fossil-fuel, with potentially conflicting implications for forest management. The present paper assesses the mitigation and the economic impacts of a "stock" policy (subsidy to fuelwood consumption), a "substitution" policy (payment for sequestration in situ), and a combination thereof on the French forest sector. The policies are consistent in that they are based on the same social cost of carbon. To do so, we use the French Forest Sector Model (FFSM), which combines a dynamic model of French timber resource, and a dynamic partialequilibrium model of the French forest sector. Simulations show that over the 2010-2020 period, the stock policy is the only one that performs better than Business As Usual (BAU) in terms of carbon. Over this period of time, the cumulative substitution benefits of the substitution policy are not sufficient to offset the loss of carbon in standing forests. However, the stock policy has also negative impacts on consumers welfare, and increasingly high costs as carbon in excess of BAU is accumulated in forests. Combining both policies brings intermediate results and is thus less effective than focusing on a single policy.
Working Papers Cahiers Du Lef, 2010
Le Modèle de Secteur Forestier Français (MSFF) représente à la fois la dynamique économique du se... more Le Modèle de Secteur Forestier Français (MSFF) représente à la fois la dynamique économique du secteur forestier et la dynamique de la ressource forestière française. Pour cela il est construit sur la base de deux modules interconnectés. Tout d'abord, un module économique représente les comportements des consommateurs et des producteurs de produits bois dans un modèle en équilibre partiel. Ce module représente la demande de produits bruts w, leur transformation en produits transformés p et la demande pour ces produits transformés. Le module de dynamique de la ressource quant à lui représente le stock forestier en forêt et sa dynamique. Le module économique et le module de ressource sont doublement liés. Premièrement la dynamique biologique dépend des taux de récoltes donnés par le module économique. Deuxièmement, dans le module économique, les fonctions d'offre de bois brut dépendent de la quantité de bois disponible en forêt. Le MSFF est un outil de référence pour modéliser les implications des politiques climatiques sur le secteur forestier français. Jusqu'à présent il a été utilisé pour (1) modéliser les conséquences sur la filière de politiques stimulant la consommation de bois énergie dans un contexte d'incertitude sur la disponibilité de la ressource et (2) pour comparer les implications de deux politiques climatiques opposées : d'une part le paiement pour la séquestration du carbone en forêt et d'autre part la stimulation de la demande de bois énergie.
Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2015
Journal of Forest Economics, 2016
This paper explores the influence of scale effects and corruption on forest harvesting.
Non-timber forest products (NTFP) are commonly used by poor agricultural households of developing... more Non-timber forest products (NTFP) are commonly used by poor agricultural households of developing countries to smooth their consumption and to cope with agricultural risk. This paper explores the potential implications of this safety-net use on the landuse choice and labor allocation. We consider that the land-use is a long-run choice variable, while labor allocation is a short-term choice variable. In this context, it appears that risk reduction may have two opposite implications. In the short run, risk reduction tends to reduce the pressure on common resource extraction, while in the long run, risk reduction may tend to increase deforestation.
Environment and Development Economics, 2007
Incompleteness of insurance markets is a crucial weakness of developing countries.
Environment and Development Economics, 2009
Le Modèle de Secteur Forestier Français (MSFF) représente à la fois la dynamique économique du se... more Le Modèle de Secteur Forestier Français (MSFF) représente à la fois la dynamique économique du secteur forestier et la dynamique de la ressource forestière française. Pour cela il est construit sur la base de deux modules interconnectés. Tout d'abord, un module économique représente les comportements des consommateurs et des producteurs de produits bois dans un modèle en équilibre partiel. Ce module représente la demande de produits bruts w, leur transformation en produits transformés p et la demande pour ces produits transformés. Le module de dynamique de la ressource quant à lui représente le stock forestier en forêt et sa dynamique. Le module économique et le module de ressource sont doublement liés. Premièrement la dynamique biologique dépend des taux de récoltes donnés par le module économique. Deuxièmement, dans le module économique, les fonctions d'offre de bois brut dépendent de la quantité de bois disponible en forêt. Le MSFF est un outil de référence pour modéliser les implications des politiques climatiques sur le secteur forestier français. Jusqu'à présent il a été utilisé pour (1) modéliser les conséquences sur la filière de politiques stimulant la consommation de bois énergie dans un contexte d'incertitude sur la disponibilité de la ressource et (2) pour comparer les implications de deux politiques climatiques opposées : d'une part le paiement pour la séquestration du carbone en forêt et d'autre part la stimulation de la demande de bois énergie.
Resource and Energy Economics, 2011
Energy Policy, 2013
We compare the bio-economic impacts of policies to boost fuelwood consumption in France. We simul... more We compare the bio-economic impacts of policies to boost fuelwood consumption in France. We simulate a producer subsidy, a consumer subsidy and fixed public demand contracts. We explore their impacts until 2020 with a dynamic model of the forest sector. Producer subsidy reduces the trade balance deficit and decreases forest stock. Consumer subsidy increases consumer welfare and public contracts reduce budgetary costs.
In the context of climate change and of increasing energy prices, the share of fuelwood in primar... more In the context of climate change and of increasing energy prices, the share of fuelwood in primary energy consumption may increase, especially in countries with large forest endowments. However, larger fuelwood consumption may have non-negligible impacts on forest sectors. This paper assesses those impacts for France using a new model of the French forest sector, and comparing four different policy options to boost fuelwood demand. First, supply- and demand-side policies yield very different outcomes, with a trade-off between trade balance and harvest intensity. Second, even a modest increase in fuelwood consumption leads to tensions over forest stock over time under pessimistic views about resource availability.
Journal of Forest Economics, 2011
As European countries move towards steeper cuts in greenhouse gases emissions, questions are moun... more As European countries move towards steeper cuts in greenhouse gases emissions, questions are mounting, in the forest sector, about the best balance between policies that favor carbon sequestration in biomass, and policies that favor fossil-fuel substitution, with potentially conflicting implications for forest management. We provide insights on this debate by comparing the environmental and economic implications for the French forest sector of a "stock" policy (payment for sequestration in situ), a "substitution" policy (subsidy to fuelwood consumption), and a combination thereof -all calibrated on the same price of carbon. To do so, we use the French Forest Sector Model (FFSM), which combines a dynamic model of French timber resource and a dynamic partial-equilibrium model of the French forest sector. Simulations over the 2010-2020 period show that the stock policy is the only one that performs better than business-as-usual in terms of carbon. In the substitution policy, cumulative substitution benefits are not sufficient to offset carbon losses in standing forests over this biologically short, but politically relevant period of time. And the combination policy does not perform better. However, the stock policy has negative impacts on consumers welfare, its costs are increasing over time as carbon is accumulated, and it raises political economy questions about the negotiability of the reference against which excess carbon is measured.
Journal of Forest Economics, 2013
ABSTRACT As France works out its plan to tackle climate change issues, questions are arising in t... more ABSTRACT As France works out its plan to tackle climate change issues, questions are arising in the forest sector as to how sectoral mitigation programs such as those designed to enhance fuelwood consumption or to stimulate in-forest carbon sequestration may coincide with an inter-sectoral program such as an economy-wide carbon tax. This paper provides insights into this question by exploring the impacts of (1) a combination of a carbon tax and a fuelwood policy, and (2) a combination of a carbon tax and a sequestration policy on (i) the economy of the forest sector, and (ii) the dynamics of the forest resource. To do this, we used a modified version of the French Forest Sector Model (FFSM) and carried out simulations on a 2020 time horizon. Basing our analysis on the fuelwood sector, we showed that wood producers always benefit from the combination of a carbon tax with either a fuelwood policy or a sequestration policy at the national level. Conversely, and although it favors wood products instead of non-wood substitutes, a carbon tax always decreases consumer surpluses by increasing wood product prices. As a consequence, the combination of a carbon tax with sectoral policies is likely to raise questions about the political economy of the mitigation program. This is particularly true in the case of a combination of a carbon tax with a sequestration policy, which already decreases consumer surpluses. We eventually showed that by increasing transport costs between domestic regions, the carbon tax reallocates production patterns over French territory which could lead to the necessity of a regional breakdown of policy-mixes in the forest sector.
Ecological Modelling, 2015
Forests can contribute to climate mitigation by sequestrating carbon in forest biomass and by rep... more Forests can contribute to climate mitigation by sequestrating carbon in forest biomass and by replacing fuelwood with fossil-fuel, with potentially conflicting implications for forest management. The present paper assesses the mitigation and the economic impacts of a "stock" policy (subsidy to fuelwood consumption), a "substitution" policy (payment for sequestration in situ), and a combination thereof on the French forest sector. The policies are consistent in that they are based on the same social cost of carbon. To do so, we use the French Forest Sector Model (FFSM), which combines a dynamic model of French timber resource, and a dynamic partialequilibrium model of the French forest sector. Simulations show that over the 2010-2020 period, the stock policy is the only one that performs better than Business As Usual (BAU) in terms of carbon. Over this period of time, the cumulative substitution benefits of the substitution policy are not sufficient to offset the loss of carbon in standing forests. However, the stock policy has also negative impacts on consumers welfare, and increasingly high costs as carbon in excess of BAU is accumulated in forests. Combining both policies brings intermediate results and is thus less effective than focusing on a single policy.
Working Papers Cahiers Du Lef, 2010
Le Modèle de Secteur Forestier Français (MSFF) représente à la fois la dynamique économique du se... more Le Modèle de Secteur Forestier Français (MSFF) représente à la fois la dynamique économique du secteur forestier et la dynamique de la ressource forestière française. Pour cela il est construit sur la base de deux modules interconnectés. Tout d'abord, un module économique représente les comportements des consommateurs et des producteurs de produits bois dans un modèle en équilibre partiel. Ce module représente la demande de produits bruts w, leur transformation en produits transformés p et la demande pour ces produits transformés. Le module de dynamique de la ressource quant à lui représente le stock forestier en forêt et sa dynamique. Le module économique et le module de ressource sont doublement liés. Premièrement la dynamique biologique dépend des taux de récoltes donnés par le module économique. Deuxièmement, dans le module économique, les fonctions d'offre de bois brut dépendent de la quantité de bois disponible en forêt. Le MSFF est un outil de référence pour modéliser les implications des politiques climatiques sur le secteur forestier français. Jusqu'à présent il a été utilisé pour (1) modéliser les conséquences sur la filière de politiques stimulant la consommation de bois énergie dans un contexte d'incertitude sur la disponibilité de la ressource et (2) pour comparer les implications de deux politiques climatiques opposées : d'une part le paiement pour la séquestration du carbone en forêt et d'autre part la stimulation de la demande de bois énergie.
Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2015
Journal of Forest Economics, 2016
This paper explores the influence of scale effects and corruption on forest harvesting.
Non-timber forest products (NTFP) are commonly used by poor agricultural households of developing... more Non-timber forest products (NTFP) are commonly used by poor agricultural households of developing countries to smooth their consumption and to cope with agricultural risk. This paper explores the potential implications of this safety-net use on the landuse choice and labor allocation. We consider that the land-use is a long-run choice variable, while labor allocation is a short-term choice variable. In this context, it appears that risk reduction may have two opposite implications. In the short run, risk reduction tends to reduce the pressure on common resource extraction, while in the long run, risk reduction may tend to increase deforestation.
Environment and Development Economics, 2007
Incompleteness of insurance markets is a crucial weakness of developing countries.
Environment and Development Economics, 2009