Julien Tournebize | National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA) (original) (raw)
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Papers by Julien Tournebize
Visite terrain pour valider un des sites potentiels résultant du modèle INSPA (juin 2018).
Frontiers in Environmental Science
The aim of this study is to evaluate from a hydrological perspective and in the context of climat... more The aim of this study is to evaluate from a hydrological perspective and in the context of climate change the future of subsurface drainage of the La Jaillière site (western France), which is representative of the pedology of the majority of French subsurface drainage. We used a uniquely large and comprehensive range of 17 hydrological indicators (HIs), describing the temporal dynamics of drainage season, soil saturation, drained water balance and flood events. The HI values are calculated from simulated discharges provided by a subsurface drainage model, the SIDRA-RU model, fed by 12 climate projections from 1975 to 2100 (CMIP5 Euro-Cordex project), with three climate change scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. We first verified that the HIs simulated using climate projections in the SIDRA-RU model over the historical period were not critically biased compared to the HIs obtained from the reference climatic reanalysis (SAFRAN). Second, we a...
Bioelectrochemistry, 2021
Microbial electrochemical snorkel (MES) is a short-circuited microbial fuel cell applicable to wa... more Microbial electrochemical snorkel (MES) is a short-circuited microbial fuel cell applicable to water treatment that does not produce energy but requires lower cost for its implementation. Few reports have already described its water treatment capabilities but no deeper electrochemical analysis were yet performed. We tested various materials (iron, stainless steel and porous graphite) and configurations of snorkel in order to better understand the rules that will control in a wetland the mixed potential of this self-powered system. We designed a model snorkel that was studied in laboratory and on the field. We confirmed the development of MES by identifying anodic and cathodic parts, by measuring the current between them and by analyzing microbial ecology in laboratory and field experiments. An important application is denitrification of surface water. Here we discuss the influence of nitrate on its electrochemical response and denitrification performances. Introducing nitrate caused the increase of the mixed potential of MES and of current at a potential value relatively more positive than for nitrate-reducing biocathodes described in the literature. The major criteria for promoting application of MES in artificial wetland dedicated to mitigation of non-point source nitrate pollution from agricultural water are considered.
Ecosystem Services, 2020
Over the last decade, many researchers around the world have realized the importance for society ... more Over the last decade, many researchers around the world have realized the importance for society of the many services provided by soils, and a significant body of research has been devoted to estimating them using various types of proxies or relying on models. However, the field has suffered so far from a complete lack of actual measurements with which to evaluate available estimation methods. In this context, the key objective of the present research was to obtain, for the first time, direct measurements of several services provided by soils. The experimental site at which the research was carried out is an agricultural field located southwest of Paris (France), which presents the unique advantage that is it artificially drained, and therefore allows accurate mass balances to be computed over time for rain water, nutrients, and herbicides applied to the soil. A detailed methodology is presented to extract, from these data, quantitative measurements of 3 provisioning services (supply of water to nearby stream, provision of food by supplying, respectively, water and nitrogen to wheat crop), and 3 regulating services (flood mitigation, and filtration of, respectively, nutrients and herbicides). The results obtained with this methodology, and the relative significance of the different services are discussed. In particular, it is shown that, given the industrial-type of agriculture practiced at the site and its heavy reliance on fertilizers, the service related to the supply of nitrogen to the crops by the soil is not marginal, accounting for 22% of the total nitrogen consumption by the wheat. The availability of quantitative measures of selected soil services now paves the way for a detailed assessment of the various estimation methods currently in use, and the development of improved approaches.
A new method to estimate the biodegradation potential of S-metolachlor, in an artificial wetland ... more A new method to estimate the biodegradation potential of S-metolachlor, in an artificial wetland ecosystem (AWE) in Bray, France, was developed. For that propose, batch experiments were performed with sediments collected from AWE. The half-life of S-metolachlor was determined under biotic and abiotic conditions (sterile microcosms), aerobic and anoxic conditions and in the presence of different carbon sources (crush plants or acetate). One assay was performed without any carbon source. The results suggest that the S-metolachlor degradation is a biotic phenomenon catalyzed by microorganisms. There is a significant decrease of the half-lives in the biotic microcosm (15.5 days in the case of the aerobic microcosm and 20.5 days in the anoxic) comparing to the sterile microcosms (60.2 days in the case of the aerobic and 45.5 days in the anoxic) (P<0.05). Under aerobic and anoxic conditions the half-lives (12,6 ; 10,8 ; 22,9 et 21,2 ; 14,8 ; 25,7 days) do not show statistical differences (P<0.05). Furthermore, differences were not observed between the assays performed with different carbon sources. Probably due to the absence of cometabolism or simply to the degradation of other carbon sources that could be present in the sediments. The bacterial community dynamics during the experimental period was monitored. The results showed differences between the ARISA profiles during the experiment and also between the different assays. A new band appeared in the ARISA profiles for the microcosms incubated with Smetolachlor, probably corresponding to a new bacterial population, in the presence of crush plants and acetate.
En 2006, la France se classait au deuxième rang des pays européens pour sa consommation d’antibio... more En 2006, la France se classait au deuxième rang des pays européens pour sa consommation d’antibiotiques avec 1295 tonnes consommées en médecine vétérinaire et 729 tonnes en médecine humaine (Goossens et al., 2005, AFSSA, 2006). Bien qu’il n’existe pas actuellement de réglementation concernant leur niveau de présence dans les rejets et l’environnement, ces données justifient l’intérêt et la nécessité de définir les sources et le mode de transfert de ces substances pharmaceutiques, afin d’obtenir une meilleure caractérisation de la présence de ces molécules et de leur comportement dans l’environnement. Au cours de la phase V du programme PIREN-Seine, un premier état des lieux de la contamination en médicaments de la Seine a été réalisé, ensuite nous nous sommes intéressés aux sources et aux devenir des antibiotiques dans le réseau hydrographique. Ce rapport présente les travaux d’Eau de Paris et résume les travaux de thèse de F. Tamtam (2008) et T. Dinh (soutenance prévue fin 2011)
INRAE UR-Reversaal, Mar 30, 2020
En application de la directive Nitrate et en réponse aux conclusions du Grenelle de l'Environ... more En application de la directive Nitrate et en réponse aux conclusions du Grenelle de l'Environnement, la généralisation de la couverture automnale des sols dans l'ensemble des "zones vulnérables" était prévue pour fin 2012. Il s'agit d'implanter une culture dite "intermédiaire" après la récolte de la culture principale afin de piéger le nitrate restant dans le sol et d'éviter ainsi la pollution des eaux. L'objectif de l'étude commanditée par les Ministères de l'Agriculture et de l'Environnement était de préciser les conditions de mises en place de ces cultures intermédiaires et d'estimer leur efficacité en terme de "piège à nitrate" pour une large gamme de sols et de climats en France, en comparaison à d'autres techniques de gestion de l'interculture (résidus, repousses). Elle avait également pour but de synthétiser les impacts de ces cultures sur d'autres processus abiotiques (bilan d'eau, érosion,...
Résultats des simulations du site 12
Résultats des simulations du site 14
Résultats des simulations du site 2
Visite terrain pour valider un des sites potentiels résultant du modèle INSPA (juin 2018).
Frontiers in Environmental Science
The aim of this study is to evaluate from a hydrological perspective and in the context of climat... more The aim of this study is to evaluate from a hydrological perspective and in the context of climate change the future of subsurface drainage of the La Jaillière site (western France), which is representative of the pedology of the majority of French subsurface drainage. We used a uniquely large and comprehensive range of 17 hydrological indicators (HIs), describing the temporal dynamics of drainage season, soil saturation, drained water balance and flood events. The HI values are calculated from simulated discharges provided by a subsurface drainage model, the SIDRA-RU model, fed by 12 climate projections from 1975 to 2100 (CMIP5 Euro-Cordex project), with three climate change scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. We first verified that the HIs simulated using climate projections in the SIDRA-RU model over the historical period were not critically biased compared to the HIs obtained from the reference climatic reanalysis (SAFRAN). Second, we a...
Bioelectrochemistry, 2021
Microbial electrochemical snorkel (MES) is a short-circuited microbial fuel cell applicable to wa... more Microbial electrochemical snorkel (MES) is a short-circuited microbial fuel cell applicable to water treatment that does not produce energy but requires lower cost for its implementation. Few reports have already described its water treatment capabilities but no deeper electrochemical analysis were yet performed. We tested various materials (iron, stainless steel and porous graphite) and configurations of snorkel in order to better understand the rules that will control in a wetland the mixed potential of this self-powered system. We designed a model snorkel that was studied in laboratory and on the field. We confirmed the development of MES by identifying anodic and cathodic parts, by measuring the current between them and by analyzing microbial ecology in laboratory and field experiments. An important application is denitrification of surface water. Here we discuss the influence of nitrate on its electrochemical response and denitrification performances. Introducing nitrate caused the increase of the mixed potential of MES and of current at a potential value relatively more positive than for nitrate-reducing biocathodes described in the literature. The major criteria for promoting application of MES in artificial wetland dedicated to mitigation of non-point source nitrate pollution from agricultural water are considered.
Ecosystem Services, 2020
Over the last decade, many researchers around the world have realized the importance for society ... more Over the last decade, many researchers around the world have realized the importance for society of the many services provided by soils, and a significant body of research has been devoted to estimating them using various types of proxies or relying on models. However, the field has suffered so far from a complete lack of actual measurements with which to evaluate available estimation methods. In this context, the key objective of the present research was to obtain, for the first time, direct measurements of several services provided by soils. The experimental site at which the research was carried out is an agricultural field located southwest of Paris (France), which presents the unique advantage that is it artificially drained, and therefore allows accurate mass balances to be computed over time for rain water, nutrients, and herbicides applied to the soil. A detailed methodology is presented to extract, from these data, quantitative measurements of 3 provisioning services (supply of water to nearby stream, provision of food by supplying, respectively, water and nitrogen to wheat crop), and 3 regulating services (flood mitigation, and filtration of, respectively, nutrients and herbicides). The results obtained with this methodology, and the relative significance of the different services are discussed. In particular, it is shown that, given the industrial-type of agriculture practiced at the site and its heavy reliance on fertilizers, the service related to the supply of nitrogen to the crops by the soil is not marginal, accounting for 22% of the total nitrogen consumption by the wheat. The availability of quantitative measures of selected soil services now paves the way for a detailed assessment of the various estimation methods currently in use, and the development of improved approaches.
A new method to estimate the biodegradation potential of S-metolachlor, in an artificial wetland ... more A new method to estimate the biodegradation potential of S-metolachlor, in an artificial wetland ecosystem (AWE) in Bray, France, was developed. For that propose, batch experiments were performed with sediments collected from AWE. The half-life of S-metolachlor was determined under biotic and abiotic conditions (sterile microcosms), aerobic and anoxic conditions and in the presence of different carbon sources (crush plants or acetate). One assay was performed without any carbon source. The results suggest that the S-metolachlor degradation is a biotic phenomenon catalyzed by microorganisms. There is a significant decrease of the half-lives in the biotic microcosm (15.5 days in the case of the aerobic microcosm and 20.5 days in the anoxic) comparing to the sterile microcosms (60.2 days in the case of the aerobic and 45.5 days in the anoxic) (P<0.05). Under aerobic and anoxic conditions the half-lives (12,6 ; 10,8 ; 22,9 et 21,2 ; 14,8 ; 25,7 days) do not show statistical differences (P<0.05). Furthermore, differences were not observed between the assays performed with different carbon sources. Probably due to the absence of cometabolism or simply to the degradation of other carbon sources that could be present in the sediments. The bacterial community dynamics during the experimental period was monitored. The results showed differences between the ARISA profiles during the experiment and also between the different assays. A new band appeared in the ARISA profiles for the microcosms incubated with Smetolachlor, probably corresponding to a new bacterial population, in the presence of crush plants and acetate.
En 2006, la France se classait au deuxième rang des pays européens pour sa consommation d’antibio... more En 2006, la France se classait au deuxième rang des pays européens pour sa consommation d’antibiotiques avec 1295 tonnes consommées en médecine vétérinaire et 729 tonnes en médecine humaine (Goossens et al., 2005, AFSSA, 2006). Bien qu’il n’existe pas actuellement de réglementation concernant leur niveau de présence dans les rejets et l’environnement, ces données justifient l’intérêt et la nécessité de définir les sources et le mode de transfert de ces substances pharmaceutiques, afin d’obtenir une meilleure caractérisation de la présence de ces molécules et de leur comportement dans l’environnement. Au cours de la phase V du programme PIREN-Seine, un premier état des lieux de la contamination en médicaments de la Seine a été réalisé, ensuite nous nous sommes intéressés aux sources et aux devenir des antibiotiques dans le réseau hydrographique. Ce rapport présente les travaux d’Eau de Paris et résume les travaux de thèse de F. Tamtam (2008) et T. Dinh (soutenance prévue fin 2011)
INRAE UR-Reversaal, Mar 30, 2020
En application de la directive Nitrate et en réponse aux conclusions du Grenelle de l'Environ... more En application de la directive Nitrate et en réponse aux conclusions du Grenelle de l'Environnement, la généralisation de la couverture automnale des sols dans l'ensemble des "zones vulnérables" était prévue pour fin 2012. Il s'agit d'implanter une culture dite "intermédiaire" après la récolte de la culture principale afin de piéger le nitrate restant dans le sol et d'éviter ainsi la pollution des eaux. L'objectif de l'étude commanditée par les Ministères de l'Agriculture et de l'Environnement était de préciser les conditions de mises en place de ces cultures intermédiaires et d'estimer leur efficacité en terme de "piège à nitrate" pour une large gamme de sols et de climats en France, en comparaison à d'autres techniques de gestion de l'interculture (résidus, repousses). Elle avait également pour but de synthétiser les impacts de ces cultures sur d'autres processus abiotiques (bilan d'eau, érosion,...
Résultats des simulations du site 12
Résultats des simulations du site 14
Résultats des simulations du site 2