Claudio Galmarini | National Institute of de Agricultural Technology (INTA) (original) (raw)

Papers by Claudio Galmarini

Crop science, Feb 20, 2024

RIA, Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Aug 25, 1994

Ornamental Horticulture, Mar 1, 2023

Green and variegated Benjamin fig (Ficus benjamina) often suffer from root restriction when grown... more Green and variegated Benjamin fig (Ficus benjamina) often suffer from root restriction when grown in pots. While exogenous cytokinin applications have proven effective in reversing this stress, the possibility that exogenous auxins, either alone or in combination with cytokinin, may also be helpful has received little attention. In this work, we analyse the response of green and variegated Ficus benjamina rooted cuttings growing in small pots to exogenous supply of auxin and cytokinin at different concentrations, either in single or combined applications. Our results show that both benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and indole acetic acid (IAA), at the highest concentration tested (100 mg L-1) increased leaf development and plant biomass accumulation in green and variegated Ficus genotypes. However, exogenous IAA and BAP appeared to elicit differential plant morpho-physiological responses. While BAP tended to enhance leaf appearance more than IAA did, the latter promoted leaf expansion in a steadier manner than BAP, thus resulting in plants with less, but larger, leaves than those treated with cytokinin. Despite these differences in plant architecture, regression analysis suggests that hormonal-induced growth promotion was solely attributable to enhanced carbon assimilation. Rather unexpectedly, IAA promoted net assimilation and photosynthesis rates at least as effectively as cytokinin. Possible mechanisms involved in growth and development promotion by exogenous application of both hormones are discussed. Auxin treatment may help overcome root restriction in Ficus as effectively as cytokinin in terms of growth promotion, although differences in plant architecture may arise as compared with plants sprayed with the latter hormone.

Effect of environmental factors on bee activity and onion (Allium cepa L.) seed yield Efecto de f... more Effect of environmental factors on bee activity and onion (Allium cepa L.) seed yield Efecto de factores ambientales en la actividad de la abeja y en el rendimiento de semilla de cebolla (Allium cepa L.

Roig, J.M.; Occhiuto, P.; Piccolo, R.J. y Galmarini, C.R. 2009. Evaluacion de resistencia a Phyto... more Roig, J.M.; Occhiuto, P.; Piccolo, R.J. y Galmarini, C.R. 2009. Evaluacion de resistencia a Phytophthora capsici Leo. en ger moplasma argentino de pimiento para pimenton. Horticultura Argentina 28(66): 5-9 La “tristeza del pimiento”, producida por Phytophthora capsi ci Leo. (P.c.), es una de las causas mas importantes de perdidas en cultivos de pimiento para pimenton en Argentina y hasta el momento no se emplean variedades resistentes. Recientemente se han colectado numerosas introducciones de pimiento para pimenton en Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar resistencia a P.c. en las introducciones colectadas. Mediante el metodo de las zoosporas se inocularon 32 introducciones de pimiento para pimenton. Se incluyeron dos lineas provenientes de Ucodulce INTA y una de Nuevo Mexico (Estados Unidos), Numex Garnet, como testigos susceptibles y las lineas SCM334 y Fyuco INTA como testigos resistentes. Se evaluo ademas una linea de pimiento Serrano que habia manifestado resistencia en condiciones de campo. Todas las introducciones resultaron esta disticamente diferentes de los genotipos resistentes SCM334 y Fyuco INTA. Sin embargo, entre las introducciones de pimien to para pimenton se observaron distintos grados de susceptibi lidad. Las dos lineas de Ucodulce INTA y Numex Garnet se ubicaron entre las introducciones mas susceptibles y Serrano entre las menos susceptibles. Se concluyo que no hay genotipos resistentes a la “tristeza” dentro del germoplasma “criollo” de pimiento para pimenton evaluado, pero si algunas introduccio nes que se comportan como menos susceptibles que las varie dades mas difundidas actualmente.

Revista De La Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias, Jul 7, 2021

Platelets are essential elements of human blood. In addition to their normal role, platelets are ... more Platelets are essential elements of human blood. In addition to their normal role, platelets are involved in causing myocardial infarction, stroke and other thrombotic disorders. Platelet activation in vivo, probably involves a combination of agonists. Garlic has beneficial effects due to its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of garlic extracts to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by different agonists and their mixtures in different donors. Significant differences were found in platelet aggregation in response to each agonist (P ≤ 0.05). The highest antiaggregatory effect was observed with arachidonic acid and the lowest effect with collagen-arachidonic acid mixture. Interaction effects between donor and agonist (or mixtures) were detected. The study showed the potential of aqueous garlic extracts to prevent platelet aggregation induced by different agonist.

Compendium of plant genomes, 2018

Allium species have been cultivated for thousands of years for its therapeutic properties, religi... more Allium species have been cultivated for thousands of years for its therapeutic properties, religious significance, taste and aroma. Most of the cultivated crops evolved from wild relatives that grow in central Asia. Nowadays, Alliums are major vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. The most important crops of this family are onion, garlic, shallot, leek and Japanese bunching onions. Worldwide the consumption of these vegetable crops is increasing, one of the reasons is consumer awareness of the potential of these vegetables to enhance health, to improve welfare and reduce the risk of diseases. In this chapter, the economic importance of the principal edible Alliums is described, information is given about the academic contribution to the knowledge of Allium crops in recent years, and also future challenges are mentioned, especially those related to plant breeding, genetics and genomics, that will contribute to increase yields, quality and to have a more sustainable production.

Acta horticulturae, Mar 1, 1994

Ornamental Horticulture, Jun 1, 2020

Benjamin fig (Ficus benjamina) is an important foliage and landscape crop species comprising gree... more Benjamin fig (Ficus benjamina) is an important foliage and landscape crop species comprising green and variegated genotypes. The latter develop leaves with yellow and white leaf areas which may impose lower photosynthetic activity, thus resulting in slower growth than green genotypes. In many species, the exogenous supply of cytokinin to pot-grown plants promotes growth, mainly due to enhanced carbon fixation. In this work, we analyze the effect of spraying the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on growth and development of green and variegated Ficus benjamina genotypes. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, in which either different number of BAP applications (Experiment 1) or different BAP concentrations (Experiment 2) were tested. In Experiment 2, plants were grown under three different light intensities. BAP sprays promoted rate of leaf appearance, leaf expansion and whole-plant growth, and the effect was stronger in variegated than in green plants. The relative growth rate promotion by BAP was associated with increased net assimilation rate rather than with variation in the leaf area ratio. On the other hand, shading had a more negative impact on growth and development of variegated plants than in green ones. Variegated plants, unlike green ones, developed leaves with high specific leaf area under the lowest light intensity. This led to high leaf area ratio values, which helped to maintain relative growth rates close to those of plants under moderate shading.

Horticultura Brasileira, Sep 1, 2018

T he Golden Pothos (Epipremnum aureum), a naturally variegated plant, is a tree-climbing vine nat... more T he Golden Pothos (Epipremnum aureum), a naturally variegated plant, is a tree-climbing vine native to the Solomon Islands. Golden Pothos varieties are among the most popular tropical ornamental hanging basket crops for interior landscape. In natural tropical settings, 'pothos' can grow to be large plants, producing leaves up to 90 cm in length. However, plants used for interior landscape purposes usually have heart-shaped leaves that rarely exceed 15 cm in length. Leaf size depends, among other factors, on how vines are trained. When plants grown in pots under commercial facilities are vertically supported, leaf size significantly increases in comparison to leaves from basket hanging plants (Di Benedetto et al., 2010). Native shade plants environments

Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2016

Consumption of onion has been associated with reduced incidence of chronic diseases. Phenolic, or... more Consumption of onion has been associated with reduced incidence of chronic diseases. Phenolic, organosulfur and carbohydrate compounds present are largely responsible for these effects. This study examined compositional variation for health-enhancing compounds in a genetically diverse collection of onion cultivars. Total antioxidant activity and aroma profiles were characterized. Significant variation in bulb concentration for total and individual phenolic compounds, thiosulfinates, carbohydrates, and total and soluble solids was found. The range of variation was particularly large (>50-fold difference between the cultivars with the highest and lowest content) for fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and the polyphenols quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate. Amino acid profiles varied significantly as well with substantial variation (~10 fold) observed in both total and essential amino acids. Total antioxidant activity was positively correlated with polyphenols content, and quercetin in particular (r = 0.83), suggesting a major contribution from phenolic compounds to onion antioxidant properties. Significant positive correlation was also found between solids and thiosulfinates content (r = 0.74) and between solids and FOS (r = 0.81), suggesting a dilution/concentration effect for organosulfur compounds and FOS in onion bulbs. The present study revealed broad variation for health-enhancing compounds content in # Both authors contribute equal to this work. * Corresponding author. E. M. Insani et al. 578 onion germplasm, which can be exploited in breeding programs aiming at increasing onion nutraceutical value.

Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2013

Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2015

SUMMARY We have analysed the effects of combined auxin and cytokinin treatments on whole plant gr... more SUMMARY We have analysed the effects of combined auxin and cytokinin treatments on whole plant growth and leaf development in Epipremnum aureum and compared both morphological and physiological variables to those obtained with a single hormone application. Rooted cuttings of E. aureum were sprayed with 0, 5, 50, or 100 mg I−1 indole-3- acetic acid (IAA) 7 d after transplanting. One week later, they were then sprayed with 0, 5, 50, or 100 mg I−1 benzylaminopurine (BAP). Whole plant growth, leaf development, carbon fixation, and leaf anatomy were recorded for 6 months after these sequential treatments. Following a single application of IAA or BAP, we observed an increase in the accumulation of whole-plant biomass, which reached a plateau at the highest concentration of either plant hormone. The promotion of growth was associated with increased rates of net C-assimilation and net photosynthesis, as well as with increased leaf thickness and the relative proportion of intracellular spaces in the mesophyll layer. The effect on leaves of applying both hormones, in different combinations and concentrations, resembled the results on whole plants obtained by spraying either the auxin or the cytokinin (at 50 or 100 mg I−1 BAP). Similarities in plant and leaf responses to the auxin and/or the cytokinin suggest that both hormones may act via the same pathway, which agreed with the well-known promotional effect of auxins on the development of new lateral roots, as root apices are the main site of cytokinin biosynthesis. Conversely, our results did not support the occurrence of a significant auxin-driven inhibition of cytokinin synthesis in root apices, at least for E. aureum, as reported in other species.

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2011

This study evaluates the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory properties of garlic (G) and onion... more This study evaluates the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory properties of garlic (G) and onion (O) in fructose-fed rats (FFR). Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were assigned to control (C), F (10% fructose in drinking water), F+T (tempol 1 mM as control antioxidant), F+G, and F+O. Aqueous G and O extracts were administered orally in doses of 150 and 400 mg/kg/d respectively, and along with tempol, were given during the last 8 weeks of a 14-week period. At the end of the study, FFR had developed insulin resistance, aortic NADPH oxidase activity, increased SBP, plasma TBARS and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in mesenteric arteries, and a decrease in heart endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Garlic and onion administration to F rats reduced oxidative stress, increased eNOS activity, and also attenuated VCAM-1 expression. These results provide new evidence showing the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of these vegetables.

Mycologia, 2012

Phytophthora capsici is a soilborne oomycete plant pathogen that limits pepper production worldwi... more Phytophthora capsici is a soilborne oomycete plant pathogen that limits pepper production worldwide. The population structure varies significantly depending on the location (e.g. Peru vs. USA) and little is known about the diversity of P. capsici in Argentina. Our objective was to assess the diversity of P. capsici in Argentina at key pepper production areas. Forty isolates were recovered 2006-2009 from pepper and one isolate from pumpkin at 11 locations. Isolates were assessed for mating type, mefenoxam sensitivity and multilocus single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype profiles. Ten isolates with identical SNP profiles also were genotyped with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. All 41 isolates had the A1 mating type and were sensitive to mefenoxam. Genotypic analysis using eight polymorphic SNP markers indicated 87% of the isolates had the same multilocus genotype, which is fixed for heterozygosity at seven of the eight SNP sites. AFLP analyses confirmed these findings, and overall it appears that clonal reproduction drives the population structure of P. capsici in Argentina. The implications for breeding resistant peppers and overall disease management are discussed.

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Mar 11, 2015

Scope-This study evaluated the capacity of dietary catechin (C), quercetin (Q) and the combinatio... more Scope-This study evaluated the capacity of dietary catechin (C), quercetin (Q) and the combination of both (CQ), to attenuate adipose inflammation triggered by high fructose (HFr) consumption in rats and by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods and results-In rats, HFr consumption for 6 wk caused dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, reduced plasma adiponectin, adiposity, and adipose tissue inflammation. Dietary supplementation with 20 mg/kg/d of C, Q and CQ improved all these parameters. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, C and Q attenuated TNFα-induced elevated protein carbonyls, increased proinflammatory cytokine expression (MCP-1, resistin), and decreased adiponectin. The protective effects of C and Q on adipose inflammation are in part associated with their capacity to: i) decrease the activation of the mitogen activated kinases (MAPKs) JNK and p38; and ii) prevent the downregulation of PPARγ. In summary, C and Q, and to a larger extent the combination of both, attenuated adipose pro-inflammatory signaling cascades and regulated the balance of molecules that improve (adiponectin) or impair (TNFα, MCP-1, resistin) insulin sensitivity. Conclusion-Together, these findings suggest that dietary Q and C may have potential benefits in mitigating MetS associated adipose inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance.

Acta horticulturae, Jun 1, 2001

Mercosur is the most prominent economic integration arrangement launched in Latin America over th... more Mercosur is the most prominent economic integration arrangement launched in Latin America over the past two decades. The members of the Mercosur (Southern Cone Common Market) are: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The agreement was implemented in 1991. In 1996 Chile signed a special trade agreement joining the Mercosur. More than 100,000 hectares of onions are grown in the countries of Mercosur, which produces more than 1,500,000 MT. Short, intermediate and long-day cultivars are used. The region exports onions mainly to the EEC, USA and Asia, but there is also an important market within the Mercosur. Onion seed production is also an important activity, mainly in Argentina and Chile. Scientific and technological research dealing with different aspects of the crop is being conducted in the region, and a scientific meeting of onion researchers working in the Mercosur is periodically held. The characteristics of onion production of the region, markets, and aspects related with research programs are discussed.

Crop Science, Aug 15, 2021

Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are the most used pollinators for onion (Allium cepa L.) seed produ... more Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are the most used pollinators for onion (Allium cepa L.) seed production. Two types of onion varieties are mainly grown worldwide: hybrids and open pollination (OP) cultivars. Although hybrids offer advantages to bulb growers, seed yields of hybrids are lower than OP cultivars. Since honeybees play a major role in onion pollination, understanding the contribution of the floral rewards to bee visitation is crucial to improve seed yield. The goal of this study is to establish the best moment for the introduction of honeybee hives into onion fields to increase seed yields. To reach this goal, the correlation between sugar compounds in nectar throughout the flowering period and honeybee foraging activity was determined. The sugar profile and bee visits were highly correlated, and fructose concentration was strongly linked to bee frequency of foraging on the onion umbels. The highest number of bee visits was recorded at 70% of flowering. Based on these results, beehives should be introduced once 40–50% of flowering is reached.

Data in Brief, Apr 1, 2017

We present data on absorption spectra (400-540 nm) and concentration of phenolic compounds querce... more We present data on absorption spectra (400-540 nm) and concentration of phenolic compounds quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, rutin, catechin, epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), in yellow, red and white onions. These data are related to the article entitled "Variability in spectrophotometric pyruvate analyses for predicting onion pungency and nutraceutical value" (Beretta et al., 2017) [1]. Given the relevance of pyruvate determinations for estimating onion pungency and functional value, it is important to identify compounds that can interfere with pyruvate determinations when using two previously published analytical procedures, namely Schwimmer and Weston (1961) (SW) [2] and Anthon and Barret (2002) (AB) [3], which are based on spectrophotometry and light-absorbance at 420 nm and 515 nm, respectively. The data presented in this article are absorption spectra for 7 onion phenolic compounds in the range 400-540 nm, which include wavelengths used by the two Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Acta horticulturae, Dec 1, 2012

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used as a medicinal agent for thousands of years. Attributes ... more Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used as a medicinal agent for thousands of years. Attributes like, antioxidant properties, heart disease prevention, including atherosclerosis, and also reduction of both plasma cholesterol level and blood pressure are reported for garlic consumption. Not only the mature bulbs, but also the leaves and scapes are used for various seasoning or edibles. In some areas garlic is produced particularly for its scapes. Under favorable conditions garlic may produce both, scapes and bulbs. There is an increasing demand for natural food with high added health value for worldwide human consumption. Thus, the main goal of this study was to determine in vitro antiplatelet activity and pungency of garlic scapes and bulbs. Two garlic cultivars: 'Sureño INTA' and 'Gostoso INTA' were chosen from the germplasm collection of INTA La Consulta. In vitro antiplatelet activity of bulbs and scapes was measured using whole blood electrical impedance aggregometry, whereas pungency was analyzed according to Schwimmer and Weston (1961). Bulbs of both garlic cultivars evaluated showed higher in vitro antiplatelet activity and pungency, than their scapes. Significant differences were found between scape pungency (P<0.05) but not among bulb pungency. Regarding in vitro antiplatelet activity, we observed differences between bulbs and scapes. 'Sureño INTA', showed the highest antiaggregatory effects. These results provide evidence about the potential of scape consumption as an alternative food with added health benefits.