alex alvarez | Northern Arizona University (original) (raw)
Papers by alex alvarez
Genocide Studies International
Feinde, Freunde, Fremde?, 2018
Die Faszination der Deutschen für Indianer ist etwas, das schon seit Langem bemerkt und erörtert ... more Die Faszination der Deutschen für Indianer ist etwas, das schon seit Langem bemerkt und erörtert wird� Die Tatsache, dass schätzungsweise 40 000 Deutsche mehr als 400 verschiedenen Clubs angehören, die oft Gastgeber für »Pow Wows« sind, an denen Mitglieder in vollständiger Indianerkleidung teilnehmen, in Tipis schlafen und sich selbst als Rothäute bezeichnen, ist ein Hinweis auf ein tiefes und langjähriges Interesse vieler Deutscher an der Geschichte und Kultur der Ureinwohner Amerikas�1 Dieser Fokus auf die Geschichte der Indianer hat in den letzten Jahren vor allem mit der Verbreitung des Wortes Völkermord (oder Genozid) im populären und wissenschaftlichen Diskurs zugenommen� Die Diskussion über die Geschichte Amerikas dreht sich daher sowohl in den Vereinigten Staaten als auch in Deutschland zunehmend um den Begriff des Völkermordes und ob Indianer die Opfer eines solchen wurden� Aufgrund des Nationalsozialismus und des Holocausts ist dies in Deutschland ein besonders brisantes Thema� Die Vertreibung und Verwüstung, die den Indianern widerfuhr, wurde oft von den nationalsozialistischen Ideologen genutzt, um ihre Pläne der kolonialen Besiedlung von Polen und der Ukraine zu rechtfertigen� 1941 behauptete Adolf Hitler, dass sich »hier im Osten ein ähnlicher Prozess zum zweiten Mal wiederhole, wie bei der Eroberung Amerikas� Eine überlegene Siedlerbevölkerung würde eine ›minderwertige‹ einheimische Bevölkerung verdrängen�«2 Dabei darf nicht vergessen werden, dass die Schaffung des Begriffs Völkermord und dessen letztendliche Kodifizierung in das Völkerrecht weitgehend durch den Holocaust in Gang gesetzt wurde� Die Frage des Völkermordes in Bezug auf Indianer ist deshalb für das deutsche wie das amerikanische Publikum besonders wichtig� Im Folgenden möchten
CrossCurrents, 2015
fter the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, rumors began spread-ing that no Jews had died o... more fter the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, rumors began spread-ing that no Jews had died on that fateful day at the World TradeCenter because the Mossad—the Israeli Intelligence Agency—hadforewarned Jews who worked there to stay at home. According to thistheory, the state of Israel was behind the attacks in order to force theUnited States to attack the enemies of Israel.
Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence
Copyright © 2008 by Sage Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repr... more Copyright © 2008 by Sage Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in ...
Teaching about Rape in War and Genocide, 2016
Rape in war and genocide always involves particularities of place, time, context, and experience.... more Rape in war and genocide always involves particularities of place, time, context, and experience. No one can teach or learn about them all. Which histories and experiences, what places and contexts are the most important to consider, and how does one best make such decisions? This chapter concentrates not only on these questions but also on what motivates people—primarily but not exclusively men—to resort to such violence and on what the consequences turn out to be. The contributors concentrate on helping teachers and students to identify the most important causes of rape in war and genocide and what it takes to intervene effectively against them.
Genocide Studies International, 2022
Violence and Victims, 1997
Recent research investigating the fear of crime has shown that when crime and behavior-specific m... more Recent research investigating the fear of crime has shown that when crime and behavior-specific measures of fear are utilized, the young are more likely than the elderly to be the most fearful. Research investigating the etiology of fear within adolescent populations, however, remains very limited. Using a sample of over 10,000 junior high and high school students from a supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, this paper examines the factors contributing to students’ fear of assault both at school and while going to and from school. Results indicate that recent victimization experiences, the presence of a violent subculture at the school (e.g., gang presence and attacks on teachers) and availability of drugs/alcohol were related to fear in both contexts. The predictability of fear from individual characteristics, however, was context specific. Contrary to findings from earlier research, it was found that young females were not more fearful than their male counterparts...
Teaching about Rape in War and Genocide, 2016
... Ian Loader and Richard Sparks Policing Michael Kempa and Clifford Shearing Genocidal Crimes A... more ... Ian Loader and Richard Sparks Policing Michael Kempa and Clifford Shearing Genocidal Crimes Alex Alvarez Surveillance Contemporary Critical Criminology benjamin Goold walter S. DeKeseredy Feminist Criminology Claire renzetti Page 4. Genocidal crimes Alex Alvarez ...
International Affairs, 2015
The Prevention and Intervention of Genocide
The Prevention and Intervention of Genocide During the Cold War Years Alex Alvarez The Cold War, ... more The Prevention and Intervention of Genocide During the Cold War Years Alex Alvarez The Cold War, which began in 1945 and ended in 1991, was an era that witnessed genocidally inclined states acting, largely, with impunity. Intervention, when it occurred, was selective, ...
Advancing Holocaust Studies
The Sociological Imagination, 1999
In this paper I examine the recent genocide in Bosnia paying particular attention to the human el... more In this paper I examine the recent genocide in Bosnia paying particular attention to the human element of genocide. The Bosnian example was marked by numerous and horrific acts of violence and brutality that was all the more remarkable given that the victims and perpetrators were often known to each other. I point out that the victims of genocide are typically victimized, not for who they are as individuals, but because they are members of a collective that has been chosen for destruction. Bosnian Muslims were killed simply because they fell into a socially damned category. I also discuss the ways in which the Serb perpetrators came to participate and justify their participation through dehumanization of the Muslims, nationalistic notions of self-defense, and various pressures to conform to an idealized image of Serb identity. I also examine the widely accepted, but false perception that the Bosnian genocide erupted spontaneously as a result of ancient tribal and ethnic hatreds and ...
Genocide Studies International, 2017
Since the mid-1990s, the field of genocide studies has seen a rapid expansion of interest and att... more Since the mid-1990s, the field of genocide studies has seen a rapid expansion of interest and attention that has been spurred on by horrific crimes of mass violence in such farflung places as Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. As a result, scholars from a variety of disciplines have increasingly focused their attention on working to explain the etiology and dynamics of genocidal processes and practices in order to develop effective policies intended to prevent and intervene when genocide appears imminent or has already broken out. Consequently, an extensive literature on genocide exists today that can easily overwhelm the reader because of its extent and complexity. This is especially true when one combines the scholarship of genocide with the writing on the Holocaust, one of the most extensively studied and written about events in all of history. Making sense of this vast literature can be extremely difficult, especially when one also considers that t...
Native Americans, Crime, and Justice, 2019
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, ethnic identity has again become an important element in ... more Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, ethnic identity has again become an important element in much of the collective political violence around the world. Without the polarizing influences of the Cold War, which tended to suppress ethnic identity in favor of national identity, ...
Genocide Studies International
Feinde, Freunde, Fremde?, 2018
Die Faszination der Deutschen für Indianer ist etwas, das schon seit Langem bemerkt und erörtert ... more Die Faszination der Deutschen für Indianer ist etwas, das schon seit Langem bemerkt und erörtert wird� Die Tatsache, dass schätzungsweise 40 000 Deutsche mehr als 400 verschiedenen Clubs angehören, die oft Gastgeber für »Pow Wows« sind, an denen Mitglieder in vollständiger Indianerkleidung teilnehmen, in Tipis schlafen und sich selbst als Rothäute bezeichnen, ist ein Hinweis auf ein tiefes und langjähriges Interesse vieler Deutscher an der Geschichte und Kultur der Ureinwohner Amerikas�1 Dieser Fokus auf die Geschichte der Indianer hat in den letzten Jahren vor allem mit der Verbreitung des Wortes Völkermord (oder Genozid) im populären und wissenschaftlichen Diskurs zugenommen� Die Diskussion über die Geschichte Amerikas dreht sich daher sowohl in den Vereinigten Staaten als auch in Deutschland zunehmend um den Begriff des Völkermordes und ob Indianer die Opfer eines solchen wurden� Aufgrund des Nationalsozialismus und des Holocausts ist dies in Deutschland ein besonders brisantes Thema� Die Vertreibung und Verwüstung, die den Indianern widerfuhr, wurde oft von den nationalsozialistischen Ideologen genutzt, um ihre Pläne der kolonialen Besiedlung von Polen und der Ukraine zu rechtfertigen� 1941 behauptete Adolf Hitler, dass sich »hier im Osten ein ähnlicher Prozess zum zweiten Mal wiederhole, wie bei der Eroberung Amerikas� Eine überlegene Siedlerbevölkerung würde eine ›minderwertige‹ einheimische Bevölkerung verdrängen�«2 Dabei darf nicht vergessen werden, dass die Schaffung des Begriffs Völkermord und dessen letztendliche Kodifizierung in das Völkerrecht weitgehend durch den Holocaust in Gang gesetzt wurde� Die Frage des Völkermordes in Bezug auf Indianer ist deshalb für das deutsche wie das amerikanische Publikum besonders wichtig� Im Folgenden möchten
CrossCurrents, 2015
fter the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, rumors began spread-ing that no Jews had died o... more fter the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, rumors began spread-ing that no Jews had died on that fateful day at the World TradeCenter because the Mossad—the Israeli Intelligence Agency—hadforewarned Jews who worked there to stay at home. According to thistheory, the state of Israel was behind the attacks in order to force theUnited States to attack the enemies of Israel.
Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence
Copyright © 2008 by Sage Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repr... more Copyright © 2008 by Sage Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in ...
Teaching about Rape in War and Genocide, 2016
Rape in war and genocide always involves particularities of place, time, context, and experience.... more Rape in war and genocide always involves particularities of place, time, context, and experience. No one can teach or learn about them all. Which histories and experiences, what places and contexts are the most important to consider, and how does one best make such decisions? This chapter concentrates not only on these questions but also on what motivates people—primarily but not exclusively men—to resort to such violence and on what the consequences turn out to be. The contributors concentrate on helping teachers and students to identify the most important causes of rape in war and genocide and what it takes to intervene effectively against them.
Genocide Studies International, 2022
Violence and Victims, 1997
Recent research investigating the fear of crime has shown that when crime and behavior-specific m... more Recent research investigating the fear of crime has shown that when crime and behavior-specific measures of fear are utilized, the young are more likely than the elderly to be the most fearful. Research investigating the etiology of fear within adolescent populations, however, remains very limited. Using a sample of over 10,000 junior high and high school students from a supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, this paper examines the factors contributing to students’ fear of assault both at school and while going to and from school. Results indicate that recent victimization experiences, the presence of a violent subculture at the school (e.g., gang presence and attacks on teachers) and availability of drugs/alcohol were related to fear in both contexts. The predictability of fear from individual characteristics, however, was context specific. Contrary to findings from earlier research, it was found that young females were not more fearful than their male counterparts...
Teaching about Rape in War and Genocide, 2016
... Ian Loader and Richard Sparks Policing Michael Kempa and Clifford Shearing Genocidal Crimes A... more ... Ian Loader and Richard Sparks Policing Michael Kempa and Clifford Shearing Genocidal Crimes Alex Alvarez Surveillance Contemporary Critical Criminology benjamin Goold walter S. DeKeseredy Feminist Criminology Claire renzetti Page 4. Genocidal crimes Alex Alvarez ...
International Affairs, 2015
The Prevention and Intervention of Genocide
The Prevention and Intervention of Genocide During the Cold War Years Alex Alvarez The Cold War, ... more The Prevention and Intervention of Genocide During the Cold War Years Alex Alvarez The Cold War, which began in 1945 and ended in 1991, was an era that witnessed genocidally inclined states acting, largely, with impunity. Intervention, when it occurred, was selective, ...
Advancing Holocaust Studies
The Sociological Imagination, 1999
In this paper I examine the recent genocide in Bosnia paying particular attention to the human el... more In this paper I examine the recent genocide in Bosnia paying particular attention to the human element of genocide. The Bosnian example was marked by numerous and horrific acts of violence and brutality that was all the more remarkable given that the victims and perpetrators were often known to each other. I point out that the victims of genocide are typically victimized, not for who they are as individuals, but because they are members of a collective that has been chosen for destruction. Bosnian Muslims were killed simply because they fell into a socially damned category. I also discuss the ways in which the Serb perpetrators came to participate and justify their participation through dehumanization of the Muslims, nationalistic notions of self-defense, and various pressures to conform to an idealized image of Serb identity. I also examine the widely accepted, but false perception that the Bosnian genocide erupted spontaneously as a result of ancient tribal and ethnic hatreds and ...
Genocide Studies International, 2017
Since the mid-1990s, the field of genocide studies has seen a rapid expansion of interest and att... more Since the mid-1990s, the field of genocide studies has seen a rapid expansion of interest and attention that has been spurred on by horrific crimes of mass violence in such farflung places as Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. As a result, scholars from a variety of disciplines have increasingly focused their attention on working to explain the etiology and dynamics of genocidal processes and practices in order to develop effective policies intended to prevent and intervene when genocide appears imminent or has already broken out. Consequently, an extensive literature on genocide exists today that can easily overwhelm the reader because of its extent and complexity. This is especially true when one combines the scholarship of genocide with the writing on the Holocaust, one of the most extensively studied and written about events in all of history. Making sense of this vast literature can be extremely difficult, especially when one also considers that t...
Native Americans, Crime, and Justice, 2019
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, ethnic identity has again become an important element in ... more Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, ethnic identity has again become an important element in much of the collective political violence around the world. Without the polarizing influences of the Cold War, which tended to suppress ethnic identity in favor of national identity, ...