Anna Manzoni | North Carolina State University (original) (raw)

Papers by Anna Manzoni

Sociological Perspectives

This paper examines varying patterns of exchanges in financial and residential support between pa... more This paper examines varying patterns of exchanges in financial and residential support between parents and children. We apply a life course perspective to explore how patterns of intergenerational support unfold throughout adulthood. Using Waves 3 to 5 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we conduct a repeated measure latent class analysis and identify six pathways of intergenerational exchange. About one-third of individuals have minimal intergenerational exchange while the majority share some form of residential and financial assistance with their parents between their late teens and early forties. Upward and downward intergenerational exchanges are most common among Blacks, Hispanics, and families with less formal educational backgrounds, whereas pathways of complete independence are most common among White families. This paper challenges the notion of complete independence as a necessary marker of adulthood and maps out the diverse patterns of interg...

Routledge eBooks, Aug 26, 2022

European Sociological Review

Research has shown that parents provide considerable support to their children; however, we know ... more Research has shown that parents provide considerable support to their children; however, we know little about the influence of young adults’ employment experiences on the support they receive from their parents. We draw on data from the German Family Panel pairfam for birth cohorts 1981–1983 and 1991–1993 and use a first difference panel estimator with asymmetric effects to examine the extent to which young adults’ employment transitions affect material, emotional, and instrumental support from parents. We find stark differences across types of support: parental material support changes in response to transitions in and out of employment, especially when to and from education. Other types of support seem less contingent on labour market transitions. Instrumental support only increases for transitions from education to employment and from employment to NEET. The latter effect is mainly driven by women entering parental leave. We do not find strong evidence of differences between tran...

Journal of Family Research

Objective: We investigate support between parents and adult children across families exposed and ... more Objective: We investigate support between parents and adult children across families exposed and not exposed to parental separation in Germany, by examining multiple types of support (i.e. emotional, material, and instrumental), both directions of provision (i.e. giving and receiving), and exchanges with mothers and fathers. Background: As parental separation may have implications for parent-child relationships and exchanges, with consequences for individuals' wellbeing, improving our understanding of the association between separation and support exchanges becomes paramount. Method: Using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam, 2009-2016, N=4,340 respondents and 13,481 observations), we estimate a range of support exchanges between parents and children simultaneously using generalized linear regression models with correlated random terms across equations. Additionally, we assess whether these associations vary by the timing at which parental separation occurred and social b...

Life Course Research and Social Policies, 2018

Introduction: The Quality of Binary Sequences of Successes and Failures Examination of binary seq... more Introduction: The Quality of Binary Sequences of Successes and Failures Examination of binary sequences, that is, sequences containing only two distinct characters, each of which represents a class of separate states or events of the process observed, is of key interest in social science research. Binary sequences, which can be seen as a series of positive versus negative characters-that is, of successes versus failures-are abundant in health and applied social science research. For instance, in the study of the course of a therapy, patients may show several kinds of unfavorable reactions, the failures, as well as various kinds of positive reactions, the successes. Similarly, pupils may make various kinds of mistakes, as a result, for example, of failures of the teaching process; alternatively, they may produce correct responses, the successes of the teaching process. Yet, another example refers to individuals' labor market careers, which can be represented as the succession of favorable and unfavorable labor market states; employment and vocational training, for example, can be considered as successes, while unemployment and inactivity as failures. The presence of successes and the absence of failures defines the quality of a sequence. Over the course of the treatment, therapy quality is higher when the patient's unfavorable reactions-the failures-gradually disappear from the gamut of observed behaviors; the teaching quality is higher when inadequate responses disappear from the pupil's repertoire; and career quality improves if

Social Forces, 2014

In this paper, we use multilevel growth-curve analysis to model occupational stratification acros... more In this paper, we use multilevel growth-curve analysis to model occupational stratification across West German careers for cohorts born between 1919 and 1971. We argue that a life-course approach gives a more appropriate perspective into social stratification by focusing on the permanence of inequalities across human lives. With data from the German Life History Study (GLHS), our primary interest is in the amount and timing of career progression and the ways in which educational attainment, class background, and cohort context shape them. We confirm previous findings of limited career progression and permanence in occupational inequality. Thus, career mobility can correct for initial disadvantages only to a limited degree. We also confirm the strong role played by the standardized and stratified German educational system, which channels workers into specific occupations with strict boundaries. We find a substantial gross effect of class background, which is strongly mediated by educational attainment for women but not for men. We do not find any general indications of a trend in change across cohorts, although there are some weak indications that men who entered the labor market in the problematic 1970s had weaker career growth. We conclude by discussing the advantages of a life-course approach to occupational stratification and the possibilities of growth-curve analysis to answer pertinent questions in research on careers and occupational mobility.

A college degree is widely thought to level the playing field for students from different social ... more A college degree is widely thought to level the playing field for students from different social class backgrounds. However, growing stratification between and within colleges raises the question of whether all types of college degrees are equally equalizing. We investigate this question using data from the 1993/2003 Baccalaureate and Beyond. Results from regression analyses show that, for men, institutions and majors not associated with the culture of a particular social class are most equalizing. For women, most institutions and majors, regardless of their association with a particular social class, are close to equalizing. Using the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method, we also test the extent to which the earnings gap between students from different class backgrounds is best explained by their different distribution across institutions and majors or by the differences in the returns to them. We find that distributional differences explain the largest percent of the gap for the fu...

The Journal of Higher Education

The literature has shown inconsistent support for the equalization thesis, that is, the idea that... more The literature has shown inconsistent support for the equalization thesis, that is, the idea that a college degree erases the effect of social origin on socioeconomic destination, and suggested higher intergenerational persistence among advanced degree holders compared to those with bachelor's degrees. The present study sheds light on the origin-destination link by investigating the intergenerational association between parents' education and offspring's earnings, paying attention to parents' education relative to their children's. Drawing on large samples and multiple waves of data from the National Survey of College Graduates, this study also makes an empirical contribution by analyzing intergenerational persistence across degree types. For women, I find highest intergenerational persistence at the bachelor level, but little evidence of intergenerational association for any advanced degrees. For men, results show intergenerational persistence across educational groups. Differences across respondents holding different types of degree support a theory of intergenerational relative education advantage, in which the effect of parents' education on offspring's attainment varies depending on offspring's education relative to their parents. Educational and labor market-related factors do not change the overall picture.

Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World

All work is social, yet little is known about social skill dimensions or how social skill experie... more All work is social, yet little is known about social skill dimensions or how social skill experiences accumulate across careers. Using occupational data (O*NET) on social tasks, the authors identify social skills’ latent dimensions. They find four main types: emotion, communication, coordination, and sales. O*NET provides skill importance scores for each occupation, which the authors link to individual careers (Panel Study of Income Dynamics). The authors then analyze cumulative skill exposure among three cohorts of workers using multitrajectory modeling. They find substantial variability in social skill experience across early-, middle-, and late-career workers. White, female, and highly educated workers are the most likely to accumulate social skill experience, net of total years of experience. Group differences in cumulative exposure to social skill are rooted in early-career experiences. This study enhances the understanding of social skill exposure across careers and has import...

Research in Higher Education

Journal of Youth and Adolescence

Encyclopedia of Family Studies, 2016

Schmollers Jahrbuch Journal of Applied Social Science Studies Zeitschrift Fur Wirtschafts Und Sozialwissenschaften, Sep 26, 2013

ABSTRACT We investigate whether Germans immigrants to the US work in higher-status occupations th... more ABSTRACT We investigate whether Germans immigrants to the US work in higher-status occupations than they would have had they remained in Germany. We account for potential bias from selective migration. The probability of migration is identified using life-cycle and cohort variation in economic conditions in the US. We also explore whether occupational choices vary for Germans who migrated as children or as adults. Our results allow us to decompose observed differences in occupational status of migrants and non-migrants into the part explained by selection effects and the part that is causal, extending the literature on international migration.

Sociology of Work: An Encyclopedia, 2013