Dennis Mikel | North Carolina State University (original) (raw)

Papers by Dennis Mikel

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured near Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured near Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. One hundred seven 8-h integrated samples were collected on 20 sampling days over a 2 month period in Fall 2014. The 8-h samples were collected by low flow (16.7 L/min) fine particulate samplers. The samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Temporal distribution of the PAHs (0.1-21.6 ng/m 3 ± 9.0 std) were compared to meteorological and pollutant data collected at the near roadway station. There is a weak but significant correlation between the sum of the measured PAHs with ozone, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide, with the R 2 values being 0.0049, 0.0187 and 0.0788 respectively. However the p-values (α = 0.05) were 0.044, 0.002 and 0.044, which are significant. Wind rose analysis illustrated the morning hours which were predominantly southern winds, while the afternoon hours illustrated southerly and easterly winds, which suggests that the automobile traffic as the main source of PAHs. The nighttime hours wind rose shows winds from northerly and easterly direction, which are predominantly from the RDU International Airport. PAH concentration found in this study compare favorably to other research studies (0.1 to 193.6 ng/m 3) both nationally and internationally.

The principal readers and users of this guidance document are program/project managers and Princi... more The principal readers and users of this guidance document are program/project managers and Principal Investigators. The Principal Investigators have the primary responsibility for preparing a project’s standard operating procedures (SOPs). Individuals who will receive copies of the approved Quality Assurance Project Plan.

MIKEL, DENNIS KIM. Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Near a Major Roadway. (Under t... more MIKEL, DENNIS KIM. Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Near a Major Roadway. (Under the direction of Dr. Viney P. Aneja) Epidemiological data suggests that there is a potential relationship between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations near major roadways and some health related diseases. This project focuses on measuring PAHs near a major roadway, Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. One hundred seven samples were collected on 20 sampling days over a 2 month period; September 5 – November 6, 2014. The integrated 8-hour samples were collected by low flow (16.7 liters/minute) fine particulate samplers. The filter samples were refrigerated in a laboratory, extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This research focuses on the qualitative and quantitative results of the sampling and analysis, then comparing all results to other hourly data collected at the near roadway station. There appears to be a co...

In recent years, Colorado has seen ozone levels that exceed national ambient air quality standard... more In recent years, Colorado has seen ozone levels that exceed national ambient air quality standards with levels increasing at several sites. It is thought that volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the prevalent upstream oil and gas operations may contribute in part to these exceedances. In 2008, EPA Region 8 requested OAQPS assistance in quantifying VOC emissions from upstream oil and gas facilities as currently there is limited data, particularly regarding fugitive emissions, from this these operations. Oil and gas fields provide very challenging emission testing issues due to the large number and variety of emissions points including separators, dehydrators, generators, gas-powered pneumatics, injection wells, heaters, compressors/engines, storage tanks, and produced water ponds along with activities such as well drilling, well completion, well work over, and loading/unloading of oil/produced water into trucks. Though interested in VOC data for all these emission points, Region 8 wanted to first focus on quantifying VOC emissions from the produced water ponds. Our project team (EPA OAQPS, EPA ORD and their contractors, Region 8, Colorado, and Wyoming) chose to use EPA Other Test Method 10 (OTM 10), an optical remote sensing-based technique, with two open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) instruments in a four corners configuration to provide mass emission flux estimates for a representative alkane mixture. To supplement the alkane mixture flux assessment, FTIR spectra for select VOC compounds that were individually quantifiable were analyzed for concentration and reported as flux estimates using a ratio approach. VOC concentrations were determined at a point along two of the FTIR beam paths using summa canisters with EPA Method TO-14A and TO-15 analysis to provide additional information on the overall VOC emissions from the ponds. The data from this study is currently under internal review by EPA.

Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003

to evaluate and compare advanced measurement methods for particulate matter mass and its componen... more to evaluate and compare advanced measurement methods for particulate matter mass and its components. Methods included filter-and denuder-based time-integrated or discrete samplers, a variety of semicontinuous methods measuring mass, its major components (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, elemental carbon, trace elements) and gasphase precursors, and for the first time ever, a comparison among particle mass spectrometers; four in total. These data were complemented by meteorological data as well as gas-phase criteria pollutant measurements and other supplemental data such as particle physical properties, volatile organic compounds (VOC), oxygenated VOC, and NOy. The primary and supplemental data also were used to better understand the formation and accumulation of particulate matter in Atlanta and to better understand source-receptor relationships. This paper overviews the study, summarizing objectives, the site and measurements, and the relative reference data used for comparisons, and it overviews the meteorological and chemical characteristics of pollution in Atlanta during the study, puts the study in context of Atlanta and the southeast United States, and finally summarizes the key findings from the over 30 publications published, submitted, or in preparation. This paper also provides as complete a list as is currently available of those publications. Others certainly will be emerging over time. The comprehensive database is available through the Atlanta Supersite Project Web site sponsored by GIT (http://www-wlc.eas.gatech.edu/ supersite/).

Analysis of gaseous criteria pollutants in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand, during 20... more Analysis of gaseous criteria pollutants in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand, during 2010-2014 reveals that the hourly concentrations of CO, SO2 and NO2 were mostly below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQs) of Thailand. However, the hourly concentrations of O3 exceeded the Thailand NAAQs. The maximum concentrations of O3 ranged from 120-190 ppb. On average, the number of hourly O3 exceedances ranged from 1-60 hours a year depending on monitoring station locations. The exceedances occurred during the summer and winter, dry seasons. Interconversion between O3, NO and NO2 indicates crossover points between species occur when the concentration of NOx ([NOx] = [NO]+[NO2]) is ~60 ppb. However, when [NOx] < 60 ppb, O3 is the dominant species; conversely, NO dominates when [NOx] > 60 ppb. The calculated photochemical reaction rate (the reaction between NO2 with sunlight), during photostationary state ranges from 0.12 to 1.22 min-1. Linear regression analysis between the concentrations of Ox ([Ox] = [O3]+[NO2]) and NOx provides the role of local and regional contributions to Ox. Both the local and regional Ox contributions enhance the concentration of Ox. Values of the local and regional Ox contributions during non-episode were ~44-54 ppb and ~ 0.13[NOx] to 0.33[NOx], respectively. Those values were about double during O3 episodes ([O3] > 100 ppb). Ratio analysis suggests that the major contributors of primary pollutants over BMR are mobile sources (CO/NOx = 19.8). The Air Quality Index (AQI) for BMR was predominantly between good to moderate. Unhealthy O3 categories were observed during episode conditions in the region. 1. Introduction Bangkok (BKK), the capital city of Thailand, has the largest population and population density in Thailand. Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) refers to Bangkok and five adjacent provinces, including

Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured near Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured near Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. One hundred seven 8-h integrated samples were collected on 20 sampling days over a 2 month period in Fall 2014. The 8-h samples were collected by low flow (16.7 L/min) fine particulate samplers. The samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Temporal distribution of the PAHs (0.1-21.6 ng/m 3 ± 9.0 std) were compared to meteorological and pollutant data collected at the near roadway station. There is a weak but significant correlation between the sum of the measured PAHs with ozone, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide, with the R 2 values being 0.0049, 0.0187 and 0.0788 respectively. However the p-values (α = 0.05) were 0.044, 0.002 and 0.044, which are significant. Wind rose analysis illustrated the morning hours which were predominantly southern winds, while the afternoon hours illustrated southerly and easterly winds, which suggests that the automobile traffic as the main source of PAHs. The nighttime hours wind rose shows winds from northerly and easterly direction, which are predominantly from the RDU International Airport. PAH concentration found in this study compare favorably to other research studies (0.1 to 193.6 ng/m 3) both nationally and internationally.

Mention of, or referral to, commercial products or services and/or links to non-EPA internet site... more Mention of, or referral to, commercial products or services and/or links to non-EPA internet sites does not imply official EPA endorsement of, or responsibility for opinions, ideas, data, or products presented at those locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. Mention of commercial products/services and non-EPA websites is provided solely as a reference to information on topics related to environmental protection that may be useful to EPA staff and the public. A document such as this requires the work and dedication of many people. This section acknowledges those that have provided their time and effort to create this document.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured near Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured near Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. One hundred seven 8-h integrated samples were collected on 20 sampling days over a 2 month period in Fall 2014. The 8-h samples were collected by low flow (16.7 L/min) fine particulate samplers. The samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Temporal distribution of the PAHs (0.1-21.6 ng/m 3 ± 9.0 std) were compared to meteorological and pollutant data collected at the near roadway station. There is a weak but significant correlation between the sum of the measured PAHs with ozone, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide, with the R 2 values being 0.0049, 0.0187 and 0.0788 respectively. However the p-values (α = 0.05) were 0.044, 0.002 and 0.044, which are significant. Wind rose analysis illustrated the morning hours which were predominantly southern winds, while the afternoon hours illustrated southerly and easterly winds, which suggests that the automobile traffic as the main source of PAHs. The nighttime hours wind rose shows winds from northerly and easterly direction, which are predominantly from the RDU International Airport. PAH concentration found in this study compare favorably to other research studies (0.1 to 193.6 ng/m 3) both nationally and internationally.

The principal readers and users of this guidance document are program/project managers and Princi... more The principal readers and users of this guidance document are program/project managers and Principal Investigators. The Principal Investigators have the primary responsibility for preparing a project’s standard operating procedures (SOPs). Individuals who will receive copies of the approved Quality Assurance Project Plan.

MIKEL, DENNIS KIM. Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Near a Major Roadway. (Under t... more MIKEL, DENNIS KIM. Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Near a Major Roadway. (Under the direction of Dr. Viney P. Aneja) Epidemiological data suggests that there is a potential relationship between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations near major roadways and some health related diseases. This project focuses on measuring PAHs near a major roadway, Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. One hundred seven samples were collected on 20 sampling days over a 2 month period; September 5 – November 6, 2014. The integrated 8-hour samples were collected by low flow (16.7 liters/minute) fine particulate samplers. The filter samples were refrigerated in a laboratory, extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This research focuses on the qualitative and quantitative results of the sampling and analysis, then comparing all results to other hourly data collected at the near roadway station. There appears to be a co...

In recent years, Colorado has seen ozone levels that exceed national ambient air quality standard... more In recent years, Colorado has seen ozone levels that exceed national ambient air quality standards with levels increasing at several sites. It is thought that volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the prevalent upstream oil and gas operations may contribute in part to these exceedances. In 2008, EPA Region 8 requested OAQPS assistance in quantifying VOC emissions from upstream oil and gas facilities as currently there is limited data, particularly regarding fugitive emissions, from this these operations. Oil and gas fields provide very challenging emission testing issues due to the large number and variety of emissions points including separators, dehydrators, generators, gas-powered pneumatics, injection wells, heaters, compressors/engines, storage tanks, and produced water ponds along with activities such as well drilling, well completion, well work over, and loading/unloading of oil/produced water into trucks. Though interested in VOC data for all these emission points, Region 8 wanted to first focus on quantifying VOC emissions from the produced water ponds. Our project team (EPA OAQPS, EPA ORD and their contractors, Region 8, Colorado, and Wyoming) chose to use EPA Other Test Method 10 (OTM 10), an optical remote sensing-based technique, with two open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) instruments in a four corners configuration to provide mass emission flux estimates for a representative alkane mixture. To supplement the alkane mixture flux assessment, FTIR spectra for select VOC compounds that were individually quantifiable were analyzed for concentration and reported as flux estimates using a ratio approach. VOC concentrations were determined at a point along two of the FTIR beam paths using summa canisters with EPA Method TO-14A and TO-15 analysis to provide additional information on the overall VOC emissions from the ponds. The data from this study is currently under internal review by EPA.

Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003

to evaluate and compare advanced measurement methods for particulate matter mass and its componen... more to evaluate and compare advanced measurement methods for particulate matter mass and its components. Methods included filter-and denuder-based time-integrated or discrete samplers, a variety of semicontinuous methods measuring mass, its major components (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, elemental carbon, trace elements) and gasphase precursors, and for the first time ever, a comparison among particle mass spectrometers; four in total. These data were complemented by meteorological data as well as gas-phase criteria pollutant measurements and other supplemental data such as particle physical properties, volatile organic compounds (VOC), oxygenated VOC, and NOy. The primary and supplemental data also were used to better understand the formation and accumulation of particulate matter in Atlanta and to better understand source-receptor relationships. This paper overviews the study, summarizing objectives, the site and measurements, and the relative reference data used for comparisons, and it overviews the meteorological and chemical characteristics of pollution in Atlanta during the study, puts the study in context of Atlanta and the southeast United States, and finally summarizes the key findings from the over 30 publications published, submitted, or in preparation. This paper also provides as complete a list as is currently available of those publications. Others certainly will be emerging over time. The comprehensive database is available through the Atlanta Supersite Project Web site sponsored by GIT (http://www-wlc.eas.gatech.edu/ supersite/).

Analysis of gaseous criteria pollutants in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand, during 20... more Analysis of gaseous criteria pollutants in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand, during 2010-2014 reveals that the hourly concentrations of CO, SO2 and NO2 were mostly below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQs) of Thailand. However, the hourly concentrations of O3 exceeded the Thailand NAAQs. The maximum concentrations of O3 ranged from 120-190 ppb. On average, the number of hourly O3 exceedances ranged from 1-60 hours a year depending on monitoring station locations. The exceedances occurred during the summer and winter, dry seasons. Interconversion between O3, NO and NO2 indicates crossover points between species occur when the concentration of NOx ([NOx] = [NO]+[NO2]) is ~60 ppb. However, when [NOx] < 60 ppb, O3 is the dominant species; conversely, NO dominates when [NOx] > 60 ppb. The calculated photochemical reaction rate (the reaction between NO2 with sunlight), during photostationary state ranges from 0.12 to 1.22 min-1. Linear regression analysis between the concentrations of Ox ([Ox] = [O3]+[NO2]) and NOx provides the role of local and regional contributions to Ox. Both the local and regional Ox contributions enhance the concentration of Ox. Values of the local and regional Ox contributions during non-episode were ~44-54 ppb and ~ 0.13[NOx] to 0.33[NOx], respectively. Those values were about double during O3 episodes ([O3] > 100 ppb). Ratio analysis suggests that the major contributors of primary pollutants over BMR are mobile sources (CO/NOx = 19.8). The Air Quality Index (AQI) for BMR was predominantly between good to moderate. Unhealthy O3 categories were observed during episode conditions in the region. 1. Introduction Bangkok (BKK), the capital city of Thailand, has the largest population and population density in Thailand. Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) refers to Bangkok and five adjacent provinces, including

Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured near Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured near Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. One hundred seven 8-h integrated samples were collected on 20 sampling days over a 2 month period in Fall 2014. The 8-h samples were collected by low flow (16.7 L/min) fine particulate samplers. The samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Temporal distribution of the PAHs (0.1-21.6 ng/m 3 ± 9.0 std) were compared to meteorological and pollutant data collected at the near roadway station. There is a weak but significant correlation between the sum of the measured PAHs with ozone, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide, with the R 2 values being 0.0049, 0.0187 and 0.0788 respectively. However the p-values (α = 0.05) were 0.044, 0.002 and 0.044, which are significant. Wind rose analysis illustrated the morning hours which were predominantly southern winds, while the afternoon hours illustrated southerly and easterly winds, which suggests that the automobile traffic as the main source of PAHs. The nighttime hours wind rose shows winds from northerly and easterly direction, which are predominantly from the RDU International Airport. PAH concentration found in this study compare favorably to other research studies (0.1 to 193.6 ng/m 3) both nationally and internationally.

Mention of, or referral to, commercial products or services and/or links to non-EPA internet site... more Mention of, or referral to, commercial products or services and/or links to non-EPA internet sites does not imply official EPA endorsement of, or responsibility for opinions, ideas, data, or products presented at those locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. Mention of commercial products/services and non-EPA websites is provided solely as a reference to information on topics related to environmental protection that may be useful to EPA staff and the public. A document such as this requires the work and dedication of many people. This section acknowledges those that have provided their time and effort to create this document.