Sam Snyder | North Carolina State University (original) (raw)
Papers by Sam Snyder
Children S Health Care, Jan 27, 2012
... Marlon Carey Hyson, Samuel S Snvder, and Edward M Andujar ... in two more months she mayhowl ... more ... Marlon Carey Hyson, Samuel S Snvder, and Edward M Andujar ... in two more months she mayhowl In protest In another few years she will, perhaps, stroll confidently Into the office Theory and research In developmental psychology have documented the profound changes that ...
Merrill Palmer Quarterly, Dec 31, 1981
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1983
In this investigation of the effects of modeling and cognitive induction on moral reasoning, 87 j... more In this investigation of the effects of modeling and cognitive induction on moral reasoning, 87 junior high school students were exposed to moral reasoning, characteristic of either one stage above (+ 1) or one stage below (-1) their dominant stage, as determined by pretesting. The presented reasoning was attributed to a model of either high, neutral, or low status/ relevance to the content of the moral dilemmas used. A multiple-choice adaptation of the Kohlberg moral development interview was used at pretesting, at intervention/posttesting, and at delayed posttesting. Analyses of changes in moral reasoning included examination of direct and indirect effects on both an immediate and a delayed posttest. Results indicated significant and stable change in moral reasoning associated with the developmental stage of the message (+ 1 produced advances, but-1 failed to induce significant regression) and significant temporary change associated with the characteristics of the model (high status/relevance models had greater influence than did neutral models). It is suggested that future research and educational efforts give attention to both the moral stage of the intervention and the nature of the source to which it is attributed. 'This article is based on portions of a Ph.D. dissertation submitted by the first author to the faculty of Bryn Mawr College.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1982
There is extensive evidence that people strongly value and are reluctant to relinquish the percep... more There is extensive evidence that people strongly value and are reluctant to relinquish the perception of control. Yet, both helplessness and locus of control theorists interpret various "inward" behaviors (passivity, withdrawal, and submissiveness) as signs of relinquished perceived control. As evidence, they note that inward behavior frequently is accompanied by causal attributions to limited ability, chance, and powerful others-all attributions that suggest uncontrollability. In contrast, we claim,that these attributions and the behaviors to which they relate may often reflect a type of perceived control that is generally overlooked. People attempt to gain control not only by bringing the environment into line with their wishes (primary control) but also by bringing themselves into line with environmental forces (secondary control). Four manifestations of secondary control are considered: (a) Attributions to severely, limited ability can serve to enhance predictive control and to protect against disappointment. Passive and withdrawn behaviors reflect the attempt to inhibit unfulfillable expectations, (b) Attributions to chance can reflect illusory control, since people often construe chance as a personal characteristic akin to an ability ("luck"). Individuals who make attributions to chance may exhibit passivity and withdrawal in skill situations, reserving energy and emotional investment for situations that allow them to capitalize on their perceived strength-that is, being lucky, (c) Attributions to powerful others permit vicarious control when the individual identifies with these others. Submission to a powerful leader, a group, or a deity sometimes enables the individual to join in their power, (d) All of the preceding attributions may foster interpretive control, in which the individual seeks to understand and derive meaning from otherwise uncontrollable events in order to accept them. When perceived control is recognized in both its primary and secondary forms, a broad range of inward behaviors can be seen as efforts to sustain rather than relinquish the perception of control. Factor analytic studies with children (reviewed in Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1978) and systematic observations of adults (
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1982
Eighty children, 4 and 6 years old, viewed color movies of other children looking at two identica... more Eighty children, 4 and 6 years old, viewed color movies of other children looking at two identical boxes each containing different toys not visible on the film. Films were made in four nonverbal cue conditions: facial expression and head movement; facial expression, head, and upper body movement; head and upper body movement only; and head movement only. Viewers were asked to identify which box the child in the film preferred and to report the information they had used to decide. Six year olds and those viewing films with female actors were significantly more accurate in identifying the box actually preferred. Differential responding based on type of nonverbal cue was found among 6 year olds and among those viewing films with female actors. Actor looking time at the preferred box was found to relate to viewer judgment and to be reported as the decision strategy used among 6 year olds, but not among 4 year olds. Nonverbal behavior may be a particularly important factor in the development of social behavior and communication skills (Buck, 1975). Social interaction skills begin developing long before the child is capable of using verbal language alone as an adequate
Journal of Educational Psychology, 1983
... 72-14,544) DiStefano, JJ Interpersonal perceptions of field in-dependent and field dependentt... more ... 72-14,544) DiStefano, JJ Interpersonal perceptions of field in-dependent and field dependentteachers and students (Doctoral ... 70-11,225) Folman, RZ Therapist-patient perceptual style, in-terpersonal attraction, initial interview behavior, and premature termination (Doctoral ...
Journal of Community Psychology, 1990
We wish to thank Lynne Baker-Ward, Cathy Crossland, Thomas Hess, Katherine Kline, and Thomas Wall... more We wish to thank Lynne Baker-Ward, Cathy Crossland, Thomas Hess, Katherine Kline, and Thomas Wallsten for their helpful comments on this work, and Dan Blazer for useful comments on a previous draft of this article. This article is based on the first author's PhD dissertation under the supervision of the second author.
Children's Health Care, 1982
... Marlon Carey Hyson, Samuel S Snvder, and Edward M Andujar ... in two more months she mayhowl ... more ... Marlon Carey Hyson, Samuel S Snvder, and Edward M Andujar ... in two more months she mayhowl In protest In another few years she will, perhaps, stroll confidently Into the office Theory and research In developmental psychology have documented the profound changes that ...
Journal of personality and …, 1982
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
Journal of personality and …, 1982
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
Children S Health Care, Jan 27, 2012
... Marlon Carey Hyson, Samuel S Snvder, and Edward M Andujar ... in two more months she mayhowl ... more ... Marlon Carey Hyson, Samuel S Snvder, and Edward M Andujar ... in two more months she mayhowl In protest In another few years she will, perhaps, stroll confidently Into the office Theory and research In developmental psychology have documented the profound changes that ...
Merrill Palmer Quarterly, Dec 31, 1981
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1983
In this investigation of the effects of modeling and cognitive induction on moral reasoning, 87 j... more In this investigation of the effects of modeling and cognitive induction on moral reasoning, 87 junior high school students were exposed to moral reasoning, characteristic of either one stage above (+ 1) or one stage below (-1) their dominant stage, as determined by pretesting. The presented reasoning was attributed to a model of either high, neutral, or low status/ relevance to the content of the moral dilemmas used. A multiple-choice adaptation of the Kohlberg moral development interview was used at pretesting, at intervention/posttesting, and at delayed posttesting. Analyses of changes in moral reasoning included examination of direct and indirect effects on both an immediate and a delayed posttest. Results indicated significant and stable change in moral reasoning associated with the developmental stage of the message (+ 1 produced advances, but-1 failed to induce significant regression) and significant temporary change associated with the characteristics of the model (high status/relevance models had greater influence than did neutral models). It is suggested that future research and educational efforts give attention to both the moral stage of the intervention and the nature of the source to which it is attributed. 'This article is based on portions of a Ph.D. dissertation submitted by the first author to the faculty of Bryn Mawr College.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1982
There is extensive evidence that people strongly value and are reluctant to relinquish the percep... more There is extensive evidence that people strongly value and are reluctant to relinquish the perception of control. Yet, both helplessness and locus of control theorists interpret various "inward" behaviors (passivity, withdrawal, and submissiveness) as signs of relinquished perceived control. As evidence, they note that inward behavior frequently is accompanied by causal attributions to limited ability, chance, and powerful others-all attributions that suggest uncontrollability. In contrast, we claim,that these attributions and the behaviors to which they relate may often reflect a type of perceived control that is generally overlooked. People attempt to gain control not only by bringing the environment into line with their wishes (primary control) but also by bringing themselves into line with environmental forces (secondary control). Four manifestations of secondary control are considered: (a) Attributions to severely, limited ability can serve to enhance predictive control and to protect against disappointment. Passive and withdrawn behaviors reflect the attempt to inhibit unfulfillable expectations, (b) Attributions to chance can reflect illusory control, since people often construe chance as a personal characteristic akin to an ability ("luck"). Individuals who make attributions to chance may exhibit passivity and withdrawal in skill situations, reserving energy and emotional investment for situations that allow them to capitalize on their perceived strength-that is, being lucky, (c) Attributions to powerful others permit vicarious control when the individual identifies with these others. Submission to a powerful leader, a group, or a deity sometimes enables the individual to join in their power, (d) All of the preceding attributions may foster interpretive control, in which the individual seeks to understand and derive meaning from otherwise uncontrollable events in order to accept them. When perceived control is recognized in both its primary and secondary forms, a broad range of inward behaviors can be seen as efforts to sustain rather than relinquish the perception of control. Factor analytic studies with children (reviewed in Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1978) and systematic observations of adults (
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1982
Eighty children, 4 and 6 years old, viewed color movies of other children looking at two identica... more Eighty children, 4 and 6 years old, viewed color movies of other children looking at two identical boxes each containing different toys not visible on the film. Films were made in four nonverbal cue conditions: facial expression and head movement; facial expression, head, and upper body movement; head and upper body movement only; and head movement only. Viewers were asked to identify which box the child in the film preferred and to report the information they had used to decide. Six year olds and those viewing films with female actors were significantly more accurate in identifying the box actually preferred. Differential responding based on type of nonverbal cue was found among 6 year olds and among those viewing films with female actors. Actor looking time at the preferred box was found to relate to viewer judgment and to be reported as the decision strategy used among 6 year olds, but not among 4 year olds. Nonverbal behavior may be a particularly important factor in the development of social behavior and communication skills (Buck, 1975). Social interaction skills begin developing long before the child is capable of using verbal language alone as an adequate
Journal of Educational Psychology, 1983
... 72-14,544) DiStefano, JJ Interpersonal perceptions of field in-dependent and field dependentt... more ... 72-14,544) DiStefano, JJ Interpersonal perceptions of field in-dependent and field dependentteachers and students (Doctoral ... 70-11,225) Folman, RZ Therapist-patient perceptual style, in-terpersonal attraction, initial interview behavior, and premature termination (Doctoral ...
Journal of Community Psychology, 1990
We wish to thank Lynne Baker-Ward, Cathy Crossland, Thomas Hess, Katherine Kline, and Thomas Wall... more We wish to thank Lynne Baker-Ward, Cathy Crossland, Thomas Hess, Katherine Kline, and Thomas Wallsten for their helpful comments on this work, and Dan Blazer for useful comments on a previous draft of this article. This article is based on the first author's PhD dissertation under the supervision of the second author.
Children's Health Care, 1982
... Marlon Carey Hyson, Samuel S Snvder, and Edward M Andujar ... in two more months she mayhowl ... more ... Marlon Carey Hyson, Samuel S Snvder, and Edward M Andujar ... in two more months she mayhowl In protest In another few years she will, perhaps, stroll confidently Into the office Theory and research In developmental psychology have documented the profound changes that ...
Journal of personality and …, 1982
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...
Journal of personality and …, 1982
APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...