Yen-Po Lin | National Chiayi University (original) (raw)

Papers by Yen-Po Lin

FIGURE 1. A. Cryptes utzoni sp. n. Adult females on twig of Acacia aneura (Fabaceae) from Yeo Lak... more FIGURE 1. A. Cryptes utzoni sp. n. Adult females on twig of Acacia aneura (Fabaceae) from Yeo Lake Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Notice a thin layer of white wax that partially covers the insect. Photograph by L.G. Cook. B. An adult female of Austrolichtensia hakearum on the stem of Hakea pandanicarpa (Proteaceae) from Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia. Photograph by T.L. Semple. C. Cryptes baccatus. Young adult females (LGC03153) tended by an ant (Leptomyrmex sp.) on a twig of Acacia leiocalyx in Mt Moffatt section of Carnarvon Gorge National Park, QLD, Australia. Many of the smaller females have exit holes of parasitoids. Photograph by L.G. Cook.

Lin_etal_2017_praetermissus_Appendix

Systematic and Applied Acarology, 2020

This study was conducted to further understand the biology of Eutetranychus africanus Tucker, a n... more This study was conducted to further understand the biology of Eutetranychus africanus Tucker, a newly invasive pest mite in Taiwan that can cause serious damage to papaya. We report the life history of E. africanus on papaya in laboratory conditions at 12, 17, 22, 27 and 32 ± 0.5 °C, with 70 ± 5 % relative humidity and a photoperiod of L12: D12. Eggs did not hatch at 12 °C. Both developmental duration and longevity were significantly shortened with the increase of temperature. The longest and shortest developmental durations of the immature stage were 37.28 days at 17 °C and 8.70 days at 32 °C, respectively. The longevity of both sexes varied similarly with the change in temperature, with shorter lifespan in males: Females survived for 3.64 days (shortest) at 32 °C to 17.50 days (longest) at 17 °C, whereas males survived for 11.00 days (longest) at 17 °C to 2.57 days (shortest) at 32 °C. The differences in fecundity were significant among all tested temperatures, with 17.61 eggs/fem...

Zootaxa, May 26, 2017

Austrolecanium cryptocaryae Lin & Cook sp. n. is described based on adult female morphology and D... more Austrolecanium cryptocaryae Lin & Cook sp. n. is described based on adult female morphology and DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci. This Australian endemic species was found on the underside of leaves of Cryptocarya microneura (Lauraceae) in Queensland. All phylogenetic analyses of four independent DNA loci and a concatenated dataset show that A. cryptocaryae is monophyletic and closely related to A. sassafras Gullan & Hodgson, the type species of Austrolecanium Gullan & Hodgson. The adult female of A. cryptocaryae is described and illustrated and a table is provided of the characters that differ among adult females of the three species of Austrolecanium currently recognised (A. cappari (Froggatt), A. cryptocaryae sp. n. and A. sassafras).

PloS one, 2017

Asexual lineages provide a challenge to species delimitation because species concepts either have... more Asexual lineages provide a challenge to species delimitation because species concepts either have little biological meaning for them or are arbitrary, since every individual is monophyletic and reproductively isolated from all other individuals. However, recognition and naming of asexual species is important to conservation and economic applications. Some scale insects are widespread and polyphagous pests of plants, and several species have been found to comprise cryptic species complexes. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is a parthenogenetic, cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest that feeds on plant species from more than 80 families. Here, we implement multiple approaches to assess the species status of P. nigra, including coalescence-based analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and ecological niche modelling. Our results indicate that the sampled specimens of P. nigra should be considered to comprise at least two ecotypes (or "species") that a...

SummaryWolbachia is one of the most successful endosymbiotic bacteria of arthropods. Known as the... more SummaryWolbachia is one of the most successful endosymbiotic bacteria of arthropods. Known as the “master of manipulation”, Wolbachia can induce a wide range of phenotypes in its host that can have far-reaching ecological and evolutionary consequences and may be exploited for disease and pest control. However, our knowledge of Wolbachia’s distribution and infection rate is unevenly distributed across arthropod groups such as scale insects. We fitted a distribution of within-species prevalence of Wolbachia to our data and compared it to distributions fitted to an up-to-date dataset compiled from surveys across all arthropods. The estimated distribution parameters indicate a Wolbachia infection frequency of 43.6% (at a 10% prevalence threshold) in scale insects. Prevalence of Wolbachia in scale insects follows a distribution similar to exponential decline (most species are predicted to have low prevalence infections), in contrast to the U-shaped distribution estimated for other taxa (...

Cryptes utzoni Lin, Kondo & Cook sp. n. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is described based on adult female ... more Cryptes utzoni Lin, Kondo & Cook sp. n. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is described based on adult female morphology and DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci. This Australian endemic species was found on the stem of Acacia aneura (Fabaceae) in Western Australia. All phylogenetic analyses of three independent DNA loci show that C. utzoni is closely related to C. baccatus (Maskell), the type and only species of Cryptes Maskell, 1892. The adult female of C. utzoni is described and illustrated and a table is provided of the characters that differ among adult females of the two species of Cryptes now recognised (C. baccatus and C. utzoni) and a morphologically similar Western Australian species, Aus-trolichtensia hakearum (Fuller). There is deep genetic divergence in COI among samples of C. baccatus, suggesting the possibility of a species complex in this taxon.

Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), the type species of the soft scale genus... more Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), the type species of the soft scale genus Coccus L., the family Coccidae and the whole of the scale insects (Coccoidea), is a cosmopolitan plant pest. Using DNA sequence data and morphological comparisons, we determine that there is a distinct species that is morphologically very similar to C. hes-peridum. Here, we describe the species as Coccus praetermissus Lin & Tanaka sp. n., based on adult female specimens from Australia, Malaysia and Thailand. The adult female of C. praetermissus sp. n. differs from C. hesperidum in having dorsal setae with bluntly rounded tips, whereas they are sharply pointed in C. hesperidum. A detailed description of the newly recognised species is provided, incorporating adult female morphology and DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci. Our examination of slides from The Natural History Museum, London, and several Australian institutions indicates that C. praetermissus sp. n. has been confused sometimes with C. hesperidum s. s. These findings have potential relevance to plant biosecurity and quarantine because C. hesperidum is cosmopolitan whereas C. praetermissus sp. n., which is also polyphagous and the two species can share many host plants, currently appears to be more geographically restricted. Additionally, there is deep genetic divergence within C. praetermissus sp. n. that might indicate that it is a cryptic species complex, but wider geographic sampling is required to test this possibility.

1. The megadiverse herbivores and their host plants are a major component of biodiversity, and th... more 1. The megadiverse herbivores and their host plants are a major component of biodiversity, and their interactions have been hypothesised to drive the diversification of both. 2. If plant diversity influences the diversity of insects, there is an expectation that insect species richness will be strongly correlated with host-plant species richness. This should be observable at two levels (i) more diverse host-plant groups should harbour more species of insects, and (ii) the species richness of a group of insects should correlate with the richness of the host groups it uses. However, such a correlation is also consistent with a hypothesis of random host use, in which insects encounter and use hosts in proportion to the diversity of host plants. Neither of these expectations has been widely tested. 3. These expectations were tested using data from a species-rich group of insects – the Coccidae (Hemiptera). 4. Significant positive correlations were found between the species richness of coccid clades (genera) and the species richness of the host-plant family or families upon which the clades occur. On a global scale, more closely related plant families have more similar communities of coccid genera but the correlation is weak. 5. Random host use could not be rejected for many coccids but randomisation tests and similarity of coccid communities on closely related plant families show that there is non-random host use in some taxa. Overall, our results support the idea that plant diversity is a driver of species richness of herbivorous insects, probably via escape-and-radiate or oscillation-type processes.

Systematic Entomology, 2013

We provide objective criteria for assessing the taxonomic status of genera, especially those that... more We provide objective criteria for assessing the taxonomic status of genera, especially those that are monotypic, using the coccid genus Taiwansaissetia Tao, Wong & Chang. This genus contains only the type species, Lecanium formicarii Green [currently Taiwansaissetia formicarii (Green)], known from the Afrotropical and Oriental regions. Here, Taiwansaissetia is synonymised (syn.nov.) with Coccus Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on the basis of phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data and morphological examination. All analyses (maximum parsimony, neighbour-joining and Bayesian inference) of four gene regions (18S, 28S, COI and EF-1α), and a concatenation of these regions, placed the clade including T. formicarii and three unidentified Coccus specimens as sister to the type species of Coccus, C. hesperidum Linnaeus, with high support. Taiwansaissetia formicarii is more closely related to C. hesperidum than C. hesperidum is to C. viridis (Green), which is considered to be a 'typical' species of Coccus, and several other current members of Coccus [C. longulus (Douglas), C. penangensis Morrison and C. pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana)]. Explicit criteria, including monophyly, diagnosability, sister taxa being of equal rank, and the level of genetic divergence between T. formicarii and C. hesperidum relative to within-genus divergence of other scale insects, were used to assess the taxonomic status of Taiwansaissetia. The autapomorphic features of Taiwansaissetia that differentiate it from typical species of Coccus might be due to its myrmecophilous habit and adaptation to living inside ant nests -most other species of Coccus live externally on their host plants. Since its description in 1896, T. formicarii has been placed in four different genera: here we transfer it back to Coccus as C. formicarii (Green) stat.rev. We rediagnose the genus Coccus to accommodate the features of C. formicarii. This study also found that Coccus might not be monophyletic, warranting further study of the group.

The interactions between insect herbivores and their hosts are among the most fundamental biologi... more The interactions between insect herbivores and their hosts are among the most fundamental biological associations. Although there are many data available on the host associations of scale insects, there have been few attempts to synthesize the available information. Here we examine host associations of Coccidae, the third most species-rich family of scale insects. We compare host-plant data for most species of coccids that were available from online databases, especially ScaleNet, and the literature, with species richness estimates for host-plant families. Similar to most insect groups, coccids showed high host specialization with about 64% of species recorded from only a single plant family. Analysis of the relationship between species richness of host-plant families and the number of species of coccids recorded on these plants showed a significant positive correlation between host-plant species richness per angiosperm plant family and coccid species richness (P < 0.0001). This is expected under a null model in which host use is randomly distributed across families according to plant species richness of the families. However, the presence of several exceptions (Orchidaceae and Asteraceae in particular) warns that host associations in coccids might be more complex than the correlation analysis suggests.

Currently recognised species of scale insect are frequently being found to actually comprise cryp... more Currently recognised species of scale insect are frequently being found to actually comprise cryptic species complexes. This is of particular relevance to quarantine because scale insects are among the worst invasive pests worldwide. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is a cosmopolitan, parthenogenetic and extremely polyphagous pest feeding on more than 80 families of host plants. Previous work on adult female morphology for this species suggested that it might be a species complex. Here, we assess the cryptic species status of P. nigra using DNA sequences from five gene regions: 18S, 28S, EF1α, COI and Dynamin. Different analyses (maximum parsimony, neighbour-joining and Bayesian inference) of separate gene regions all converged on the same result. Our results have important implications for how this pest species is considered for quarantine purposes.

Currently, there are four tribes recognized within the species-rich coccid subfamily Coccinae, na... more Currently, there are four tribes recognized within the species-rich coccid subfamily Coccinae, namely Coccini, Paralecaniini, Pulvinariini and Saissetiini. The subfamily comprises many genera and species of notorious agricultural pests, including Coccus hesperidum, Parasaissetia nigra, Parthenolecanium corni and Saissetia coffeae. The tribal classification is currently based primarily on the morphology of adult females and, to date, there have been no tests of monophyly of any of the tribes using DNA sequence data. Here we test the monophyly of the tribe Saissetiini using DNA sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial genes, and including multiple representatives from other tribes of Coccinae.

Phytophagous insects and their hosts are a major component of the diversity of life. Although the... more Phytophagous insects and their hosts are a major component of the diversity of life. Although the host associations of many insect groups have been studied, coccids or soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) have received little attention. With over 1100 species described to date, coccids are the third most species-rich family of scale insects (Coccoidea) and occur on more than 200 families of host-plants. This study aims to investigate the relationships between coccid species richness and host-plant diversity. However, the current identification of species and above-genus level classifications of Coccidae are morphologically-driven and poorly resolved. This study also used the data from multiple resources to reconstruct robust phylogenies of Coccidae in order to test species boundaries in widely-distributed species, and to test the monophyly of higher level classifications. There have been few attempts to synthesise the available information of the associations between scale insects and ...

Based on genetic studies, some morphologically recognised species of scale insects have been foun... more Based on genetic studies, some morphologically recognised species of scale insects have been found to be cryptic species complexes. This is of particular relevance to quarantine because scale insects are among the worst invasive pests worldwide. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) and Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1852) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) are two cosmopolitan, parthenogenetic and extremely polyphagous pests feeding on more than eighty different families of host plants. Previous work on adult female morphology, particularly for P. nigra, suggests the existence of cryptic diversity. We test whether the two species are actually cryptic species complexes using a coalescent species model approach and DNA sequences from five gene regions (18S, 28S, EF1α, COI and Dynamin). Our results have important implications for how the two pest species are treated and managed by quarantine practitioners.

Thirteen genera, including 116 species, of soft scales comprise the tribe Saissetiini (Hemiptera:... more Thirteen genera, including 116 species, of soft scales comprise the tribe Saissetiini (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae: Coccinae): Acantholecanium Borchsenius, Cajalecanium Gómez-Menor Ortega, Couturierina Matile-Ferrero & Ruyet, Etiennea Matile-Ferrero, Eutaxia Green, Hemilecanium Newstead, Megalecanium Hempel, Parasaissetia Takahashi, Parthenolecanium Šulc, Platysaissetia Cockerell, Saissetia Déplanche, Stictolecanium Cockerell, and Udinia De Lotto. Saissetiini are found mainly in Afrotropical and Neotropical regions. All are plant parasites, and some are notorious agricultural pests. They differ from other Coccidae primarily in (i) the presence of a broad submarginal band of ventral tubular ducts; (ii) frequent lack of dorsal tubular ducts; (iii) general presence of dorsal tubercles and pocket-like sclerotizations; and (iv) 10-loci pregenital disc-pores, which can extend onto the thorax or even the head. The tribe may be subdivided into four reasonably distinct genus-groups based ...

The extraordinarily species-rich insect herbivores and their host plants are a major component of... more The extraordinarily species-rich insect herbivores and their host plants are a major component of the observed diversity of life on earth. Insect-plant interactions are among the most fundamental biological associations, but how they drive diversification is still not well understood. Here, we use data from an online database (ScaleNet) to examine host associations of Coccidae, a species-rich family of scale insects, to try to determine how host use might drive diversity in the group. There is a strong and significant correlation between host-plant species richness (per family) and coccid species richness on a host plant family. Furthermore, we find a significant positive relationship host plant richness (family) and coccid species diversity at the genus level. Our results indicate that 1) coccid species-level diversity is correlated to host breadth at the genus level, and 2) diversification of this family might be associated with host plant species richness. That is, host-plant div...

Lin_etal_2017_praetermissus_Appendix

Systematic and Applied Acarology, 2020

Zootaxa, May 26, 2017

PloS one, 2017

Systematic Entomology, 2013