Diwas Pradhan | National Dairy Reserach Institute (N.D.R.I. ) Karnal (INDIA) (original) (raw)
Papers by Diwas Pradhan
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
BioResources
Bamboo biomass is a potential source of monomeric sugars containing a high cellulose content with... more Bamboo biomass is a potential source of monomeric sugars containing a high cellulose content with a low amount of lignin. However, for efficient hydrolysis, an effective biomass pretreatment technique is required to minimize the lignin content and other barrier components. In the present study, bamboo biomass was treated with different physical, chemical, biological, and combined treatments to reduce the lignin content. Among all the pretreatments, the maximum lignin removal amount (14.5%) was obtained with the combined chemical and biological treatment under 2% NaOH + 1% H2O2 + WDP2 fungal culture (5 plugs) conditions. In addition, the ligninolytic fungus and NaOH pretreatment was primarily effective in removing lignins, whereas the H2O2 pretreatment efficiently minimized cellulose crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to analyze the structural changes of the raw and treated biomass. The structural analysis indicated th...
Biological and Chemical Hazards in Food and Food Products, Apr 4, 2022
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
The Sanskrit word panchagavya means the “mixture of five cow products”, viz. dung, urine, milk, c... more The Sanskrit word panchagavya means the “mixture of five cow products”, viz. dung, urine, milk, curd and ghee. The present study involves standardization of method for preparation of panchagavya formulations on the basis of antimicrobial activity. For that, panchagavya prepared in three different ratios (A, B and C) were kept for fermentation at two different temperatures (37° and 25°C) up to 30 days. At 10 days interval, raw samples and their distillates were analyzed for pH and antimicrobial activities against selected indicator strains. The ratio A, B and C had pH value 7.49±0.09, 8.01±0.16 and 8.23±0.26, respectively at 0 day while distillate of corresponding samples showed pH towards the alkaline side. On fermentation the pH value of RA and its distillate shifted towards acidic side while that of ratio B and C and their distillate towards alkaline side. No antibacterial activity was observed against gram negative bacteria. The distillate of ratio A (DRA) fermented at 37°C showe...
Biological and Chemical Hazards in Food and Food Products, Apr 4, 2022
LWT, 2021
Abstract The study was carried out to screen potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus spp. Fo... more Abstract The study was carried out to screen potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus spp. For its synbiotic antibacterial action with garlic extract against Salmonella strains in vitro. Initially, five Lactobacillus isolates viz. L. plantarum NG6, AM3, DS11, NG13 and L. paracasei DB3 isolated from faecal sources were selected based on its antimicrobial activity against Salmonella strains. The five Lactobacillus strains demonstrated good level of in vitro probiotic attributes in terms of acid and bile tolerance, auto- and co-aggregation, BSH activity and cell surface hydrophobicity. Multivariate PCA analysis and heatmap visualization of the probiotic atrributes of the five strains confirmed L. plantarum NG6 as the best probiotic lactobacilli. Based on the results of the antimicrobial testing of various concentration of garlic extract (GE) it was observed that 12.5% GE showed bactericidal effect against both Salmonella Typhi and Typhimurium, but not against Lactobacillus spp., rather the combination demonstrated synergistic antimicrobial action against the test strains which was also validated by Scanning electron microscopy. Overall, the study is a first attempt to demonstrate that probiotics can be combined with herbal preparations such as garlic to fight against Salmonella, which can further pave way for development of more natural formulations for combating gastrointestinal infections.
Probiotics in the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases, 2022
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021
The increase in concern from viable cells of probiotics specifically in acute inflammatory condit... more The increase in concern from viable cells of probiotics specifically in acute inflammatory conditions has led to the emergence of the concept of postbiotics as a safer alternative therapy in the field of health and wellness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of surface proteins from three probiotic strains in dextran sodium sulfate and trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid = induced colitis mouse models. The molecular weight of total surface proteins extracted from the three probiotic strains ranged from ∼25 to ∼250 kDa with the presence of negligible levels of endotoxins. Surface layer proteins (SLPs) (∼45 kDa) were found to be present only in the Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM strain. In the in vivo study, significant differences were not observed in the weight loss and general appetite, however, the decrease in colon length was apparent in TNBS colitis control mice. Further, the administration of these surface proteins significantly reversed the histopathological ...
Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2020
SUMMARY Research background In the current scenario of milk production in developing and develope... more SUMMARY Research background In the current scenario of milk production in developing and developed countries, several factors influence the shelf-life of raw milk and add significant numbers of microbial contaminants that drastically lower the initial microbial quality leading to milk spoilage by the time it reaches the processing units. Experimental approach The present study was undertaken to investigate the biopreservative efficacy of reuterin system along with different combinations of bacteriocins in controlling the initial microflora of raw milk at farm level. Lactobacillus reuteri strain LR47, having effective antimicrobial activity, was shortlisted from our previous study and further characterized for reuterin production and tested in raw milk system. Results and conclusions Preliminary testing of the cell-free supernatant from L. reuteri LR47 demonstrated significant growth inhibition of the majority of the tested bacterial indicators of milk spoilage. Further genetic analy...
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2017
Indian journal of dairy science, 2017
Bamboo biomass is a potential source for the production of monomeric sugars containing high cellu... more Bamboo biomass is a potential source for the production of monomeric sugars containing high cellulose content with low amount of lignin. However, for efficient hydrolysis, the biomass treatment by effective pretreatment technique is required to minimize lignin content and other barrier components. During present study, the bamboo biomass was treated with different physical, chemical, biological and combined treatments to reduce the lignin content. Among all the pretreatments, the maximum lignin removal (14.5%) was obtained with the combined chemical and biological treatment under 2% NaOH+1% H2O2 +WDP2 fungal culture (5 plugs) conditions. In addition, lignolytic fungus and NaOH pretreatment was mainly effective in removing lignin, whereas the H2O2 pretreatment efficiently minimize cellulose crystallinity. To analyze structural changes of raw and treated biomass, we used scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The structural analysis indicated that al...
The present study was carried out to test the efficacy of liposome-alginate-guar gum encapsulated... more The present study was carried out to test the efficacy of liposome-alginate-guar gum encapsulated pediocin, a class-II bacteriocin against L. innocua in milk system. Initially, Ultra-turrax homogenizer was used to prepare a coarse emulsion of phospholipid in pediocin solution. Nanoliposomes prepared by high pressure homogenization showed a decrease in liposome size with increase in homogenization pressure and decrease in particle size distribution with increase in number of cycles. The hybrid capsules were compared for its efficacy to deliver pediocin in milk system. However, the encapsulation in alginate as well as in liposomes failed to enhance pediocin activity and inhibit the growth of L. innocua in milk system at both the tested temperatures. Hence, the efficacy of the developed microcapsules can change in different food matrices, which necessitates the microcapsules to be extensively studied for its release mechanics in the respective system before testing against target organ...
International Dairy Journal, 2021
Fermented foods and beverages are consumed globally as an integral part of daily diet. The unique... more Fermented foods and beverages are consumed globally as an integral part of daily diet. The uniqueness of fermented milk products originated in India are an outcome of dynamic socio-cultural habits developed over the centuries. The vast microbial diversity and metabolic footprints of these products correspond to their regional specific techno-functional and sensory attributes. Though these products are believed to have several beneficial health effects, few scientific efforts have been made to generate corroborative evidences supporting these hypothesised claims. Moreover, limited attempts have been made to holistically determine their microbial and functional metabolite profile using emerging ‘omics’ approaches. This review focuses on exploring the rich microbial diversity and functionality of traditional fermented milk products of India with subsequent outlook on the potential of ‘omics’ like culturomics, metagenomics and metabolomics in strengthening the existing repertoire of mic...
Lactobacilli have a long history of safe use in human nutrition, however, inclusion of any new st... more Lactobacilli have a long history of safe use in human nutrition, however, inclusion of any new strain, despite its safe usage evidence, warrants proper analysis of its safety and toxicity under the purview of existing regulations. In the present investigation, Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5690 and Lactobacillus fermentum MTCC 5689 were evaluated for their safety and toxicity using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. The in vitro assays included mucin degradation, hemolytic activity, biogenic amine production and platelet aggregation assay. The safety was also assessed using acute, subacute and subchronic assays, bacterial translocation studies, intravenous and intravenous administration and genotoxicity assay in murine model. The outcome of this toxicological safety assessment indicated that both the test strains lacked any harmful metabolic activity or any genotoxic effects. Furthermore, the results of oral toxicity studies in mice revealed that short term administration of high ...
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2018
Currently there is great deal of interest worldwide in improving the utilization of low quality r... more Currently there is great deal of interest worldwide in improving the utilization of low quality roughage and straw. Paddy straw contains only 3% protein and 1900 kcal DE/kg of straw. Because of low nutritive value, it alone cannot support normal growth and development of animals. In spite of large production in India, only a small proportion of rice straw is utilized rest is burnt in the field leading to serious air pollution. Despite the improvements of crop residues through various processing methods such as physical and chemical, the efficient utilization to desirable extent is still awaited. To utilize this crop residue judiciously, there is a need for improvement of its nutritive value to promote its utilization through ensiling. Ensiling is a preservation way, but it could be beneficial, if good and scientific efforts are followed in making silage. Understanding the fundamental principle of ensiling is a prerequisite for successful silage product. Prominent factors influencing...
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
BioResources
Bamboo biomass is a potential source of monomeric sugars containing a high cellulose content with... more Bamboo biomass is a potential source of monomeric sugars containing a high cellulose content with a low amount of lignin. However, for efficient hydrolysis, an effective biomass pretreatment technique is required to minimize the lignin content and other barrier components. In the present study, bamboo biomass was treated with different physical, chemical, biological, and combined treatments to reduce the lignin content. Among all the pretreatments, the maximum lignin removal amount (14.5%) was obtained with the combined chemical and biological treatment under 2% NaOH + 1% H2O2 + WDP2 fungal culture (5 plugs) conditions. In addition, the ligninolytic fungus and NaOH pretreatment was primarily effective in removing lignins, whereas the H2O2 pretreatment efficiently minimized cellulose crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to analyze the structural changes of the raw and treated biomass. The structural analysis indicated th...
Biological and Chemical Hazards in Food and Food Products, Apr 4, 2022
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
The Sanskrit word panchagavya means the “mixture of five cow products”, viz. dung, urine, milk, c... more The Sanskrit word panchagavya means the “mixture of five cow products”, viz. dung, urine, milk, curd and ghee. The present study involves standardization of method for preparation of panchagavya formulations on the basis of antimicrobial activity. For that, panchagavya prepared in three different ratios (A, B and C) were kept for fermentation at two different temperatures (37° and 25°C) up to 30 days. At 10 days interval, raw samples and their distillates were analyzed for pH and antimicrobial activities against selected indicator strains. The ratio A, B and C had pH value 7.49±0.09, 8.01±0.16 and 8.23±0.26, respectively at 0 day while distillate of corresponding samples showed pH towards the alkaline side. On fermentation the pH value of RA and its distillate shifted towards acidic side while that of ratio B and C and their distillate towards alkaline side. No antibacterial activity was observed against gram negative bacteria. The distillate of ratio A (DRA) fermented at 37°C showe...
Biological and Chemical Hazards in Food and Food Products, Apr 4, 2022
LWT, 2021
Abstract The study was carried out to screen potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus spp. Fo... more Abstract The study was carried out to screen potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus spp. For its synbiotic antibacterial action with garlic extract against Salmonella strains in vitro. Initially, five Lactobacillus isolates viz. L. plantarum NG6, AM3, DS11, NG13 and L. paracasei DB3 isolated from faecal sources were selected based on its antimicrobial activity against Salmonella strains. The five Lactobacillus strains demonstrated good level of in vitro probiotic attributes in terms of acid and bile tolerance, auto- and co-aggregation, BSH activity and cell surface hydrophobicity. Multivariate PCA analysis and heatmap visualization of the probiotic atrributes of the five strains confirmed L. plantarum NG6 as the best probiotic lactobacilli. Based on the results of the antimicrobial testing of various concentration of garlic extract (GE) it was observed that 12.5% GE showed bactericidal effect against both Salmonella Typhi and Typhimurium, but not against Lactobacillus spp., rather the combination demonstrated synergistic antimicrobial action against the test strains which was also validated by Scanning electron microscopy. Overall, the study is a first attempt to demonstrate that probiotics can be combined with herbal preparations such as garlic to fight against Salmonella, which can further pave way for development of more natural formulations for combating gastrointestinal infections.
Probiotics in the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases, 2022
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021
The increase in concern from viable cells of probiotics specifically in acute inflammatory condit... more The increase in concern from viable cells of probiotics specifically in acute inflammatory conditions has led to the emergence of the concept of postbiotics as a safer alternative therapy in the field of health and wellness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of surface proteins from three probiotic strains in dextran sodium sulfate and trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid = induced colitis mouse models. The molecular weight of total surface proteins extracted from the three probiotic strains ranged from ∼25 to ∼250 kDa with the presence of negligible levels of endotoxins. Surface layer proteins (SLPs) (∼45 kDa) were found to be present only in the Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM strain. In the in vivo study, significant differences were not observed in the weight loss and general appetite, however, the decrease in colon length was apparent in TNBS colitis control mice. Further, the administration of these surface proteins significantly reversed the histopathological ...
Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2020
SUMMARY Research background In the current scenario of milk production in developing and develope... more SUMMARY Research background In the current scenario of milk production in developing and developed countries, several factors influence the shelf-life of raw milk and add significant numbers of microbial contaminants that drastically lower the initial microbial quality leading to milk spoilage by the time it reaches the processing units. Experimental approach The present study was undertaken to investigate the biopreservative efficacy of reuterin system along with different combinations of bacteriocins in controlling the initial microflora of raw milk at farm level. Lactobacillus reuteri strain LR47, having effective antimicrobial activity, was shortlisted from our previous study and further characterized for reuterin production and tested in raw milk system. Results and conclusions Preliminary testing of the cell-free supernatant from L. reuteri LR47 demonstrated significant growth inhibition of the majority of the tested bacterial indicators of milk spoilage. Further genetic analy...
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2017
Indian journal of dairy science, 2017
Bamboo biomass is a potential source for the production of monomeric sugars containing high cellu... more Bamboo biomass is a potential source for the production of monomeric sugars containing high cellulose content with low amount of lignin. However, for efficient hydrolysis, the biomass treatment by effective pretreatment technique is required to minimize lignin content and other barrier components. During present study, the bamboo biomass was treated with different physical, chemical, biological and combined treatments to reduce the lignin content. Among all the pretreatments, the maximum lignin removal (14.5%) was obtained with the combined chemical and biological treatment under 2% NaOH+1% H2O2 +WDP2 fungal culture (5 plugs) conditions. In addition, lignolytic fungus and NaOH pretreatment was mainly effective in removing lignin, whereas the H2O2 pretreatment efficiently minimize cellulose crystallinity. To analyze structural changes of raw and treated biomass, we used scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The structural analysis indicated that al...
The present study was carried out to test the efficacy of liposome-alginate-guar gum encapsulated... more The present study was carried out to test the efficacy of liposome-alginate-guar gum encapsulated pediocin, a class-II bacteriocin against L. innocua in milk system. Initially, Ultra-turrax homogenizer was used to prepare a coarse emulsion of phospholipid in pediocin solution. Nanoliposomes prepared by high pressure homogenization showed a decrease in liposome size with increase in homogenization pressure and decrease in particle size distribution with increase in number of cycles. The hybrid capsules were compared for its efficacy to deliver pediocin in milk system. However, the encapsulation in alginate as well as in liposomes failed to enhance pediocin activity and inhibit the growth of L. innocua in milk system at both the tested temperatures. Hence, the efficacy of the developed microcapsules can change in different food matrices, which necessitates the microcapsules to be extensively studied for its release mechanics in the respective system before testing against target organ...
International Dairy Journal, 2021
Fermented foods and beverages are consumed globally as an integral part of daily diet. The unique... more Fermented foods and beverages are consumed globally as an integral part of daily diet. The uniqueness of fermented milk products originated in India are an outcome of dynamic socio-cultural habits developed over the centuries. The vast microbial diversity and metabolic footprints of these products correspond to their regional specific techno-functional and sensory attributes. Though these products are believed to have several beneficial health effects, few scientific efforts have been made to generate corroborative evidences supporting these hypothesised claims. Moreover, limited attempts have been made to holistically determine their microbial and functional metabolite profile using emerging ‘omics’ approaches. This review focuses on exploring the rich microbial diversity and functionality of traditional fermented milk products of India with subsequent outlook on the potential of ‘omics’ like culturomics, metagenomics and metabolomics in strengthening the existing repertoire of mic...
Lactobacilli have a long history of safe use in human nutrition, however, inclusion of any new st... more Lactobacilli have a long history of safe use in human nutrition, however, inclusion of any new strain, despite its safe usage evidence, warrants proper analysis of its safety and toxicity under the purview of existing regulations. In the present investigation, Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5690 and Lactobacillus fermentum MTCC 5689 were evaluated for their safety and toxicity using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. The in vitro assays included mucin degradation, hemolytic activity, biogenic amine production and platelet aggregation assay. The safety was also assessed using acute, subacute and subchronic assays, bacterial translocation studies, intravenous and intravenous administration and genotoxicity assay in murine model. The outcome of this toxicological safety assessment indicated that both the test strains lacked any harmful metabolic activity or any genotoxic effects. Furthermore, the results of oral toxicity studies in mice revealed that short term administration of high ...
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2018
Currently there is great deal of interest worldwide in improving the utilization of low quality r... more Currently there is great deal of interest worldwide in improving the utilization of low quality roughage and straw. Paddy straw contains only 3% protein and 1900 kcal DE/kg of straw. Because of low nutritive value, it alone cannot support normal growth and development of animals. In spite of large production in India, only a small proportion of rice straw is utilized rest is burnt in the field leading to serious air pollution. Despite the improvements of crop residues through various processing methods such as physical and chemical, the efficient utilization to desirable extent is still awaited. To utilize this crop residue judiciously, there is a need for improvement of its nutritive value to promote its utilization through ensiling. Ensiling is a preservation way, but it could be beneficial, if good and scientific efforts are followed in making silage. Understanding the fundamental principle of ensiling is a prerequisite for successful silage product. Prominent factors influencing...