Anil Kumar | National Dairy Reserach Institute (N.D.R.I. ) Karnal (INDIA) (original) (raw)

Papers by Anil Kumar

Journal of Dairy Science and Technology, 2018

MALDI-TOF MS is a soft ionization technique suitable for analysis of peptides, proteins, glycopro... more MALDI-TOF MS is a soft ionization technique suitable for analysis of peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, oligosaccharides and oligonucleotides etc. In dairy sector, it can be used to analyze milk proteins, to identify adulteration in milk, isolation of phospholipids, characterization of proteins and enzymes of the microorganisms used in manufacture of cheese and other fermented products. In food industry, it can be used for evaluation and determination of fructo-oligosaccharides, inulins, certain pigments and flavor compounds present in different foods. This technique has found applications in a variety of disciplines including proteomics, glycomics, dairy, food, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, and physics. The purpose of this review is to summarize the contribution of the studies already performed with MALDI-TOF MS concerning dairy and related sectors. Keywords: MALDI-TOF, detector, mass analyser, laser, reflectron, spectrum, ionisation

MOJ Food Processing & Technology, 2015

Fatty acid composition of milk fat is also greatly affected by season, breed, species, parity, st... more Fatty acid composition of milk fat is also greatly affected by season, breed, species, parity, stage of lactation etc., 6-8 which further complicate the situation of adulteration because it broaden the overall range of each fatty acid. Milk fat is uniquely distinct from other fats being the only fat containing short chain fatty acids. 9-12 Whereas, vegetable oils/fats are rich in linoleic acid 13,14 and animal depot fat are rich in oleic acid. 15 Therefore, by keeping all these aspects about fatty acid composition of different oils/fats, an attempt was made to detect adulteration in milk fat with soybean oil and buffalo depot fat using Gas liquid chromatography technique. Materials and methods Samples preparation Cow and buffalo milk fat samples were prepared from their respective milks using creamery butter method. 16 Refined soybean oil of a well-known brand was procured from the local market of Karnal, Haryana. Buffalo adipose tissue was collected from abattoir located at Keshavpuram, New Delhi and its fat was extracted by heat clarification at 140˚C followed by filtration using ordinary filter paper and finally with Whatman No. 4 using vacuum filter assembly. Cow milk was a mixture of the milk obtained from the herd of Karan Swiss, Karan Fries, Sahiwal and Tharparkar breeds. Buffalo milk was also herd milk from the Murrah breed only. In order to eliminate the effects due to season, samples were collected at two months interval over a period

Journal of Dairy Science and Technology, 2018

Antioxidant activities of vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa) extracts were evaluated and compared wit... more Antioxidant activities of vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa) extracts were evaluated and compared with BHA, TBHQ, rosemary and green tea using a β-carotene bleaching assay, a 2, 2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the Rancimat method. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity (β-carotene–linoleic acid model system and DPPH assay) of ethanolic extract of vidarikand was more compared to its aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract of the vidarikand was more effective in preventing the development of the peroxide value and conjugated diene value in ghee compared to its aqueous extract. Vidarikand ethanolic extract showed the higher induction period as compared to its aqueous extract in the Rancimat. Keywords: antioxidant activity, ghee (butter oil), vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa), phenolic content, radical-scavenging activity, rancimat, antioxidant activity

Two type of adulterants i.e. soybean oil (SO) and buffalo depot fat (BDF) along with pure cow and... more Two type of adulterants i.e. soybean oil (SO) and buffalo depot fat (BDF) along with pure cow and buffalo milk fats, collected and prepared after every two months of interval for a complete one year, were analyzed for their fatty acid composition using gas liquid chromatography. Both the adulterants were added individually at 5, 10 and 15 percent levels (v/v) as well as in their combinations at 5+5 (10), 10+10 (20) and 15+15 (30) percent levels (v/v) in both types of milk fat separately. It was observed that soybean oil consisted of high amount (51.86 percent) of linoleic (C18:2) acid, while buffalo depot fat possessed high content (49.17 percent) of oleic (C18:1) acid. Milk fats from both the species of cow and buffalo were found containing more of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids. The results revealed that the SO was detected even at 5 percent level using linoleic (C18:2) acid as marker, while BDF was detectable at 5 percent level using oleic (C18:1) acid as the base. When the ratios of some fatty acids (C14:0/C16:0, C14:0/C18:1, C14:0/C18:2, C16:0/C18:1, C16:0/C18:2 and C18:0/C18:2) were calculated for detecting adulteration, it was noticed that two fatty acid ratios (C14:0/C18:1 and C14:0/C18:2) were found more useful in detecting adulteration in maximum number (78 percent) of samples. Whereas, on the basis of the ratios of sum of C4:0 to C14:1 / sum of C15:0 to C20:0 fatty acids and vice-versa, addition of both the adulterants at all the levels (added individually as well as in their combinations) in both the milk fats was easily detected.

This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositorie... more This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

Cow milk protein induce wide spectrum of allergic disorders in infants and young children causing... more Cow milk protein induce wide spectrum of allergic disorders in infants and young children causing undesirable effects such as irritation in the respiratory and gastrointestinal track, dermatitis, diarrhea and nausea. Varying estimates of the incidence from 1.8 to 7.5% of infants have been reported. A number of studies have shown that the major risk factors of milk allergy are a positive family history of allergy, atopic diseases and early exposure to cow milk. Among milk proteins, -lactoglobulin, has attracted the attention of many researchers as being the main allergenic substance because its absence in human milk. Although more than 20 types of proteins may cause allergy, but their degree of allergenicity differs. The incidence and dominant allergic mechanisms changes with increasing age. IgE-mediated reactions common in infancy and non IgE-mediated reactions dominating in adults. There is currently no cure for CMA and the only effective management strategy is avoidance of intact cow's milk proteins throughout the duration of the disease. Hypoallergenic infant formulas are available for CMA infants who cannot be breast-fed, while for adults with CMA the inclusion of milk proteins in an ever-expending array of processed foods provides an increasing challenge to the management of their conditions.

X-ray crystallography (XRC) is the study of crystals using X-rays. XRC is the primary method in w... more X-ray crystallography (XRC) is the study of crystals using X-rays. XRC is the primary method in which detailed structure of molecules especially molecules that pertain to living systems have been visualized and discovered by exposing a well-ordered crystal of a substance to X-rays and finally generating the structural information from the spots produced on a film due to this impact. X-ray crystallography has been used for analysis of liquid milk, milk powders, milkstones, polymorphism of milk fat and most widely and importantly in discovering the structure of most of the milk proteins and thus helping in correlating their structure with possible functions.

MALDI-TOF MS is a soft ionization technique suitable for analysis of peptides, proteins, glycopro... more MALDI-TOF MS is a soft ionization technique suitable for analysis of peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, oligosaccharides and oligonucleotides etc. In dairy sector, it can be used to analyze milk proteins, to identify adulteration in milk, isolation of phospholipids, characterization of proteins and enzymes of the microorganisms used in manufacture of cheese and other fermented products. In food industry, it can be used for evaluation and determination of fructo-oligosaccharides, inulins, certain pigments and flavor compounds present in different foods. This technique has found applications in a variety of disciplines including proteomics, glycomics, dairy, food, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, and physics. The purpose of this review is to summarize the contribution of the studies already performed with MALDI-TOF MS concerning dairy and related sectors.

NALDI-TOF (Nanotechnology-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of flight mass spectrometry) ... more NALDI-TOF (Nanotechnology-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of flight mass spectrometry) is a matrix free soft laser base MS technology used for low molecular weight hydrophobic biomolecule and organic molecule. NALDI-TOF MS is the new generation of Mass Spectrophotometers after MALDI-TOF MS. Its analyzing capacity is far better than MALDI-TOF MS in terms of speed, sensitivity and accuracy. This technique has found applications in a variety of disciplines including dairy, food, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, agriculture and physics. The purpose of this review is to summarize the contribution of the studies already performed with NALDI-TOF MS concerning dairy and related sectors.

Four wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars were evaluated for morphological and physico-chemical ch... more Four wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars were evaluated for morphological and physico-chemical characteristics. Wheat cultivars were milled and gluten was extracted from obtained flour. Wet gluten yield, gluten index, dry gluten yield and moisture content of wet gluten and dry gluten were determined. The water and oil absorption capacity of gluten was determined. The wet gluten yield, gluten index and dry gluten yield was lowest for PBW-343 and highest for RAJ-3765. The oil and water absorption capacity was highest for PBW-343.

Antioxidant activities of vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa) extracts were evaluated and compared wit... more Antioxidant activities of vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa) extracts were evaluated and compared with BHA, TBHQ, rosemary and green tea using a β-carotene bleaching assay, a 2, 2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the Rancimat method. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity (β-carotene-linoleic acid model system and DPPH assay) of ethanolic extract of vidarikand was more compared to its aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract of the vidarikand was more effective in preventing the development of the peroxide value and conjugated diene value in ghee compared to its aqueous extract. Vidarikand ethanolic extract showed the higher induction period as compared to its aqueous extract in the Rancimat.

Journal of Dairy Science and Technology, 2018

MALDI-TOF MS is a soft ionization technique suitable for analysis of peptides, proteins, glycopro... more MALDI-TOF MS is a soft ionization technique suitable for analysis of peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, oligosaccharides and oligonucleotides etc. In dairy sector, it can be used to analyze milk proteins, to identify adulteration in milk, isolation of phospholipids, characterization of proteins and enzymes of the microorganisms used in manufacture of cheese and other fermented products. In food industry, it can be used for evaluation and determination of fructo-oligosaccharides, inulins, certain pigments and flavor compounds present in different foods. This technique has found applications in a variety of disciplines including proteomics, glycomics, dairy, food, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, and physics. The purpose of this review is to summarize the contribution of the studies already performed with MALDI-TOF MS concerning dairy and related sectors. Keywords: MALDI-TOF, detector, mass analyser, laser, reflectron, spectrum, ionisation

MOJ Food Processing & Technology, 2015

Fatty acid composition of milk fat is also greatly affected by season, breed, species, parity, st... more Fatty acid composition of milk fat is also greatly affected by season, breed, species, parity, stage of lactation etc., 6-8 which further complicate the situation of adulteration because it broaden the overall range of each fatty acid. Milk fat is uniquely distinct from other fats being the only fat containing short chain fatty acids. 9-12 Whereas, vegetable oils/fats are rich in linoleic acid 13,14 and animal depot fat are rich in oleic acid. 15 Therefore, by keeping all these aspects about fatty acid composition of different oils/fats, an attempt was made to detect adulteration in milk fat with soybean oil and buffalo depot fat using Gas liquid chromatography technique. Materials and methods Samples preparation Cow and buffalo milk fat samples were prepared from their respective milks using creamery butter method. 16 Refined soybean oil of a well-known brand was procured from the local market of Karnal, Haryana. Buffalo adipose tissue was collected from abattoir located at Keshavpuram, New Delhi and its fat was extracted by heat clarification at 140˚C followed by filtration using ordinary filter paper and finally with Whatman No. 4 using vacuum filter assembly. Cow milk was a mixture of the milk obtained from the herd of Karan Swiss, Karan Fries, Sahiwal and Tharparkar breeds. Buffalo milk was also herd milk from the Murrah breed only. In order to eliminate the effects due to season, samples were collected at two months interval over a period

Journal of Dairy Science and Technology, 2018

Antioxidant activities of vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa) extracts were evaluated and compared wit... more Antioxidant activities of vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa) extracts were evaluated and compared with BHA, TBHQ, rosemary and green tea using a β-carotene bleaching assay, a 2, 2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the Rancimat method. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity (β-carotene–linoleic acid model system and DPPH assay) of ethanolic extract of vidarikand was more compared to its aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract of the vidarikand was more effective in preventing the development of the peroxide value and conjugated diene value in ghee compared to its aqueous extract. Vidarikand ethanolic extract showed the higher induction period as compared to its aqueous extract in the Rancimat. Keywords: antioxidant activity, ghee (butter oil), vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa), phenolic content, radical-scavenging activity, rancimat, antioxidant activity

Two type of adulterants i.e. soybean oil (SO) and buffalo depot fat (BDF) along with pure cow and... more Two type of adulterants i.e. soybean oil (SO) and buffalo depot fat (BDF) along with pure cow and buffalo milk fats, collected and prepared after every two months of interval for a complete one year, were analyzed for their fatty acid composition using gas liquid chromatography. Both the adulterants were added individually at 5, 10 and 15 percent levels (v/v) as well as in their combinations at 5+5 (10), 10+10 (20) and 15+15 (30) percent levels (v/v) in both types of milk fat separately. It was observed that soybean oil consisted of high amount (51.86 percent) of linoleic (C18:2) acid, while buffalo depot fat possessed high content (49.17 percent) of oleic (C18:1) acid. Milk fats from both the species of cow and buffalo were found containing more of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids. The results revealed that the SO was detected even at 5 percent level using linoleic (C18:2) acid as marker, while BDF was detectable at 5 percent level using oleic (C18:1) acid as the base. When the ratios of some fatty acids (C14:0/C16:0, C14:0/C18:1, C14:0/C18:2, C16:0/C18:1, C16:0/C18:2 and C18:0/C18:2) were calculated for detecting adulteration, it was noticed that two fatty acid ratios (C14:0/C18:1 and C14:0/C18:2) were found more useful in detecting adulteration in maximum number (78 percent) of samples. Whereas, on the basis of the ratios of sum of C4:0 to C14:1 / sum of C15:0 to C20:0 fatty acids and vice-versa, addition of both the adulterants at all the levels (added individually as well as in their combinations) in both the milk fats was easily detected.

This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositorie... more This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

Cow milk protein induce wide spectrum of allergic disorders in infants and young children causing... more Cow milk protein induce wide spectrum of allergic disorders in infants and young children causing undesirable effects such as irritation in the respiratory and gastrointestinal track, dermatitis, diarrhea and nausea. Varying estimates of the incidence from 1.8 to 7.5% of infants have been reported. A number of studies have shown that the major risk factors of milk allergy are a positive family history of allergy, atopic diseases and early exposure to cow milk. Among milk proteins, -lactoglobulin, has attracted the attention of many researchers as being the main allergenic substance because its absence in human milk. Although more than 20 types of proteins may cause allergy, but their degree of allergenicity differs. The incidence and dominant allergic mechanisms changes with increasing age. IgE-mediated reactions common in infancy and non IgE-mediated reactions dominating in adults. There is currently no cure for CMA and the only effective management strategy is avoidance of intact cow's milk proteins throughout the duration of the disease. Hypoallergenic infant formulas are available for CMA infants who cannot be breast-fed, while for adults with CMA the inclusion of milk proteins in an ever-expending array of processed foods provides an increasing challenge to the management of their conditions.

X-ray crystallography (XRC) is the study of crystals using X-rays. XRC is the primary method in w... more X-ray crystallography (XRC) is the study of crystals using X-rays. XRC is the primary method in which detailed structure of molecules especially molecules that pertain to living systems have been visualized and discovered by exposing a well-ordered crystal of a substance to X-rays and finally generating the structural information from the spots produced on a film due to this impact. X-ray crystallography has been used for analysis of liquid milk, milk powders, milkstones, polymorphism of milk fat and most widely and importantly in discovering the structure of most of the milk proteins and thus helping in correlating their structure with possible functions.

MALDI-TOF MS is a soft ionization technique suitable for analysis of peptides, proteins, glycopro... more MALDI-TOF MS is a soft ionization technique suitable for analysis of peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, oligosaccharides and oligonucleotides etc. In dairy sector, it can be used to analyze milk proteins, to identify adulteration in milk, isolation of phospholipids, characterization of proteins and enzymes of the microorganisms used in manufacture of cheese and other fermented products. In food industry, it can be used for evaluation and determination of fructo-oligosaccharides, inulins, certain pigments and flavor compounds present in different foods. This technique has found applications in a variety of disciplines including proteomics, glycomics, dairy, food, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, and physics. The purpose of this review is to summarize the contribution of the studies already performed with MALDI-TOF MS concerning dairy and related sectors.

NALDI-TOF (Nanotechnology-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of flight mass spectrometry) ... more NALDI-TOF (Nanotechnology-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of flight mass spectrometry) is a matrix free soft laser base MS technology used for low molecular weight hydrophobic biomolecule and organic molecule. NALDI-TOF MS is the new generation of Mass Spectrophotometers after MALDI-TOF MS. Its analyzing capacity is far better than MALDI-TOF MS in terms of speed, sensitivity and accuracy. This technique has found applications in a variety of disciplines including dairy, food, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, agriculture and physics. The purpose of this review is to summarize the contribution of the studies already performed with NALDI-TOF MS concerning dairy and related sectors.

Four wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars were evaluated for morphological and physico-chemical ch... more Four wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars were evaluated for morphological and physico-chemical characteristics. Wheat cultivars were milled and gluten was extracted from obtained flour. Wet gluten yield, gluten index, dry gluten yield and moisture content of wet gluten and dry gluten were determined. The water and oil absorption capacity of gluten was determined. The wet gluten yield, gluten index and dry gluten yield was lowest for PBW-343 and highest for RAJ-3765. The oil and water absorption capacity was highest for PBW-343.

Antioxidant activities of vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa) extracts were evaluated and compared wit... more Antioxidant activities of vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa) extracts were evaluated and compared with BHA, TBHQ, rosemary and green tea using a β-carotene bleaching assay, a 2, 2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the Rancimat method. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity (β-carotene-linoleic acid model system and DPPH assay) of ethanolic extract of vidarikand was more compared to its aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract of the vidarikand was more effective in preventing the development of the peroxide value and conjugated diene value in ghee compared to its aqueous extract. Vidarikand ethanolic extract showed the higher induction period as compared to its aqueous extract in the Rancimat.