Juan M. Osorno | North Dakota State University (original) (raw)

Papers by Juan M. Osorno

Journal of plant registrations, Apr 4, 2024

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Sep 30, 2023

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2023

Key message A reference study for breeders aiming at maximizing genetic gain in common bean. Depe... more Key message A reference study for breeders aiming at maximizing genetic gain in common bean. Depending on trait heritability and genetic architecture, conventional approaches may provide an advantage over other frameworks. Abstract Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a nutrient dense legume that is consumed by developed and developing nations around the world. The progress to improve this crop has been quite steady. However, with the continued rise in global populations, there are demands to expedite genetic gains. Plant breeders have been at the forefront at increasing yields in the common bean. As breeding programs are both time-consuming and resource intensive, resource allocation must be carefully considered. To assist plant breeders, computer simulations can provide useful information that may then be applied to the real world. This study evaluated multiple breeding scenarios in the common bean and involved five selection strategies, three breeding frameworks, and four different parental population sizes. In addition, the breeding scenarios were implemented in three different traits: days to flowering, white mold tolerance, and seed yield. Results from the study reflect the complexity of breeding programs, with the optimal breeding scenario varying based on trait being selected. Relative genetic gains per cycle of up to 8.69% for seed yield could be obtained under the use of the optimal breeding scenario. Principal component analyses revealed similarity between strategies, where single seed descent and the modified pedigree method would often aggregate. As well, clusters in the direction of the Hamming distance eigenvector are a good indicator of poor performance in a strategy. Abbreviations GS Genomic selection GEBV Genomic estimated breeding value

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, Mar 1, 2009

160 RELEASE OF 'ECLIPSE'BLACK BEAN Juan M. Osorno 1*, Kenneth F... more 160 RELEASE OF 'ECLIPSE'BLACK BEAN Juan M. Osorno 1*, Kenneth F. Grafton 1, Jack B. Rasmussen 2, Gonzalo A. Rojas ... pe rsons a nd i nstitutions: Robin Lamppa (NDSU–Plant Pathology) for inoculum preparation, James Kelly (MSU) for canning tests, Northarvest Bean ...

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Nov 8, 2020

Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil, food and feed legume crop cultivat... more Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil, food and feed legume crop cultivated in over 100 countries on an area of 25.7 Mha with a total production of 42.4 Mt (FAO, 2014). Peanut kernels are essentially rich in oil (48%-50%), carbohydrates (10%-20%) and protein (25%-28%). The kernels are also a good source of several essential bioactive compounds such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, polyphenols, flavonoids and isoflavones (Janila et al., 2013). Among the biotic stresses that constrain peanut production, peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) caused by peanut bud necrosis virus, vectored by Thrips palmi, poses a serious threat to peanut

Frontiers in Plant Science, Nov 15, 2022

Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-S... more Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib., is one of the most devastating diseases in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with seed yield losses up to 100%. Most anthracnose resistance genes thus far identified behave in a dominant manner and were identified by seedling screening. The Middle American Diversity Panel (MDP; n=266) was screened with a modified greenhouse screening method to evaluate the response to anthracnose race 73. Thirty MDP genotypes exhibited resistance to the race of which 16 genotypes were not known to contain anthracnose resistance genes to race 73. GWAS with 93,000 SNP markers identified four genomic regions, two each on Pv01 and Pv10, associated race 73 resistance. A likelihood-ratio-based R2 analysis indicated the peak four SNP markers are responsible for 26% of the observed phenotypic variation, where one SNP, S10_072250, explains 23% of the total variation. SNP S10_072250 is associated with a new region of anthracnose resistance and is in an intron of a ZPR1-like gene. Further greenhouse testing of the 16 resistant lines without previously known resistance to race 73 revealed various levels of resistance under various levels of disease pressure. Disease resistance was further characterized in the field using four representative genotypes. GTS-900 and Remington exhibited field resistance while Merlot and Maverick were susceptible. Field testing with two different fungicide regimes revealed the resistant genotypes had no significant disease differences. The results suggest resistance to anthracnose may differ at various growth stages and that breeders have been selecting for major genes at early seedling stages while ignoring the effect of alternative genes that may be active at later stages. The newly identified resistant lines may be related to Age Related Resistance (ARR) and could be exploited as parental sources of anthracnose resistance in addition to already known major genes. The physical localization of the multiple regions of resistance confirms the presence of two clusters of disease resistance genes on Pv01 and identifies two new regions of anthracnose resistance on Pv10 possibly associated with ARR. Future research Frontiers in Plant Science frontiersin.org 01

Research Square (Research Square), Nov 1, 2022

Genomic selection predicts the breeding value of selection candidates according to genotypes that... more Genomic selection predicts the breeding value of selection candidates according to genotypes that are estimated to have favorable effects based on a model. The effectiveness of genomic selection is strongly tied to its prediction accuracy. Previous studies have evaluated the accuracy of genomic selection using simulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in accuracy of genomic selection based on many known QTLs identi ed in the literature and determine their relationship with true breeding values. Simulation results revealed that correlation-based prediction accuracies (also referred to as realized accuracy) uctuate depending on trait genetic architecture, breeding strategy and the number of initial parents involved in the breeding program. Generally, maximum accuracies were achieved under a mass selection strategy followed by pedigree and single seed descent methods. Model updating bene tted some breeding strategies more than others (e.g., single seed descent vs mass selection). For low heritability traits (i.e., yield), conventional methods provided comparable rates of genetic gain, but genetic gain under genomic selection reached a plateau in a lower number of cycles. Key Message This paper investigates selection accuracies using plant breeding simulations with and without genomic selection model updating. Trait architecture and breeding strategy impact genomic prediction accuracy than initial parent population size.

The dark color of black beans is generally associated with the presence of anthocyanins. Anthocya... more The dark color of black beans is generally associated with the presence of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are phytochemicals known to contribute to improved health due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-cancer benefits. Therefore, the color of canned black beans could potentially predict the total concentration of anthocyanins present. To test this hypothesis, 12 black bean genotypes obtained from North Dakota State University dry bean breeding program were cooked and evaluated for anthocyanin content and color characteristics (L*, hue and chroma) of endproduct. Pearson Correlation statistics was then applied to confirm if color values could be used as a reliable index to predict relative amounts of anthocyanin in cooked beans. Except for chroma, color overall did not prove to be a good predictor of anthocyanin content. Furthermore, genotypes with higher anthocyanin concentrations lost more anthocyanin after soaking and cooking. Results suggest the need to complement breeding with efforts to reduce anthocyanin loss using innovative food processing technologies.

Agronomy Journal, 2017

Core Ideas Black bean cultivars were extremely susceptible to high salinity stress. Seed elicitat... more Core Ideas Black bean cultivars were extremely susceptible to high salinity stress. Seed elicitation improved salinity stress resilience. Chitosan oligosaccharide and marine peptide were used for seed elicitation. Adaptive response to salinity stress varied among black bean cultivars. Seed elicitation induced phenolic‐linked antioxidant enzyme responses. The adaptive responses of plants to abiotic stress include stimulation of secondary metabolites and endogenous antioxidant enzymes through up‐regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Therefore improving abiotic stress resilience in food crops through upregulation of critical redox‐linked anabolic PPP and enhancement of phenolic‐linked antioxidant enzyme responses has merit. This study evaluated the effects of seed elicitor treatments (chitosan oligosaccharide [COS] Kong Poong Bio, Jeju, Korea, and marine hydrolysate [GroPro], Icelandic Bioenhancer, Harrison, NY) to improve salinity stress resilience through up‐regulation o...

Annu. Rep. Bean …, 2008

... quality. Maverick pinto bean has excellent seed quality, is early with good drydown, and has ... more ... quality. Maverick pinto bean has excellent seed quality, is early with good drydown, and has shown considerable yield stability in North Dakota. Maverick is resistant to rust, but is susceptible to BCMV (Grafton et al., 1997). The ...

Genetics, May 1, 2020

Multienvironment trials (METs) are widely used to assess the performance of promising crop germpl... more Multienvironment trials (METs) are widely used to assess the performance of promising crop germplasm. Though seldom designed to elucidate genetic mechanisms, MET data sets are often much larger than could be duplicated for genetic research and, given proper interpretation, may offer valuable insights into the genetics of adaptation across time and space. The Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery (CDBN) is a MET for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown for. 70 years in the United States and Canada, consisting of 20-50 entries each year at 10-20 locations. The CDBN provides a rich source of phenotypic data across entries, years, and locations that is amenable to genetic analysis. To study stable genetic effects segregating in this MET, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using best linear unbiased predictions derived across years and locations for 21 CDBN phenotypes and genotypic data (1.2 million SNPs) for 327 CDBN genotypes. The value of this approach was confirmed by the discovery of three candidate genes and genomic regions previously identified in balanced GWAS. Multivariate adaptive shrinkage (mash) analysis, which increased our power to detect significant correlated effects, found significant effects for all phenotypes. Mash found two large genomic regions with effects on multiple phenotypes, supporting a hypothesis of pleiotropic or linked effects that were likely selected on in pursuit of a crop ideotype. Overall, our results demonstrate that statistical genomics approaches can be used on MET phenotypic data to discover significant genetic effects and to define genomic regions associated with crop improvement. KEYWORDS multienvironment trial; genome-wide association; common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); crop improvement; genetics of diversification A lmost every crop improvement program assesses the performance of promising germplasm and breeding material via multienvironment trials (METs). The phenotypic data produced by these trials are extremely important guides to growers, private seed companies, and public institutions involved in crop improvement, because combining trial data from multiple years and locations increases the probability of identifying genotypes that perform well, or show especially desirable traits (Bowman 1998). Many cooperative testing networks conduct METs to enable cooperators and other interested parties to observe performance over a wider range of environments than if they were only tested locally (Annicchiarico 2002). This supports the identification of advanced lines with stable, high performance in multiple production environments. Among many others, crop testing networks that conduct METs include the U.S. cooperative regional performance testing program, the University Crop Testing Alliance, and the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery (CDBN) (Singh 2000).

Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a nutrient dense legume that is consumed by developed and d... more Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a nutrient dense legume that is consumed by developed and developing nations around the world. The progress to improve this crop has been quite steady. However, with the continued rise in global populations, there are demands to expedite genetic gains. Plant breeders have been at the forefront at increasing yields in the common bean. As breeding programs are both time consuming and resource intensive, resource allocation must be carefully considered. To assist plant breeders, computer simulations can provide useful information that may then be applied to the real world. This study evaluated multiple breeding scenarios in the common bean and involved five breeding strategies, three breeding frameworks, and four different parental population sizes. In addition, the breeding scenarios were implemented in three different traits: days to flowering, white mold tolerance, and seed yield. Results from the study reflect the complexity of breeding program...

Journal of Plant Registrations

Plant Breeding Reviews, Nov 18, 2022

A dry edible bean MAGIC population was generated to map genes for resistance to white mold and to... more A dry edible bean MAGIC population was generated to map genes for resistance to white mold and to produce inbred lines with improved white mold (WM) resistance combined with good agronomic performance for primarily the pinto bean market class. Eight founding parents were crossed to develop a modified MAGIC population. PT7-2 was intermated with Powderhorn (cross A). ID14-4 was intermated with CO16079 (cross B). La Paz was intermated with Lariat (cross C). USPT-WM_12 was intermated with El Dorado (cross D). Subsequently, F1 plants of each initial cross were intermated using a one-way funnel, F1 from cross A was mated with F1 from cross B and F1 from cross C was mated with F1 from cross D meaning that not every possible cross combination was conducted. The next cycle consisted of intermating F1 from the AxB cross with F1 from the CxD cross. For each cycle reciprocal crosses were conducted to offset potential maternal effects and maternal inheritance. After the final crosses, the F1 wer...

The study of climbing bean farmers in five departments of the Altiplano region (a.k.a. western hi... more The study of climbing bean farmers in five departments of the Altiplano region (a.k.a. western highlands) of Guatemala confirms the importance of beans as a crop for own consumption in the study area. On average, households planted 0.4 hectares with beans in the study region. Beans, planted as part of the traditional intercropped system called Milpa, are most commonly planted simultaneously (or directly) with corn, while relay (Milpa-relevo) was a second common planting method in the study area. In terms of area planted, most farmers ranked beans as either the first or second most important crop. The majority of farmers do not sell harvested grain. Indeed, for 47% of households, their own bean production is sufficient to cover 6 months or less of annual household bean consumption; beyond which they rely on purchased beans to fill their consumption needs. Bean consumption among households in this region is the highest soon after harvest (often between October and January) and lowest ...

Frontiers in Plant Science

Consumer food choices are often focused on protein intake, but the chosen sources are frequently ... more Consumer food choices are often focused on protein intake, but the chosen sources are frequently either animal-based protein that has high fat content or plant-based protein that is low in other nutrients. In either case, these protein sources often lack dietary fiber, which is a nutrient of concern in the 2020–2025 Dietary Guide for Americans. Pulse crops, such as dry edible beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), are a rich source of dietary protein and contain approximately equal amounts of dietary fiber per 100 kcal edible portion; yet the consumer's attention has not been directed to this important fact. If product labeling were used to draw attention to the similar ratio of dietary protein to dietary fiber in dry bean and other pulses, measures of carbohydrate quality could also be highlighted. Dietary fiber is categorized into three fractions, namely, soluble (SDF), insoluble (IDF), and oligosaccharides (OLIGO), yet nutrient composition databases, as well as food labels, usually r...

Journal of plant registrations, Apr 4, 2024

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Sep 30, 2023

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2023

Key message A reference study for breeders aiming at maximizing genetic gain in common bean. Depe... more Key message A reference study for breeders aiming at maximizing genetic gain in common bean. Depending on trait heritability and genetic architecture, conventional approaches may provide an advantage over other frameworks. Abstract Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a nutrient dense legume that is consumed by developed and developing nations around the world. The progress to improve this crop has been quite steady. However, with the continued rise in global populations, there are demands to expedite genetic gains. Plant breeders have been at the forefront at increasing yields in the common bean. As breeding programs are both time-consuming and resource intensive, resource allocation must be carefully considered. To assist plant breeders, computer simulations can provide useful information that may then be applied to the real world. This study evaluated multiple breeding scenarios in the common bean and involved five selection strategies, three breeding frameworks, and four different parental population sizes. In addition, the breeding scenarios were implemented in three different traits: days to flowering, white mold tolerance, and seed yield. Results from the study reflect the complexity of breeding programs, with the optimal breeding scenario varying based on trait being selected. Relative genetic gains per cycle of up to 8.69% for seed yield could be obtained under the use of the optimal breeding scenario. Principal component analyses revealed similarity between strategies, where single seed descent and the modified pedigree method would often aggregate. As well, clusters in the direction of the Hamming distance eigenvector are a good indicator of poor performance in a strategy. Abbreviations GS Genomic selection GEBV Genomic estimated breeding value

Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative. Bean Improvement Cooperative, Mar 1, 2009

160 RELEASE OF 'ECLIPSE'BLACK BEAN Juan M. Osorno 1*, Kenneth F... more 160 RELEASE OF 'ECLIPSE'BLACK BEAN Juan M. Osorno 1*, Kenneth F. Grafton 1, Jack B. Rasmussen 2, Gonzalo A. Rojas ... pe rsons a nd i nstitutions: Robin Lamppa (NDSU–Plant Pathology) for inoculum preparation, James Kelly (MSU) for canning tests, Northarvest Bean ...

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Nov 8, 2020

Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil, food and feed legume crop cultivat... more Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil, food and feed legume crop cultivated in over 100 countries on an area of 25.7 Mha with a total production of 42.4 Mt (FAO, 2014). Peanut kernels are essentially rich in oil (48%-50%), carbohydrates (10%-20%) and protein (25%-28%). The kernels are also a good source of several essential bioactive compounds such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, polyphenols, flavonoids and isoflavones (Janila et al., 2013). Among the biotic stresses that constrain peanut production, peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) caused by peanut bud necrosis virus, vectored by Thrips palmi, poses a serious threat to peanut

Frontiers in Plant Science, Nov 15, 2022

Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-S... more Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib., is one of the most devastating diseases in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with seed yield losses up to 100%. Most anthracnose resistance genes thus far identified behave in a dominant manner and were identified by seedling screening. The Middle American Diversity Panel (MDP; n=266) was screened with a modified greenhouse screening method to evaluate the response to anthracnose race 73. Thirty MDP genotypes exhibited resistance to the race of which 16 genotypes were not known to contain anthracnose resistance genes to race 73. GWAS with 93,000 SNP markers identified four genomic regions, two each on Pv01 and Pv10, associated race 73 resistance. A likelihood-ratio-based R2 analysis indicated the peak four SNP markers are responsible for 26% of the observed phenotypic variation, where one SNP, S10_072250, explains 23% of the total variation. SNP S10_072250 is associated with a new region of anthracnose resistance and is in an intron of a ZPR1-like gene. Further greenhouse testing of the 16 resistant lines without previously known resistance to race 73 revealed various levels of resistance under various levels of disease pressure. Disease resistance was further characterized in the field using four representative genotypes. GTS-900 and Remington exhibited field resistance while Merlot and Maverick were susceptible. Field testing with two different fungicide regimes revealed the resistant genotypes had no significant disease differences. The results suggest resistance to anthracnose may differ at various growth stages and that breeders have been selecting for major genes at early seedling stages while ignoring the effect of alternative genes that may be active at later stages. The newly identified resistant lines may be related to Age Related Resistance (ARR) and could be exploited as parental sources of anthracnose resistance in addition to already known major genes. The physical localization of the multiple regions of resistance confirms the presence of two clusters of disease resistance genes on Pv01 and identifies two new regions of anthracnose resistance on Pv10 possibly associated with ARR. Future research Frontiers in Plant Science frontiersin.org 01

Research Square (Research Square), Nov 1, 2022

Genomic selection predicts the breeding value of selection candidates according to genotypes that... more Genomic selection predicts the breeding value of selection candidates according to genotypes that are estimated to have favorable effects based on a model. The effectiveness of genomic selection is strongly tied to its prediction accuracy. Previous studies have evaluated the accuracy of genomic selection using simulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in accuracy of genomic selection based on many known QTLs identi ed in the literature and determine their relationship with true breeding values. Simulation results revealed that correlation-based prediction accuracies (also referred to as realized accuracy) uctuate depending on trait genetic architecture, breeding strategy and the number of initial parents involved in the breeding program. Generally, maximum accuracies were achieved under a mass selection strategy followed by pedigree and single seed descent methods. Model updating bene tted some breeding strategies more than others (e.g., single seed descent vs mass selection). For low heritability traits (i.e., yield), conventional methods provided comparable rates of genetic gain, but genetic gain under genomic selection reached a plateau in a lower number of cycles. Key Message This paper investigates selection accuracies using plant breeding simulations with and without genomic selection model updating. Trait architecture and breeding strategy impact genomic prediction accuracy than initial parent population size.

The dark color of black beans is generally associated with the presence of anthocyanins. Anthocya... more The dark color of black beans is generally associated with the presence of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are phytochemicals known to contribute to improved health due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-cancer benefits. Therefore, the color of canned black beans could potentially predict the total concentration of anthocyanins present. To test this hypothesis, 12 black bean genotypes obtained from North Dakota State University dry bean breeding program were cooked and evaluated for anthocyanin content and color characteristics (L*, hue and chroma) of endproduct. Pearson Correlation statistics was then applied to confirm if color values could be used as a reliable index to predict relative amounts of anthocyanin in cooked beans. Except for chroma, color overall did not prove to be a good predictor of anthocyanin content. Furthermore, genotypes with higher anthocyanin concentrations lost more anthocyanin after soaking and cooking. Results suggest the need to complement breeding with efforts to reduce anthocyanin loss using innovative food processing technologies.

Agronomy Journal, 2017

Core Ideas Black bean cultivars were extremely susceptible to high salinity stress. Seed elicitat... more Core Ideas Black bean cultivars were extremely susceptible to high salinity stress. Seed elicitation improved salinity stress resilience. Chitosan oligosaccharide and marine peptide were used for seed elicitation. Adaptive response to salinity stress varied among black bean cultivars. Seed elicitation induced phenolic‐linked antioxidant enzyme responses. The adaptive responses of plants to abiotic stress include stimulation of secondary metabolites and endogenous antioxidant enzymes through up‐regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Therefore improving abiotic stress resilience in food crops through upregulation of critical redox‐linked anabolic PPP and enhancement of phenolic‐linked antioxidant enzyme responses has merit. This study evaluated the effects of seed elicitor treatments (chitosan oligosaccharide [COS] Kong Poong Bio, Jeju, Korea, and marine hydrolysate [GroPro], Icelandic Bioenhancer, Harrison, NY) to improve salinity stress resilience through up‐regulation o...

Annu. Rep. Bean …, 2008

... quality. Maverick pinto bean has excellent seed quality, is early with good drydown, and has ... more ... quality. Maverick pinto bean has excellent seed quality, is early with good drydown, and has shown considerable yield stability in North Dakota. Maverick is resistant to rust, but is susceptible to BCMV (Grafton et al., 1997). The ...

Genetics, May 1, 2020

Multienvironment trials (METs) are widely used to assess the performance of promising crop germpl... more Multienvironment trials (METs) are widely used to assess the performance of promising crop germplasm. Though seldom designed to elucidate genetic mechanisms, MET data sets are often much larger than could be duplicated for genetic research and, given proper interpretation, may offer valuable insights into the genetics of adaptation across time and space. The Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery (CDBN) is a MET for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown for. 70 years in the United States and Canada, consisting of 20-50 entries each year at 10-20 locations. The CDBN provides a rich source of phenotypic data across entries, years, and locations that is amenable to genetic analysis. To study stable genetic effects segregating in this MET, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using best linear unbiased predictions derived across years and locations for 21 CDBN phenotypes and genotypic data (1.2 million SNPs) for 327 CDBN genotypes. The value of this approach was confirmed by the discovery of three candidate genes and genomic regions previously identified in balanced GWAS. Multivariate adaptive shrinkage (mash) analysis, which increased our power to detect significant correlated effects, found significant effects for all phenotypes. Mash found two large genomic regions with effects on multiple phenotypes, supporting a hypothesis of pleiotropic or linked effects that were likely selected on in pursuit of a crop ideotype. Overall, our results demonstrate that statistical genomics approaches can be used on MET phenotypic data to discover significant genetic effects and to define genomic regions associated with crop improvement. KEYWORDS multienvironment trial; genome-wide association; common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); crop improvement; genetics of diversification A lmost every crop improvement program assesses the performance of promising germplasm and breeding material via multienvironment trials (METs). The phenotypic data produced by these trials are extremely important guides to growers, private seed companies, and public institutions involved in crop improvement, because combining trial data from multiple years and locations increases the probability of identifying genotypes that perform well, or show especially desirable traits (Bowman 1998). Many cooperative testing networks conduct METs to enable cooperators and other interested parties to observe performance over a wider range of environments than if they were only tested locally (Annicchiarico 2002). This supports the identification of advanced lines with stable, high performance in multiple production environments. Among many others, crop testing networks that conduct METs include the U.S. cooperative regional performance testing program, the University Crop Testing Alliance, and the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery (CDBN) (Singh 2000).

Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a nutrient dense legume that is consumed by developed and d... more Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a nutrient dense legume that is consumed by developed and developing nations around the world. The progress to improve this crop has been quite steady. However, with the continued rise in global populations, there are demands to expedite genetic gains. Plant breeders have been at the forefront at increasing yields in the common bean. As breeding programs are both time consuming and resource intensive, resource allocation must be carefully considered. To assist plant breeders, computer simulations can provide useful information that may then be applied to the real world. This study evaluated multiple breeding scenarios in the common bean and involved five breeding strategies, three breeding frameworks, and four different parental population sizes. In addition, the breeding scenarios were implemented in three different traits: days to flowering, white mold tolerance, and seed yield. Results from the study reflect the complexity of breeding program...

Journal of Plant Registrations

Plant Breeding Reviews, Nov 18, 2022

A dry edible bean MAGIC population was generated to map genes for resistance to white mold and to... more A dry edible bean MAGIC population was generated to map genes for resistance to white mold and to produce inbred lines with improved white mold (WM) resistance combined with good agronomic performance for primarily the pinto bean market class. Eight founding parents were crossed to develop a modified MAGIC population. PT7-2 was intermated with Powderhorn (cross A). ID14-4 was intermated with CO16079 (cross B). La Paz was intermated with Lariat (cross C). USPT-WM_12 was intermated with El Dorado (cross D). Subsequently, F1 plants of each initial cross were intermated using a one-way funnel, F1 from cross A was mated with F1 from cross B and F1 from cross C was mated with F1 from cross D meaning that not every possible cross combination was conducted. The next cycle consisted of intermating F1 from the AxB cross with F1 from the CxD cross. For each cycle reciprocal crosses were conducted to offset potential maternal effects and maternal inheritance. After the final crosses, the F1 wer...

The study of climbing bean farmers in five departments of the Altiplano region (a.k.a. western hi... more The study of climbing bean farmers in five departments of the Altiplano region (a.k.a. western highlands) of Guatemala confirms the importance of beans as a crop for own consumption in the study area. On average, households planted 0.4 hectares with beans in the study region. Beans, planted as part of the traditional intercropped system called Milpa, are most commonly planted simultaneously (or directly) with corn, while relay (Milpa-relevo) was a second common planting method in the study area. In terms of area planted, most farmers ranked beans as either the first or second most important crop. The majority of farmers do not sell harvested grain. Indeed, for 47% of households, their own bean production is sufficient to cover 6 months or less of annual household bean consumption; beyond which they rely on purchased beans to fill their consumption needs. Bean consumption among households in this region is the highest soon after harvest (often between October and January) and lowest ...

Frontiers in Plant Science

Consumer food choices are often focused on protein intake, but the chosen sources are frequently ... more Consumer food choices are often focused on protein intake, but the chosen sources are frequently either animal-based protein that has high fat content or plant-based protein that is low in other nutrients. In either case, these protein sources often lack dietary fiber, which is a nutrient of concern in the 2020–2025 Dietary Guide for Americans. Pulse crops, such as dry edible beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), are a rich source of dietary protein and contain approximately equal amounts of dietary fiber per 100 kcal edible portion; yet the consumer's attention has not been directed to this important fact. If product labeling were used to draw attention to the similar ratio of dietary protein to dietary fiber in dry bean and other pulses, measures of carbohydrate quality could also be highlighted. Dietary fiber is categorized into three fractions, namely, soluble (SDF), insoluble (IDF), and oligosaccharides (OLIGO), yet nutrient composition databases, as well as food labels, usually r...