Mustafa Elnimeiri | AL-Neelain University (original) (raw)

Papers by Mustafa Elnimeiri

of breast feeding; Breastfeeding promotion network of India; Aaganwadi workers; Antenatal checkup... more of breast feeding; Breastfeeding promotion network of India; Aaganwadi workers; Antenatal checkup It has also been seen that the cases of diarrhoea and pneumonia which are two of the most important causes of neo-natal and infant mortality are more common and more severe in those children who are artificially fed (WHO/UNICEF (2003) Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. Geneva, World Health Organization). It has been seen that breast feeding had an important role in the proper and better cognitive development of the baby [1-5]. In 1929, Hoefer and Hardy had observed that there was a positive association between breastfeeding and the intelligence among children aged between 7 to 13 years. Further in 1950, Douglas reported that the duration of breastfeeding had an inverse relationship with the age at which the child started walking. For the mother, it has been further seen

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases which increa... more Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases which increased the mortality and morbidity among people. The objective: The overall objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of hypertension and its relation to socio-demographic factors among the study population. Materials and methods: A community-based descriptive study was conducted in rural district at Alsakania town, Sinnar State. The study participants were the resident citizens in age of 25-64 years, hypertensive and non-hypertensive and permanently resident in the study area with exclusion of the pregnant woman and the visitors. A cluster sampling technique was used and the total sample size mounted to 341 participants. Data were collected using standardized administered questionnaire and then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Results: The study revealed that the prevalence rate of hypertension was 21.1% among the study population, the prevalence rate of systolic hypertension was 5.9% while the prevalence rate of diastolic hypertension was 10.0% with statistically insignificant differences between men and women (P value 0.409). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures among the participants on cross tabulation with gender, yielded statistically insignificant difference (P value=0.409). Higher significant prevalence of hypertension was observed in age group of 55-64; the prevalence of hypertension in this age group was 18.6%, systolic hypertension was 13.6% while the diastolic hypertension was 11.9% (P value= 0.003). Nevertheless, the study yielded insignificant statistically differences of high prevalence of hypertension among the study participants in relation to some socio-demographic factors (P value>0.005).

Health science reports, May 1, 2023

Health science reports, May 3, 2021

Background and Aims: Visual impairment in early childhood can significantly affect the developmen... more Background and Aims: Visual impairment in early childhood can significantly affect the development of visual, motor, and cognitive function and potentially lead to longterm adverse psychosocial consequences. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of ocular morbidity among under 5-year old children in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three tertiary eye care hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan. The study included 391 children under the age of 5 years. The parent(s) were interviewed using a precoded, pretested, closed-ended questionnaire that included questions regarding socio-demographic profile and possible risk factors. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 21.0). A P-value of less than .05 was regarded as significant. Results: There was a significant association between participants with diabetes mellitus and poor vision (P-value <.001). Two-thirds of participants (57%) with visual impairment had mothers, who reportedly attended antenatal care services regularly (P-value .001), revealing a significant statistical association. Maternal diseases, specifically diabetes, was identified as a risk factor for poor visual acuity in their offspring (P-value <.001). A significant relation was revealed between family history of eye disease and the degree of relationship to the affected participant (P-value <.001). There was an association between watching TV and current visual acuity (P-value <.001); as well as using mobile phones and current visual acuity (P-value <.001). Multilinear analysis revealed the stronger influence of TV watching rather than the use of mobile phones (P-value <.001). Conclusions: Diabetes, diabetic mothers, a family history of ocular morbidity, watching television, and using mobile phones emerged as significant risk factors of ocular morbidity among children under the age of 5 years in this study. Many of these risk factors are either modifiable or controllable ocular morbidities among under-five children can be reduced with suitable interventions.

International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, Jul 27, 2019

Background: Blindness is a visual acuity of less than 3/60 or a corresponding visual field loss t... more Background: Blindness is a visual acuity of less than 3/60 or a corresponding visual field loss to less than 10 degrees in the better eye with the best possible correction. It has significant negative impacts on the community; including physical limitations, psychological effects and financial burden. The objective of this research was to study the associated risk factors of blindness in Sudan. Materials& Methods: This was an outreached based cross-sectional study conducted among 858 participants on four different cities in Sudan; Khartoum, Kassala, Nyala and Aldamazin in 2019.The questionnaire was composed of 43 close-ended questions on sociodemographic data and risk factors of blindness. Cluster sampling was used to draw the sample proportional to size at each camp and then systemic random sampling was used to select participants. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.0. This study was estimated at 95% confidence level. Results: 78% of blinds were illiterate. 17% has family history of blindness with significant association among the first degree relatives (P-value=0.003). Smoking was an associated risk factor in term of frequency of tobacco consumption (P-value=0.041) and obesity was inversely associated factor (64%) of Body Mass Index less than 30. Conclusion: Illiteracy, first degree family history of blindness and frequency of smoking were associated risk factors of blindness while obesity was inversely associated with it.

The IEC messages must be acceptable to the target population. If communication material contains ... more The IEC messages must be acceptable to the target population. If communication material contains something offensive, is not believable, the audience will reject the message conveyed. The overall aim of the study was to assess the acceptability of reproductive health IEC printed materials.

Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, Jan 3, 2017

Objective: The aim of this study to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and determine awarene... more Objective: The aim of this study to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and determine awareness among rural population. Methods: Cross-sectional community based study, conducted in rural community. Population was the resident citizens in age of 25-64 years. A cluster sampling technique was used and total sample size mounted to 341 subjects. The collected data was cleaned, edited and analyzed using SPSS program. Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 21.1%, systolic was 5.9% and diastolic hypertension was 10.0% with no significant differences among gender (p-value .409). About 59.7% of hypertensive subjects were unaware with their diagnosis, men were more awareness than women with proportion of 62.0% in men and 38.0% in women. Awareness with hypertension diagnosed was increased by increasing age, income and education. Most of known hypertensive subjects (86.20%) were on treatment. Approximately 80% of known hypertensive subjects were complained of signs and symptoms and 31.0% with complications. Also controlled blood pressure was 34.0% with proportion of 36.4% among women and 33.3% among men. Conclusions: The study reflected high prevalence of hypertension, systolic and diastolic among rural population, also the level of awareness among hypertensive subjects generally was low; however the level of awareness among elder, educated was better and females were more control hypertension.

Background: Family planning allows individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired... more Background: Family planning allows individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. .Objectives: The overall objective was to study the situation of the married men in Alklakla Algoba North regarding their attitude and participation of family planning. Methods: A community-based descriptive cross sectional study conducted from April 2012 to April 201 5 at Alklakla Algoba North in Jabal Awlia Locality-Khartoum State. The estimated sample size mounted to three hundred and seventy two participants .By simple random sample clusters are selected and all house hold in the cluster were included(singlestage cluster sampling).A standardized administered questionnaire was developed, pretested and used to generate information on personal-demographic characteristics, general knowledge, attitude and participation about family planning methods .A modified scale (Very poor-Very good) and six point Likert type scale was used. The collected data were analyzed by the computer programme SPSS version 16 and presented as tables, pies and pillars coupled with narrative description. Regarding test of significance, p-value was accepted as 0.05.

Journal of Hypertension, Sep 1, 2016

All participants were asked to fi ll up questionnaires concerning medical history of the closest ... more All participants were asked to fi ll up questionnaires concerning medical history of the closest relatives. Autonomic regulation of circulation was experimentally assessed by six different tests, which included tilt-table test (TT), a deep breathing (DB) and Valsalva Maneuver with estimation of the Valsalva index (VI) and mean-blood-pressure increment during the second phase (IBPVM), handgrip test (HG), cold-stress vasoconstriction (CSV), and arterial barorefl ex (BRS). Results: We found that BRS was lower in the M+H group whereas no difference was found between M-H and control group. There were no differences in VI and DP among the groups. Moreover, dynamics of diastolic blood pressure during TT was higher in +H group compare to both M-H and control group. However, three vasomotor parameters (IBPVM, HG, and CSV) were higher in both M+H and M-H groups compared to the control group. In addition, HCD was seen frequently in both migraine groups compare to the control group. Conclusions: Concomitant arterial hypertension in migraineurs is associated with additional reduction of BRS and orthostatic hypertension, but both heredity of cardiovascular disease and increased neurogenic vasomotor reactivity are more frequent in migraine patients regardless of hypertension. Acknowledgement. Financial support of the Russian science Foundation (grant 15-15-20012) is acknowledged.

Sudanese journal of paediatrics, 2020

The training environment is a determinant of learning outcomes. Paediatric residents spend most o... more The training environment is a determinant of learning outcomes. Paediatric residents spend most of their training programme activities in hospitals and related health centres. Measurement of the educational environment for residents is important to detect strengths and weaknesses and to ensure quality training.The overall aim is to determine the perception of postgraduate paediatric residents of a hospital educational environment. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by using the modified Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) to evaluate the training environment of paediatric residents in Sudan who spent 4 years of training after the curriculum was updated in 2014. PHEEM questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 final-year paediatric residents. Additional data about the programme were collected using checklists. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science version 23. Of 101 residents who completed the forms, 19 (18.8%) were male and 82 (81.2%) were female. The total Cronbach’s alpha score was 0.894. The total scale score was 74/160, which indicated an overall suboptimal response. The overall score was 74.66, autonomy score was 25.75, teachers score was 29.17 and social support score was 19.73. The overall mean ranged between 0.9604 and 2.9109. There were no significant differences between male and female responses. The examination results showed high scores despite the suboptimal educational environment. Perception of the training environment by residents showed suboptimal responses. All subscales showed problems that needed attention and urgent interventions. The social subscale score was the lowest and needed special attention with regard to the large number of females. It is vital to evaluate the whole training in order to make decisions about the weaknesses for improvements and continuation.

Blood Research, Mar 31, 2019

Background Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary chronic hemolytic anemia with several clinica... more Background Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary chronic hemolytic anemia with several clinical consequences. Intravascular sickling of red blood cells leads to multi-organ dysfunction. Moreover, several biochemical abnormalities have been associated with SCA. Gum arabic (GA) is an edible dried gummy exudate obtained from Acacia Senegal tree. GA showed antioxidant and cytoprotective activities and demonstrated protection against hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicities in experimental rats. We hypothesized that regular intake of GA improves renal and liver functions in patients with SCA. Methods Forty-seven patients (5-42 yr) carrying hemoglobin SS were recruited. The patients received 30 g/day GA for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected before administering GA and then after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Liver enzymes, total protein, albumin, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, and uric acid were determined in the serum. The study was approved by the Al Neelain University Institutional Review Board and Research Ethics Committee Ministry of Health. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT0246725). Results GA significantly decreased direct bilirubin level [statistical significance (P-value)=0.04]. It also significantly decreased serum alanine transaminase level after 4 weeks, which was sustained till the 8th week. GA, however, had no effect on serum aspartate transaminase level. In terms of renal function, GA decreased serum urea level but the effect was not sustained after the first month. Conclusion GA may alter the disease severity in SCA as demonstrated by its ability to decrease direct bilirubin and urea levels in the serum.

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Jul 30, 2022

Background: Good knowledge, attitude and practices of caregivers is pivotal to protection, preven... more Background: Good knowledge, attitude and practices of caregivers is pivotal to protection, prevention and treatment of childhood diarrhoea, hence reduce mortality thereof. Objective: Our aim in this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers on management of childhood diarrhoea among children less than 5 years in Al Mukalla City/ Hadhramout-Yemen. Methods: Al Mukalla, Hadhramout Governorate/Yemen is the site of a cross-sectional study that was done with the help of the local population in both urban and rural settings. The 581 women whose children were younger than 5 years old were chosen at random. Information was gathered through the use of a standardised questionnaire. SPSS Statistical Package was used for the data analysis. Results: Among 581 mothers, 58% of urban mothers knew about the meaning of diarrhoea and 66.7% of rural mothers knew that continuous vomiting is one symptoms of diarrhoea. There was 68.7% of mothers did not agree that immunization can prevent diarrhoea and given ORS during repeating vomiting or diarrhoea episode (86.8%). Around 88% of mothers continued to breastfeed their children during the diarrhoea. Mothers in urban (AOR 1.008; 95% CI 0.901-3.104) and rural (AOR 1.906; 95% CI 0.995-9.025) at age 30-39 years old were more likely to know about diarrhoea than mothers at age >40 years. The age had significant influence in increasing the knowledge about diarrhoea (urban p= 0.001, rural p= 0.001), while mothers with good and fair knowledge were more likely to have good practice of diarrhoea than poor knowledge in both areas. Conclusion: Mother's knowledge and practice about diarrhoea and its management with ORS was poor among the rural areas, related on their knowledge pertaining to vital issues as danger signs of dehydration, enhanced maternal knowledge would have a positive effect on their treatment of diarrhoea in children.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, May 1, 2021

An epidemic of new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged in China since December 2019. WHO decl... more An epidemic of new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged in China since December 2019. WHO declared it as a pandemic on March 2020 as it has spread worldwide. Several cases among neonate were observed with rst reported 36 hours after birth. Due to the possibility of the infection and the immature immune system of the neonate there should be preventive and control measures at Neonatal Intensive Care Units. According to WHO guideline and other published articles in COVID-19 in infants and neonate a technical working group including community physician and Pediatricians has put measures for clinical management, prevention and control of COVID-19 in neonates.

Public health, Nov 29, 2016

Background: Primary health care is the level where promotive, preventive, curative services are p... more Background: Primary health care is the level where promotive, preventive, curative services are provided at the same place. It is thus the level in which modifiable risk factors for hypertension can be addressed together with treatment of known hypertensive patients. Objectives: This study addressed the quality of management of hypertension in Public Primary Health Care Facilities in East-Nile locality, Khartoum State, Sudan. Methodology: A Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 26 primary public health centers and 3 rural hospitals were included. All the health care providers-119-in the public health facilities available during the data collection period, using 2 well-structured questionnaires were used. An ethical approval was obtained from the Sudan Medical Specialization Board (SMSB), and verbal consent was obtained from each health care provider prior to the interview. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 15. Results: The majority of care providers, (71.4% of the physicians, and 93.5% of other care providers) were not trained on hypertension management. The study revealed marked gaps in the knowledge domain of the other health care providers, such as the standard management of hypertension, the proper measurement of blood pressure; lifestyle modification and serious complications of hypertension. Conclusions: There is a need for strengthening the management of hypertension at primary care level through training and regular supervision.

IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science, Jun 1, 2017

Background: Infertility is one of the most prevalent health disorders in young adults. Diagnostic... more Background: Infertility is one of the most prevalent health disorders in young adults. Diagnostic assessment of infertility is indicated when pregnancy has not occurred within one year of regular unprotected intercourse. The aim of the study; Overall aim of the study was to identify the causes of infertility among Sudanese women. Materials and methods: Multi center-based cross sectional descriptive study design carried out at Khartoum state .the total number of participants include in this study were 162 infertile women. Data were collected using standardized administered questionnaire to assess causes associated with infertility among Sudanese women SPSS version 16 was used to analyze the collected data. Results: Distribution of participants by Hyperprolactinemia showed there is no significant association with type of infertility p value (0.37) ,also found that significant relation between PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) and type of infertility p value (0.05), regard distribution of participants by tubal dysfunction and type of infertility seen no association p value (0.57). Distribution of participants by ovulation disorders and pelvic inflammatory disease and type of infertility revealed no significant relation P value (0.11, 0.15) respectively. And distribution of participants by toxoplasmosis infections showed highly significant association with type of infertility P value (0.000). Conclusion: The present study revealed that most common causes of female infertility are Hyperprolactinemia, PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome, tubal dysfunction and toxoplasmosis were highly association by types of infertility. Ovulation disorders, pelvic inflammatory disease were not associated by types of infertility among Sudanese women.

مجلّة جامعة عدن للعلوم الأساسيّة والتّطبيقيّة, Jun 30, 2022

Management and prevention of acute respiratory tract infections are directly linked to the mother... more Management and prevention of acute respiratory tract infections are directly linked to the mother's knowledge and attitude, which can be translated into practice and employed as a disease prevention intervention. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural area locality in Al Mukalla, Hadhramout Governorate/ Yemen. Five hundred eighty-one mothers were selected randomly used Random Walk Method who had a child aged <5 years. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis. In a study of 581 mothers, 52.3 % of urban mothers were knowledgeable of ARI. About a third of mothers were knowledgeable that chest indrawing and rapid breathing are dangerous signs of infection, and this knowledge was high among urban mothers. In relation of mothers' attitudes about antibiotic use, positive attitudes were found to be prevalent among urban mothers (78.4%), while negative attitudes were prevalent among rural mothers (88.7 %). Urban mothers were more likely to use antibiotics without a prescription and to not complete the course (59 % and 57.7%, respectively), whereas rural mothers were more likely to use home remedies (61.3 %). The study reveals good knowledge and positive attitude among urban mothers towards ARI than rural mothers, but this good knowledge did not translate into good practice towards use of antibiotics by rational way.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. In Sudan breast cancer mortalit... more Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. In Sudan breast cancer mortality rate is high and most of patients are detected at late stages of the disease due to the lack of awareness and absence of screening programs. Objectives: The overall objective was to study the level of knowledge; attitude and practices of women in reproductive age (15-19 years) towards breast self - examination in order to generate information necessary for formulation of evidence-based screening program for breast cancer. Methodology: A community-based descriptive cross sectional study conducted from April 2012 to April 2013 at Murab 15, locality Omdurman city. The estimated sample size mounted to three hundred and fifty three participants. By simple random sample clusters were selected and all elements in the cluster were used (single-stage cluster sampling). A standardized administered questionnaire was developed, pre-tested and used to generate information on personal-demographic characteristics; knowledge, attitude and practice about breast self -examination. A modified scale (V. poor- V. good) and five point Likert type scale was used. In addition four questions were discussed in four focus groups discussion. Each group consisted of 10 participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 32.1487 (SD =10.46) years. The results showed that (86.1%) of the interviewed women did not know how to perform breast self- examination. (56.3%) were being worried, anxious and afraid of being diagnosed with cancer. (18.4%) of the interviewed women stated that they practiced breast self- examination. Moreover, (45.2%) of them had poor knowledge about breast self -examination and its technique which was statistically significant with the level of education.

Introduction: Whenever Gastro-esophageal reflux provokes symptoms or complications it is called g... more Introduction: Whenever Gastro-esophageal reflux provokes symptoms or complications it is called gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD).The association between gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and cardiac dysrhythmias is still conjectural in spite of studies that had been conducted. The overall objective of the study is to explore this relationship and to test the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors on GERD related tachycardia. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at Fallujah general hospitalgastroenterology and hepatology unit, in Fallujah City which is located 60 km to the west of Baghdad (Iraq). Gastroscopy and 24 hours ECG Holter monitoring were performed for 120 study subjects (67 males and 53 females, the age of study subjects ranged between a minimum of 16 years to a maximum of 70 years old. The mean age was 34 ±11 years). The study subjects were included for complaining of symptoms of (GERD) after exclusion all relevant risk factors that can influence the heart rate. A second 24 hours Holter study two month followed treatment "as outpatients" by proton pump inhibitors (PPI), and a third Holter study one month after withholding of treatment had been performed. Results: An impressive reduction in frequency count of sinus tachycardia were noticed in 58.3% of study subjects, furthermore, significant recurrence of sinus tachycardia was observed in 75% of patients, one month after discontinuing treatment. Conclusion: Sinus tachycardia can be triggered by GERD, Proton Pump Inhibitor had a significant influence on amelioration of the GERD related sinus tachycardia.

Journal of Medical Case Reports, Aug 10, 2020

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin; vitamin D is essential to sustain health and it p... more Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin; vitamin D is essential to sustain health and it protects against osteoporosis. It is crucial to the human body's physiology in terms of muscular movement and neurological signal transmission, and to the immune system in defense against invading pathogens. Case presentation: This was a case of a 26-year-old Sudanese woman who presented with a 2-year history of anosmia, recurrent nasal polyps, back pain, and chronic fatigue. She was diagnosed as having a case of vitamin D deficiency and responded well to treatment. Conclusion: There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and recurrent allergic nasal conditions.