imad fadl elmula | AL-Neelain University (original) (raw)

Papers by imad fadl elmula

Gulf Journal of Oncology, 2022

Abstract Introduction: Bladder cancer (BC) is highly heterogeneous with regard to clinical cour... more Abstract
Introduction: Bladder cancer (BC) is highly heterogeneous with regard to clinical course, etiology, histology, and geographic distribution. Recent clinical observations
suggest changes in the pattern of BC in the Sudan perhaps due to lifestyle change following the massive displacement from rural to urban areas. The present study aimed to characterize the clinical profile of the BC among Sudanese patients and compare it with what has been previous reported. Material and Methods: Demographic, habitual, clinical, and histopathology information of 1610 patients with
BC were obtained from the hospital record of Ibn Sina specialized hospital, Soba University hospital, Khartoum North hospital and Khartoum teaching hospital during the period 2007-2019. The data was analyzed using SPSS program version 23.
Results: Of the 1610 cases of BC, 1480 cases (91.9%) were males and 130 cases (8.1%) were females. The most affected patients (39.3%) were those with age group ranging between 61-75 year-old. The vast majority of the patients (73%) were from urban and/or metropolitan areas of the capital Khartoum, whereas the remaining (27%) were farmers coming from rural areas. Although, smoking habits information were missed in 410 patients, 44% of the patients were smokers. History of hematuria
was present in almost all cases (99.4%), whereas history of urinary bilharziasis was mentioned in 40.9% of the patients’ records.The TCC histology type was seen in 77.4% of the cases, SCC in 21.1%, and adenocarcinoma in only 1.5% of all cases. The vast majority of the tumors were poorly differentiated tumors (700/52.6%), followed by
moderately differentiated tumors (430/32.3%) and well differentiated ones (200/15.1%). Of the total tumors, 346/26% were Ta-T1, 456/34% were T2, and 528/40% were T3-T4a,b. Most of tumors were solid ones, accounting for 74% compared with the papillary ones (26%) with most (54.9%) of the tumor located in the
lateral wall of the bladder. Although in 620 (38.5%) patients, the follow up information
were missing from the records, still the recurrence of the tumors were recorded in 890 (55.3%) of the patients 6 month after the initial therapy.
Discussion: The results showed that poorly differentiated, muscle invasive, and high recurrent TCCs tumors dominate BC profile of Sudanese patients. It revealed also that the most affected population are those between 61-75 yearold. These findings are in clear contrast with BC profile, previously, reported in which solitary muscle invasive
Bilharzia-associated SCCs tumors affecting younger population was the dominated patterns as reported by Daoud el al (1968), Malik et al., (1975) and later by Sharfi
et al., (1992). Thus clear change in BC profile in Sudan is evident, perhaps due to increased urbanization and style of life that led to change in the causative etiology, and
eventually the histology type.

Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is an X-link recessive genetic mutation of androg... more Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is an X-link recessive genetic mutation of androgen receptor (AR) gene leading to complete inability of cell to respond to the androgens. CAIS occurs in 1 out of 20,400 XY live-birth babies, and affects about 1–2% of prepubertal girls that present with an inguinal hernia. Although individuals with CAIS have XY, those with grades 6 and 7 on the Quigley scale are born
phenotypically female, without any signs of genital masculinization. Thus, individuals affected by CAIS develop a normal external female phenotype with normal female external genitalia, well-developed breast, absent uterus, and bilateral undescended testicles. The question of CAIS diagnosis does not come forward until the absent menses at the puberty is noted or accidentally during an inguinal hernia repair in a
premenarchal girl. The present study reports a case of inguinal hernia repair on 11- year-old girl, which led to unexpected intraoperative notion of CAIS. The diagnostic work-up, genetic counseling, sex assignment, and the need for preoperative CAIS screening in girls with bilateral inguinal hernia are described and discussed.

Pan African Medical Journal, 2020

Introduction: the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in China in December ... more Introduction: the outbreak of coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) started in China in December
2019 and spread causing more than 14 million
cases all over the world on July 19th, 2020.
Although, real-time reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test is the
gold standard test, it needs a long time and
requires specialized laboratories and highly trained
personnel. All these difficulties forced many
countries with reduced health resources to limit
rRT-PCR tests to individuals with severe symptoms.
Thus, routine blood marker that may help
physicians to suspect COVID-19 and hence,
prioritize patients for molecular diagnosis is badly
needed. Methods: fifty-six Sudanese COVID-19
patients admitted to Jabra hospital were included
in this study. For all the patients we analyzed
complete blood count (CBC), CBC, plasma levels of
C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR), liver function tests (LFT)
and renal function tests (RFT). Statistical analysis
was done using SPSS program with a significance
level of p≤0.05 and confidence limits (CLs) 95%.
The difference between groups was tested using
Mann-Whitney test was for quantitative variables
while qualitative variables was tested using chisquare (Fisher exact) test. Results: the result shows
that, 35 out of the 56 patients (62.5%) were male
and 21 (37.5%) were females with a median age of
60-year-old for both sexes. Lymphocytes % showed decrease to 9.2 (P-value=0.000) and significant
increase in neutrophils to 83.05 (P-value=0.005),
ESR to 65.54 (P-value=0.000) and CRP to 91.07 (Pvalue=0.000). The receiver operating characteristic
curve (ROC)/area under the curve (AUC) ensured
the expellant result of lymphocytes % as a
predictor with 92% area under the curve,
neutrophils were 90% and ESR 95.8%. The percent
of detecting COVID-19 positive RT-PCR (98%) for
suspected individuals using ROC showed best
cutoff of ≤21.8 for lymphocytes %, ≥67.7 for
neutrophils, ≥37.5 for ESR, ≥6.2 for CRP and ≥7.15
for WBCs. Conclusion: the results also showed
that, lymphocyte percentages, neutrophils, CRP and ESR may be used as markers for COVID-19
helping prioritizing individuals for rRT-PCR test.

Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022

Background: Although warfarin is known as effective oral anticoagulant to prevent thromboembolic... more Background: Although warfarin is known as effective oral anticoagulant to prevent
thromboembolic events, its’ narrow therapeutic index requires ambient and good
follow-up to reduce its therapeutic complications. There is a continuous debate
whether the best practice to accomplish this goal is in a specialized international
normalized ratio clinic (INR-C) or in a general medical clinic (General-C). Few, if any,
studies have been done in Sudan to compare the safety and efficacy of anticoagulant
therapy in those clinics. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy
and safety of anticoagulant therapy in INR-C and in General-C.
Methods: This is a prospective hospital-based study where 200 patients were divided
into two groups (group A and B) of 100 patients. Group A were in the INR-C at Ahmed
Gasim specialized hospital and group B in the General-Cat AL-Shaab teaching hospital.
The study was conducted from September 2019 to April 2020. All patients were on
warfarin treatment and regular follow-ups were conducted. Demographic and clinical
data were collected and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 20. Ethical approval
was obtained from the ethical committee of the Sudanese Medical Specialization Board
(SMSB).
Results: Of the 200 patients, 118/59% were females and 82/41% were males. Target
international normalized ratio (INR) for group (A) was achieved in 56% of the patients
in the first visit, increased to 63% in the second visit, and 75% in the third follow-up,
compared with 24% of the patients from group (B) in the initial and second follow-up
visit, to 43% in the third visit (P value=0.05). Knowledge about drug and food interaction
of coagulation agents was higher (91%) among patients in group (A) compared with
group (B) (56%). Drug interaction awareness was found in 89% of the patients in group
(A) compared with only 40% in group (B) (P value=0.05).
Major bleeding was reported in 2% and 14% of the patients of group (A) and (B)
respectively, whereas minor bleeding was seen in 4% of group (A) and 11% of group
(B).
Conclusion: The study showed that INR-C is more efficient and safer for patients on
regular warfarin therapy compared with the General-C.

Deleted Journal, May 21, 2024

5α-Reductase two deficiency (5αR2D) is an autosomal recessive 46, XY disorder impacting the HeRD5... more 5α-Reductase two deficiency (5αR2D) is an autosomal recessive 46, XY disorder impacting the HeRD5A2 gene, causing ambiguous genitalia. Four Yemeni siblings with this condition sought guidance from the Sudanese Intersex Working Group (SIWG) in adulthood. A multidisciplinary evaluation was conducted, encompassing physical, mental, hormonal, and imaging examinations, although genetic mutation analysis of the srd5a2 gene was precluded due to limited facilities. Participants were initially assigned as females by an untrained birth attendant; the siblings later manifested virilisation before puberty, prompting a reassignment to the male sex. Despite presenting with 46 XY DSD due to 5αR2D, their sexual identity conflict led them to seek counsel from the SIWG. Comprehensive assessments confirmed the 5αR2D diagnosis. Extensive counselling with the family revealed their resolute decision to maintain the male sex despite concerns highlighted by the SIWG regarding future sexual function and fertility. This case underscores the significant challenges stemming from inadequate knowledge and interventions, emphasising the critical need for early diagnosis, proper genetic counselling, and expert management. Timely referrals to specialised facilities and consideration of options such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for subsequent children are imperative. This report advocates for proactive measures in similar cases, emphasising the importance of tertiary care facilities for accurate diagnosis, informed decision-making, and optimal management of 5αR2D-related dilemmas.

American Journal of Medical Science and Innovation, 2024

Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2024

Background: Surgical androgen deprivation (SAD) and temporary urethral catheterization remain the... more Background: Surgical androgen deprivation (SAD) and temporary urethral catheterization remain the most suitable therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer (PC). This study aimed to assess the suitable interval duration for voiding trial without a catheter (TWOC) after SAD and to correlate the Gleason score, prostate volume, and PSA level with the free-catheter voiding success. Methods: A total of 62 patients with urine retention due to PC were included in this study. PSA, pelvic ultrasound, and Gleason score were done prior to SAD as baseline measurements and repeated four weeks after surgery. Initial two-week voiding TWOC was done for all patients and repeated after two weeks for patients who failed the initial voiding TWOC. Results: The results showed that 34 (54.8%) patients had Gleason score >7, 21 (33.9%) had a score of 7, and 7 (11.3%) had a score <7. Following SAD, the mean prostate size reduction was seen in 36 (58%) patients, whereas PSA ranged between 0.87 and 38 ng/ml with a mean reduction level of 10.9 ng/ml. All patients with Gleason ≤7 could void free one month after SAD. Five patients with Gleason >7 failed to void free and needed TURP tunneling. In summary, 39 (62%) were void-free after two weeks, 18 (29%) after one month, and the remaining 5 (8.1) required tunneling TURP. Conclusion: The initial TWOC should start two weeks after SAD and followed by a second voiding TWOC two weeks later. Those who fail the second voiding TWOC usually have high Gleason scores, and tunneling TURP may be the best option to treat such patients.

BMJ, 1969

The ABO blood group and secretor status of 1,000 alcoholic patients has been determined. The pati... more The ABO blood group and secretor status of 1,000 alcoholic patients has been determined. The patients were, drawn from large alcoholic units in the London area together with several small units, including rehabilitation centres, nd 127 were from Aberdeen. The findings have been compared with appropriate controls which take into account the ethnic origin of the patients in the series. A striking disturbance of the secretor/non-secretor ratio among group A patients compared with the controls is observed. There is an increase in group A non-secretors, which is almost exactly balanced by a loss of group A secretors so that the overall frequency of the group A phenotype is not disturbed. It is difficult to find an acceptable explanation for these results.

Clinics in oncology, Jul 8, 2020

Gliomas are the most common brain neoplasms in adults, accounting for about 70% of primary neopla... more Gliomas are the most common brain neoplasms in adults, accounting for about 70% of primary neoplasms of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) is a tumor suppressor protein and one of the key players of the Wnt signaling pathway. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is an ErbB receptor with tyrosine kinase activity. EGFR over expression and activation can impact cancer cell survival, proliferation and invasion. The study was aimed to assess the possibility of using APC and EGFR proteins as markers for gliomas. Sixty-one tumor tissues were processed to obtain paraffin embedded blocks, 3 µm were cut and stained for APC and EGFR proteins immunohistochemistry. APC protein immunohistochemical staining showed cytoplasmic expression in 57.4% of the samples with over expression in 9.9%. EGFR protein immunohistochemical staining showed cytoplasmic expression in 31.1%, and membranous in 1.6% with over expression in 6.5% of the samples. APC was expressed mostly in astrocytoma I (19.7%), astrocytoma II (18%), ependymoma (1.6%) and Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) (1.6%) with over expression in Glioblastoma (GBM) (3%). EGFR was expressed in Astrocytoma I (9.8%) and astrocytoma II (14.8%) with over expression in of GBM (1.6%). Statistically there was no significant relationship between the Grades of gliomas and immune staining score of APC and EGFR proteins (P-value = 0.667 and 0.128, respectively). APC and EGFR proteins show both cytoplasmic and membranous expression in glioma and being over expressed in high grades of astrocytoma which suggests the possibility of using them as prognostic markers for astrocytoma.

Clinics in oncology, Feb 26, 2018

Bladder cancer is a common disease, worldwide it is ranked as the seventh and the seventeenth mos... more Bladder cancer is a common disease, worldwide it is ranked as the seventh and the seventeenth most frequent cancer worldwide in men and women respectively. Based on the histopathology (grading and staging), bladder cancer can be classified into non-muscle invasive (superficial) and muscleinvasive disease. The natural history of the superficial tumors differs from the muscle invasive ones. Most non-muscle invasive tumors are characterized by multiplicity, high recurrence rate, and heterogeneous natural history. According to many investigators, the multifocal nature of nonmuscle invasive uroepithelial cancer, together with a propensity for recurrence (polychrono topicity) is the results of intraluminal seeding of viable detached malignant cells that results in genetically monoclonal multiple tumors. Thus, the intraluminal shedding and implantation of viable tumor cells have been proposed as the mechanisms responsible for both synchronous and metachronous multifocal bladder tumors. These findings are of considerable relevance for therapeutic strategies, suggesting that complete endoscopic removal of the primary tumor is often not enough to treat even non-muscle invasive bladder cancer because by, or during, the time of initial treatment, several micro satellite tumors are already implanted in the bladder. Therefore, additional measures to prevent tumor cell seeding and growth of the already implanted ones may reduce the recurrence rate of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The intraluminal seeding mechanism of synchronous and/or metachronous tumors enforces more emphasis on intravesical adjuvant therapy in superficial bladder cancer, including the use of intravesical chemoor immunotherapy and long interval follow-up for those patients. Adopting such therapeutic strategy may improve morbidity and mortality of superficial bladder cancer. Imad Fadl-Elmula* Department of Urology and Clinical Genetics, Assafa Academy, Sudan

PubMed, Nov 15, 2001

The clinical course in urinary bladder cancer is difficult or impossible to predict based on conv... more The clinical course in urinary bladder cancer is difficult or impossible to predict based on conventional disease parameters. It is a reasonable hypothesis that the genetic aberrations acquired by the tumor cells, being instrumental in bringing about the disease in the first place, may also hold the key to more reliable prognostication. However, though 200 transitional cell carcinomas (TCC), the most common bladder cancer in the Western world, with clonal chromosomal abnormalities have been reported, our knowledge about the karyotypic characteristics of these tumors remains insufficient. The aberration pattern is clearly nonrandom, but no completely specific primary or secondary karyotypic abnormality has been identified, and the chronological order in which the aberrations appear during disease progression is not well known. The high degree of karyotypic complexity in epithelial tumors like TCC is one reason why our picture of the sequential order of cytogenetic evolution is unclear. To overcome some of these difficulties we have used several statistical methods that allow analysis and interpretation of the relationship between cytogenetic aberrations in TCC. We show that there exists a temporal order with respect to the appearance of chromosomal imbalances and that this order is highly correlated with tumor stage and grade. Analyzing changes in the distribution of imbalances per tumor in G1, G2, and G3 tumors, we suggest that progression involves the acquisition of cytogenetically detectable and submicroscopic genetic changes at comparable frequencies. By means of computer simulations, we show that the imbalances -9, +7, and 1q+ appear earlier than expected from random events and that -6q, -5q, -18, +5p, -22p, and -15 appear later than expected. Using principal component analysis, we identify two cytogenetic pathways in TCC, one initiated by -9 and followed by -11p and 1q+, the other initiated by +7 and followed by 8p- and +8q. The -9 pathway was correlated with stage Ta-T2 tumors, whereas the +7 pathway was correlated with stage T1-T3 tumors, i.e., +7 tumors appeared to be more aggressive. Although these pathways are well separated at earlier stages, they later converge to contain a common set of imbalances.

Journal of Biomedical Science, 2021

Sudan journal of medical sciences, Nov 15, 2015

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common congenital endocrine disorder worldwid... more Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common congenital endocrine disorder worldwide. Approximately 80 to 85% of cases are caused by defects in thyroid development (dysgenesis), the remaining 15 to 20% are due to errors of thyroid hormone biosynthesis (dyshormonogenesis). Congenital hypothyroidism is also the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Its neurological defects can only be reversible if diagnosed and treated early. Its incidence rate is 1 out of 3000/4000 live births worldwide However, this incidence rate is higher in developing countries such as Sudan (1 of 1400/2200 newborn infants) in which its population is characterized by consanguinity (25-70%). The present study aimed to assess the demographic and clinical pattern of congenital hypothyroidism (dyshormonogenesis) in Sudan. Material and Methods: A total of 54 patients referred to Gaffar Ibn Auf Children Hospital presented with clinical features suggesting congenital hypothyroidism (dyshormonogenesis) were enrolled in this study. Demographic and clinical data was obtained by a predesigned questionnare. Data were analyzed using SPSS 13 software. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were obtained for categorical variables. Results: Most patients enrolled in this study (85.7%) are descendants of consanguineous marriages. There were 11 reported families, comprising 74.3% of cases, with more than one affected member, of those family members, 68.6 % were in fact siblings. Patients from consanguineous marriage had a 96.6% positive family history. The majority of patients (97.1%) developed complications. According to the tribal origin, the vast majority of patients (65.7%) were from Afro-Asiatic tribes, whereas 34.3% were from Nilo-Saharan tribes. There was a large variation in the geographical distribution of patients. Biochemical analysis and ultrasound findings were concordant with the clinical presentation of patients. Conclusion: 1) Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent both cognitive and motor detrimental effects of the disease. 2) Consanguineous marriages are a major risk factor in patients with congenital hypothyroidism. 3)There is a wide range of tribal variation of both Afro-Asian (65.7%) and Nilo-Saharan (34.3%) tribes. 4) Poor education and unawareness of the disease were major factors in late diagnosis, treatment and further complications.

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2017

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to develop a statistical equation to determine the amoun... more Background and Purpose: This study aimed to develop a statistical equation to determine the amount of blood needed for cytogenetic culture in chromosomal breakage test, based on the white blood cell (WBC) count of the tested patients. Material and Methods: A total of 69 patients with aplastic anemia and a provisional diagnosis of Fanconi anemia were enrolled in the present study. The WBC count and chromosomal breakage test were performed for all patients. Correlation between WBC count and the successful cell cultures was determined using ANOVA test. Then the correlations between WBC count, cell culture result, and quality of metaphases were determined using Pearson's correlation test. The equation was then used to determine the needed amount of blood. Result: Of the 69 cultures, 60(87%) showed an adequate number of metaphase, of which, 8 had excellent metaphase appearance, 25 had good appearance and 27 had a bad appearance. The remaining 9(13%) failed to grow in culture. ANOVA test showed that cell culture success was correlated positively with WBC count (P.value = 0.01), furthermore, Pearson's correlation showed the cell culture result and metaphase quality was correlated positively with WBC count (P.value = 0.00). The equation was established statistically. Conclusion: The equation obtained by the study may improve the success and quality of chromosomal breakage test. However, future study needs to validate the value of the equation.

Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences

The gulf journal of oncology, May 1, 2022

SSRN Electronic Journal

Diagnosis of viral meningitis (VM) is uncommon practice in Sudan and there is no local viral etio... more Diagnosis of viral meningitis (VM) is uncommon practice in Sudan and there is no local viral etiological map. We therefore intended to differentiate VM using standardized clinical codes and determine the involvement of herpes simplex virus types-1 and 2 (HSV-1/2), varicella zoster virus, non-polio human enteroviruses (HEVs), and human parechoviruses in meningeal infections in children in Sudan. This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. Viral meningitis was differentiated in 503 suspected febrile attendee of Omdurman Hospital for Children following the criteria listed in the Clinical Case Definition for Aseptic/Viral Meningitis. Patients were children age 0 to 15 years. Viral nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) were extracted from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens using QIAamp ® UltraSens Virus Technology. Complementary DNA was prepared from viral RNA using GoScript TM Reverse Transcription System. Viral nucleic acids were amplified and detected using quantitative TaqMan ® Real-Time and conventional polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Hospital diagnosis of VM was assigned to 0%, when clinical codes were applied; we considered 3.2% as having VM among the total study population and as 40% among those with proven infectious meningitis. Two (0.4%) out of total 503 CSF specimens were positive for HSV-1; Ct values were 37.05 and 39.10 and virus copies were 652/PCR run (261 × 10 3 /mL CSF) and 123/PCR run (49.3 × 10 3 /mL CSF), respectively. Other 2 (0.4%) CSF specimens were positive for non-polio HEVs; Ct values were 37.70 and 38.30, and the approximate virus copies were 5E2/PCR run (~2E5/mL CSF) and 2E2/PCR run (~8E4/mL CSF), respectively. No genetic materials were detected for HSV-2, varicella zoster virus, and human parechoviruses. The diagnosis of VM was never assigned by the hospital despite fulfilling the clinical case definition. Virus detection rate was 10% among cases with proven infectious meningitis. Detected viruses were HSV-1 and non-polio HEVs. Positive virus PCRs in CSFs with normal cellular counts were seen. Abbreviations: cDNA = complementary DNA, CNS = central nervous system, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, DNA = deoxyribo nucleic acid, gDNA = genomic DNA, HEVs = non-polio human enteroviruses, HPeVs = human parechoviruses, HSV-1/2 = herpes simplex virus type-1/2, PCR = polymerase chain reaction, RNA = ribo nucleic acid, TBE = Tris Borate EDTA, VM = viral meningitis, VZV = Varicella Zoster Virus.

RESEARCH RESULTS IN BIOMEDICINE

Background: Meningioma is the second most common primary intracranial tumor of the central nervou... more Background: Meningioma is the second most common primary intracranial tumor of the central nervous system, surgical total excision of meningioma offers a better survival to patients; however, a significant proportion of histological variant recur within 5 years despite complete excision. Chem otherapy is generally unsuccessful in treating meningiomas, so refractory and recurrence meningioma are treated with palliative surgery and radiotherapy. In this context, certain therapeutic approaches based on effective molecular biology are needed. In ecent years, the so-called cancer stem cells (CSC) have emerged; these cells can be identified by stem cell markers among many other cancers, but there is no unique marker found in all stem cells, as their phenotype varies considerably among dif ferent cells and species. The aim of the study: To characterize the RNA (cDNA) of CD 44, CD 73 and CD 105 genes as stem cell markers in meningioma among Sudanese patients and to correlate the PCR findings of CD 44, CD 73 and CD 105 genes with meningioma histological variants. Materials and methods: Using Innu PREP RNA-MiniKit (Analytic Jena) 56 tissue samples radiologically diagnosed as meningioma were immediately processed for RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. The PCR was done using Maxime PCR premix Kit (i-Taq) entrobiotechnology. Results: This study in cluded 56 tumor samples; 54 samples were confirmed histologically to be meningioma; 40 (74.07%) were female and 14 (25.93%) ere male. The majority of the patients were Afro-Asian (68.4), followed by Niger-Congo (22.8), and all patients had headache. CD44 was expressed in all meningioma sam ples (100%), CD73 was positive in 61% and negative in 39%, CD105 was positive in 89% of the samples. Conclusion: Our results showed that, the expression of cancer stem cell markers in menin gioma was inconsistent within the same class of meningioma; moreover, the expression of CD44, CD73 and CD105 markers could confirm the presence of cancer stem cells in our meningioma samples.

Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics, 2013

Meningioma is the second most common adult central nervous system tumor. Mutations and/or deletio... more Meningioma is the second most common adult central nervous system tumor. Mutations and/or deletions within the tumor suppressor gene neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) are associated with meningioma development and progression. We studied 29 meningioma samples by cytogenetic analysis and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) using a locus-specific probe for the NF2 gene region. We detected loss of the NF2 gene in all samples except for one. In 10 of the 29 samples, karyotypic analyses confirmed the I-FISH results and revealed additional numerical and/or structural rearrangements in nine of them. Our study confirmed: i) the limited role of banding cytogenetics in assessing chromosomal rearrangements in meningioma, as this tumor is hard to be grown in cell culture; ii) we could show that two-color I-FISH is well-suited for NF2-deletion screening. Our results were in accordance with those of comparable studies, even though the frequency of 97.0% of meningiomas with NF2 del...