Juliet Brodie | Natural History Museum, London (original) (raw)

Papers by Juliet Brodie

Algae are (mostly) photosynthetic eukaryotes that occupy multiple branches of the tree of life, a... more Algae are (mostly) photosynthetic eukaryotes that occupy multiple branches of the tree of life, and are vital for planet function and health. This review highlights a transformative period in studies of the evolution and functioning of this extraordinary group of organisms and their potential for novel applications, wrought by highthroughput 'omic' and reverse genetic methods. It covers the origin and diversification of algal groups, explores advances in understanding the link between phenotype and genotype, considers algal sex determination, and reviews progress in understanding the roots of algal multicellularity. Experimental evolution studies to determine how algae evolve in changing environments are highlighted, as is their potential as production platforms for compounds of commercial interest such as biofuel precursors, nutraceuticals, or therapeutics.

Journal of Phycology, 2020

North-Atlantic records of Schizymenia dubyi extend along the eastern shores of the North Atlantic... more North-Atlantic records of Schizymenia dubyi extend along the eastern shores of the North Atlantic from Morocco to southern Britain and Ireland, and the species is also recorded from Iceland. A study was undertaken to confirm the identity of the specimens from Iceland that were geographically separate from the main distribution of S. dubyi and in contrast to other species of the genus did not have gland cells. We analyzed rbcL and COI molecular sequence data from Icelandic specimens and compared the results with those for Schizymenia specimens available in GenBank. For both markers, Schizymenia was shown to be a monophyletic genus. The Icelandic specimens were clearly genetically distinct from S. dubyi and formed a well-supported clade with Schizymenia species from the Northern Pacific. Based on these results, we have described a new species, Schizymenia jonssonii, which can be distinguished by molecular phylogeny, its lack of gland cells and by being strictly intertidal. Crustose tetrasporophytes with identical COI and rbcL sequences were found at the same locations as foliose plants. Schizymenia apoda is reported for the first time in the UK, its identity confirmed by rbcL sequence data. In light of these findings, it is likely that by further molecular analysis of the genus Schizymenia in the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, a higher diversity of Schizymenia spp. will be discovered in this region.

Journal of Phycology

Neothemis N. S anchez, A. Verg es, C. Peteiro, J. Sutherland et J. Brodie nomen novum pro Themis ... more Neothemis N. S anchez, A. Verg es, C. Peteiro, J. Sutherland et J. Brodie nomen novum pro Themis N. S anchez, A. Verg es, [C. Peteiro], J. Sutherland et J. Brodie, J. Phycol., 50, p. 912, 2014, nom. illegit., non Themis R.A. Salisbury, Genera of Plants, p. 85. Type of Neothemis: Neothemis ballesterosii (A. Verg es & N. S anchez) A. Verg es & N. S anchez, comb. nov. (Basionym: Themis ballesterosii A. Verg es & N. S anchez, J. Phycol., 50: p. 914, figs. 3–7). Additional species: Neothemis iberica (A. Verg es & N. S anchez) A. Verg es & N. S anchez, comb. nov. (Basionym: Themis iberica A. Verg es & N. S anchez, J. Phycol., 50: p. 916, figs. 8–10). We thank Wendy and Michael Guiry (AlgaeBase) for bringing to our attention the homonymy and for their helpful assistance.

The marine world is incredibly rich in brilliant and intense colours. Photonic structures are fou... more The marine world is incredibly rich in brilliant and intense colours. Photonic structures are found in many different species and provide extremely complex optical responses that cannot be achieved solely by pigments. In this study we examine the cuticular structure of the red alga Chondrus crispus (Irish Moss) using anatomical and optical approaches. We experimentally measure the optical response of the multilayer structure in the cuticle. Using finite-difference time-domain modelling, we demonstrate conclusively for the first time that the dimensions and organisation of lamellae are responsible for the blue structural colouration on the surface of the fronds. Comparison of material along the apical-basal axis of the frond demonstrates that structural colour is confined to the tips of the thalli and show definitively that a lack of structural colour elsewhere corresponds with a reduction in the number of lamellae and the regularity of their ordering. Moreover, by studying the optic...

Journal of Phycology, 2021

Latitudinal diversity gradients have provided many insights into species differentiation and comm... more Latitudinal diversity gradients have provided many insights into species differentiation and community processes. In the well-studied intertidal zone, however, little is known about latitudinal diversity in microbiomes associated with habitat-forming hosts. We investigated microbiomes of Fucus vesiculosus because of deep understanding of this model system and its latitudinally large, cross-Atlantic range. Given multiple effects of photoperiod, we predicted that cross-Atlantic microbiomes of the Fucus microbiome would be similar at similar latitudes and correlate with environmental factors. We found that community structure and individual amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) showed distinctive latitudinal distributions, but alpha diversity did not. Latitudinal differentiation was mostly driven by ASVs that were more abundant in cold temperate to subarctic (e.g., Granulosicoccus_t3260, BurkholderiaCaballeroniaParaburkholderia_t8371) or warm temperate (Pleurocapsa_t10392) latitudes. Their latitudinal distributions correlated with different humidity, tidal heights, and air/sea temperatures, but rarely with irradiance or photoperiod. Many ASVs in potentially symbiotic genera displayed novel phylogenetic biodiversity with differential distributions among tissues and regions, including closely related ASVs with differing north-south distributions that correlated with Fucus phylogeography. An apparent southern range contraction of F. vesiculosus in the NW Atlantic on the North Carolina coast mimics that recently observed in the NE Atlantic. We suggest cross-Atlantic microbial structure of F. vesiculosus is related to a combination of past (glacial-cycle) and contemporary environmental drivers.

Reviews in Aquaculture, 2021

All authors were supported by funding from UKRI for the GlobalSeaweedSTAR project (BB/P027806/1).

Journal of Applied Phycology, 2021

Farmed eucheumatoids are the top aquaculture commodity in the Philippines, contributing more than... more Farmed eucheumatoids are the top aquaculture commodity in the Philippines, contributing more than 60% of total national aquaculture production by volume. Despite significant production losses observed in recent years due to pests and diseases, data relating to the temporal and spatial geographic distribution, seasonality, prevalence, and etiology of these critical problems at the farm level are lacking. Here, we assessed the prevalence of pests and diseases at 16 farm sites within several major seaweed growing areas, including Luzon (Palawan), Visayas (Bohol), and Mindanao (Zamboanga City, Davao del Norte, and Tawi-Tawi). Prevalence of pests and diseases were recorded by assessment of individual seaweed plants in situ, comprising ≥5% of the total number of seaweed plants on each farm. Results from this survey revealed “ice-ice” disease (IID) at all sites, albeit at low prevalence rates of below 25%, the exception being one site where prevalence was 100%. No significant difference in the prevalence of IID was found between farms in shallow (≈0.5 m during low tide) and deep water sites (depths exceeding 4 m during the lowest tide) (p>0.05). Moderate prevalence (26–50%) of the macro-epiphyte pests Sargassum and Ulva was reported in Luzon. Further, epiphytic filamentous algae (EFA), black spots, and evidence of grazing were recorded in several farms with low prevalence (0.2–11.2%). The three farms with the highest prevalence of IID and EFA were evaluated to determine the severity of cover on the thallus of infected plants. A very high severity of IID (76–100% coverage) was observed on the secondary and primary branches, while for EFA, low severity (≤25%) was found in all regions of the thallus. Our results suggest the widespread occurrence of yield-limiting diseases and pests affecting eucheumatoid farms in the Philippines. Strategies for the diagnosis, surveillance, and management of yield-limiting pests and diseases are needed to ensure maintenance and sustainable expansion of this important aquaculture sector in the Philippines.

ABSTRACT In recent years, the number of alien seaweeds reported from the Atlantic European region... more ABSTRACT In recent years, the number of alien seaweeds reported from the Atlantic European region has increased, but it is predicted that use of molecular techniques will reveal the occurrence of more cryptic introductions. In the course of the taxonomic review of the genus Porphyra in the Iberian Peninsula (Spanish government project CGL2008-00932/BOS), we localized one population of Porphyra suborbiculata in Santander (Cantabria, Northern Spain). This species, originally described by Kjellman in 1897 from a specimen collected in Goto, Japan, is widely distributed in Asian waters (Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam and Philippines) and it has been reported as an introduction based on molecular evaluations to the shores of New Zealand, Australia, Pacific Mexico, Brazil and Atlantic USA. Iberian specimens were identified and confirmed as P. suborbiculata by comparing rbcL gene sequences with GenBank sequences of this species from New Zealand. Thalli collected from Northern Spain were small (up to 2 cm), shortly stipitate, pink to red in colour, monostromatic, and blades had dentate margins. It is a monoecious species, with male sori in small patches, and endosporangia with an irregular number of spores occurring near the blade margins. Reproductive blades were observed during all months it was present (January to June). It grows on rocks, barnacles (Chthamalus spp.) and limpets (Patella spp.) within the mid- to upper intertidal zones. This species is annual, occurring from winter to spring. The population reached maximum densities in May (late spring), when the largest blades were observed, began to decline in June, and had completely disappeared by July.

Marine Biology, 2014

was observed for all species. Dynamic photoinhibition was apparent over both summer and winter ti... more was observed for all species. Dynamic photoinhibition was apparent over both summer and winter tidal emersion, in relation to irradiance fluctuations. More effective photoinhibition was apparent during summer months, with greater sensitivity to irradiance and slower recovery in F v /F m , observed during winter. With sustained high irradiance over tidal emersion, the establishment of high pH/low inorganic carbon conditions may impact photochemistry. This study represents the first assessment of C. officinalis, C. caespitosa and E. elongata photophysiology underpinned by clear species concepts and highlights their ability to adapt to the dramatically fluctuating conditions experienced in intertidal rock pools.

Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, 2010

Ecology and evolution, 2014

Seaweed and seagrass communities in the northeast Atlantic have been profoundly impacted by human... more Seaweed and seagrass communities in the northeast Atlantic have been profoundly impacted by humans, and the rate of change is accelerating rapidly due to runaway CO2 emissions and mounting pressures on coastlines associated with human population growth and increased consumption of finite resources. Here, we predict how rapid warming and acidification are likely to affect benthic flora and coastal ecosystems of the northeast Atlantic in this century, based on global evidence from the literature as interpreted by the collective knowledge of the authorship. We predict that warming will kill off kelp forests in the south and that ocean acidification will remove maerl habitat in the north. Seagrasses will proliferate, and associated epiphytes switch from calcified algae to diatoms and filamentous species. Invasive species will thrive in niches liberated by loss of native species and spread via exponential development of artificial marine structures. Combined impacts of seawater warming, ...

Phycologia, 2013

ABSTRACT Pyropia suborbiculata is a bladed Bangiales originally reported from Asia that has also ... more ABSTRACT Pyropia suborbiculata is a bladed Bangiales originally reported from Asia that has also been recorded as an introduction in Atlantic USA, New Zealand, Vietnam, Canary Islands and Brazil. Here we report for the first time the expansion of its distribution to Europe (Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts) on the basis of collections from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). Comparison of morphological and molecular data of our specimens with those of Py. suborbiculata confirms conspecificity and allowes us to differentiate it from other similar species traditionally reported in this area. Its extensive distribution in the Iberian Peninsula and identical rbcL sequences with native and introduced strains suggests a recent introduction probably from the NW Pacific following the example of a lot of exotic seaweeds introduced in Europe. Although this is the first report in Europe of this taxon, it could have been easily overlooked until now because of its small thalli

Journal of Phycology, 2003

... Ulf Karsten 1,* ,; John A. West 2 ,; Giuseppe C. Zuccarello 3 ,; Ralph Engbrodt 4 ,; Akiko Yo... more ... Ulf Karsten 1,* ,; John A. West 2 ,; Giuseppe C. Zuccarello 3 ,; Ralph Engbrodt 4 ,; Akiko Yokoyama 5 ,; Yoshiaki Hara 5 ,; Juliet Brodie 6. Article first published online: 27 MAY 2003. DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.02192.x. Issue. ... Barrow, K., Karsten, U., King, R. & West, J. 1995. ...

Journal of Phycology, 2011

The red algal order Bangiales has been revised as a result of detailed regional studies and the d... more The red algal order Bangiales has been revised as a result of detailed regional studies and the development of expert local knowledge of Bangiales floras, followed by collaborative global analyses based on wide taxon sampling and molecular analyses.

Journal of Phycology, 2014

The diversity of the bladed species of the red algal order Bangiales from the Iberian Mediterrane... more The diversity of the bladed species of the red algal order Bangiales from the Iberian Mediterranean shores has been reassessed after a detailed study of this region. Prior to this study, 11 bladed species of Bangiales had been reported from Mediterranean waters: Porphyra atropurpurea, P. cordata, P. coriacea, P. dioica, P. linearis, P. purpurea, P. umbilicalis, Pyropia leucosticta, Pyropia koreana (as P. olivii), Py. elongata (as P. rosengurttii) and Py. suborbiculata. A combined analysis of the nuclear nSSU and the plastid rbcL genes together with detailed morphological studies has confirmed the presence of species within the genera Porphyra and Pyropia and also revealed a third, undescribed genus, Themis gen. nov. Porphyra linearis, Pyropia elongata and the introduced Pyropia koreana had been previously listed for the Mediterranean and were recorded in this study. An additional four species, including the introduced Pyropia suborbiculata and three new species: Pyropia parva sp. nov., Themis ballesterosii sp. nov., and Themis iberica sp. nov. were also observed. Hence, most of the Porphyra species traditionally reported along these shores were not reported in this survey. This new floristic Bangiales composition confirms the importance of the Mediterranean basin as a hotspot for biodiversity, possible endemics of ancient origin and high proportion of introductions. Our data also continue to confirm the extent of Bangiales diversity at regional and worldwide levels.

Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture

Publisher's PDF, also known as Final Published Version Link to published version (if availab... more Publisher's PDF, also known as Final Published Version Link to published version (if available):

A molecular and morphological taxonomic study of Corallina (Corallinales, Rhod... more A molecular and morphological taxonomic study of Corallina (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from Tristan da Cunha and the Falkland Islands revealed Corallina chamberlainiae J.Brodie & R.Mrowicki sp. nov. from both South Atlantic archipelagos, and Corallina cf. caespitosa only in the Falkland Islands. Analysis of mitochondrial COI-5P and plastid psbA resolved C. chamberlainiae as a distinct clade composed of specimens from Tristan and the Falkland Islands (COI-5P), in addition to two matching New Zealand samples (psbA). In psbA analyses, C. cf. caespitosa was close to two species from Japan (as C. pilulifera and C. melobesioides) but was separate from C. caespitosa sensu stricto from Britain and C. ferreyrae (isotype) from Peru....