Rony Huys | Natural History Museum, London (original) (raw)
Papers by Rony Huys
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
Adult isopods of the family Dajidae are exclusively ectoparasitic, typically infecting pelagic ma... more Adult isopods of the family Dajidae are exclusively ectoparasitic, typically infecting pelagic malacostracan crustaceans. It is assumed that their life cycle involves free-living and parasitic phases, with planktonic copepods acting as intermediate hosts. Most generic diagnoses proposed in the family have traditionally been incomplete, containing imperfect or misleading information, and characters whose states were wrongly assessed. In an attempt to analyse this state of affairs comprehensively, a taxonomic review and updated diagnosis of the species-rich genus Holophryxus are presented. Both traditional and novel morphological characters are critically assessed, forming the basis for updated differential diagnoses of all currently valid species. The presence of previously ignored sensory structures on the body and pereopods is highlighted and its significance discussed. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. is recorded on the common shrimp, Hymenodora glacialis, at 4300 m depth in the c...
Both sexes of Pseudoleptomesochrella halophila (Noodt, 1952) (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ameiridae)... more Both sexes of Pseudoleptomesochrella halophila (Noodt, 1952) (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ameiridae) are redescribed in detail based on material collected from the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Careful comparison revealed that the Turkish specimens are identical with the northwestern European populations originally reported from the Isle of Sylt (Germany) and the Isles of Scilly (U.K.). Re-examination of the type material of Nitocrella halophila brevifurca Wells, 1961 confirmed its conspecificity with P. halophila. Comparison of the various descriptions indicates the genus comprises two species complexes (Atlantic and P. halophila groups) whose members exhibit only cryptic differences, and that the majority of discrepancies reported in the literature are potentially unreal. Pseudoleptomesochrella pontica Apostolov, 1969 is removed from its synonymy with P. halophila and is reinstated as species inquirenda. A dichotomous key to species of Pseudoleptomesochrella Lang, 1965 is provided.
Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2020
Tantulocaridans (Class Tantulocarida) are primarily known to parasitize copepods, tanaidaceans, a... more Tantulocaridans (Class Tantulocarida) are primarily known to parasitize copepods, tanaidaceans, and isopods while only single species have been recorded from amphipod, ostracod, and cumacean hosts. Examination of a collection of deep-water peracarids from the Campos Basin off northeastern Brazil resulted in the discovery of a tantulus larva attached to a juvenile Styloptocuma angustatum (Jones, 1984) (Cumacea, Nannastacidae), representing a new species and only the fifth record for this host group. The new species is provisionally assigned to the genus AphotocentorHuys, 1991 (Cumoniscidae) based on the proximally dilated terminal caudal ramus setae, the conspicuous polygonal surface ornamentation on the thoracic somites, the spinous processes around the posterior border of the abdomen, the dorsal abdominal surface pattern consisting of four continuous transverse lamellae, and the spinular ornamentation on the protopods of legs 2–6. The tantulus of A. kolbasovisp. nov. is characteriz...
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2019
Two new copepod species of the Ceratonotus group in the subfamily Ancorabolinae (Ancorabolidae) a... more Two new copepod species of the Ceratonotus group in the subfamily Ancorabolinae (Ancorabolidae) are described from the Korean peninsula. Dendropsyllus kimi sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the one-segmented ♀ P3 endopod, the inner spine on ♀ P5 exopod and the absence of sensillate tubercles on abdominal somites 1 and 2. Dimorphipodia gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate Dimorphipodia changi sp. nov. and can be differentiated from its sister taxon, Arthuricornua, by the sexual dimorphism in P2–P4 exp-3, the absence of paired laterodorsal processes near the posterior margin of the cephalothorax and the presence of pleural setular tufts on somites bearing P2–P4. Ancorabolina, previously placed in the Ancorabolinae, is transferred to the Laophontodinae, whereas Patagoniaella is provisionally reassigned to the family Cletodidae. Within Laophontodes, the inadequately described Laophontodes brevis, Laophontodes ornatus and Laophontodes propinquus are relegated to species inquirendae....
Zootaxa, 2010
Both sexes of a new species of Noodtorthopsyllus Lang, 1965 (Harpacticoida, Cristacoxidae) from a... more Both sexes of a new species of Noodtorthopsyllus Lang, 1965 (Harpacticoida, Cristacoxidae) from a sandy beach in São Paulo State (Brazil) are described using light and scanning electron microscopy. Noodtorthopsyllus tageae sp. nov. displays a mosaic of characters drawn from both Noodtorthopsyllus and Cristacoxa Huys, 1990, blurring the boundaries between both genera. Consequently, Cristacoxa, the type genus of the nominal family-group taxon Cristacoxidae Huys, 1990, is relegated to a junior subjective synonym of Noodtorthopsyllus, and its type species is transferred to the latter as N. petkovskii (Huys, 1990) comb. nov. A new genus Acuticoxa is proposed to accommodate A. ubatubaensis sp. nov. (type species), collected on the northern continental shelf of São Paulo State, and A. biarticulata sp. nov., previously identified as Laophontisochra sp., from the Northern Magellan Straits. Amended diagnoses are provided for Noodtorthopsyllus and Laophontisochra. Autapomorphies supporting the...
Zootaxa, 2016
The Cnidaria have more symbiotic copepods than any other group of invertebrates, and the greatest... more The Cnidaria have more symbiotic copepods than any other group of invertebrates, and the greatest numbers of these associates occur on hard corals. A review of the scattered literature on the diversity and taxonomic composition of scleractinian-associated copepods and their hosts revealed a total of 148 coral species, representing 66 genera and 15 families that serve as hosts to copepods. At present, 363 copepod species, representing 99 genera, 19 families and three orders, have been recorded as associates of scleractinian corals. The total included 288 cyclopoids, 68 siphonostomatoids and seven harpacticoids. Within the Cyclopoida the representation of species varied greatly among the 13 families, with a disproportionate number of species belonging to the Anchimolgidae (141 species) and Xarifiidae (92 species). Data on host utilization and geographical distribution of all copepods living symbiotically with hard corals is synthesized and host specificity patterns are highlighted.The prevalence, intensity, density, and biodiversity of copepod infection of 480 colonies of the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Nanwan Bay, southern Taiwan were documented between July 2007 and November 2008. It was hypothesized that certain environmental factors and physiological coral traits, such as the density of Symbiodinium, could influence these infection parameters. Analysis revealed that ectoparasitic copepods were the most likely to infect P. damicornis, and that Asteropontius minutus Kim, 2003 accounted for more than 50% of total copepod density in July-September 2007 when temperatures were high and bleaching occurred in ~75% of the sampled colonies. The data further showed that copepod virulence may be related to their life history strategies, as well as to Symbiodinium density, surface area of the host coral colonies, and concentration of nitrate and chlorophyll-a in the surrounding seawater. By tracking the abundance, diversity, and performance of infectious copepods prior, throughout, and after a natural bleaching event, the potential to use these parasites as bioindicators for predicting the future physiological performance of P. damicornis in response to environmental change, particularly bleaching events, may ultimately be further explored, developed and maximized.Humesimyzon Kim, 2010, previously placed in the Asterocheridae, is tentatively transferred to the recently resurrected family Coralliomyzontidae. The authorship and spelling of Pseudanthessius thorellii (Brady, 1880) are corrected.
Zootaxa, 2016
The type material of four monotypic genera, Leaniricola, Oestrella, Praxillinicola and Trophoniph... more The type material of four monotypic genera, Leaniricola, Oestrella, Praxillinicola and Trophoniphila (Copepoda, Cyclopoida), described by M'Intosh (1885) from deep water polychaete hosts collected during the H.M.S. Challenger expedition, is re-examined. Leaniricola rotundata M'Intosh (1885) is removed from its floating status as species inquirenda in the Nereicolidae and fixed as the type of a new family, Leaniricolidae fam. nov., based on the presence of an oral cone and massive, three-dimensionally expanded, mandibular gnathobases which are used to anchor the parasite in the parapodial integument of its host. The ectoparasitic Praxillinicola kroyeri (M'Intosh, 1885), previously treated as a species inquirenda in the Clausiidae, cannot be placed in any of the currently recognized poecilostome families and is here fixed as the type of a new family, Praxillinicolidae fam. nov. Females are characterized by unique bilobate antennules, contained within anterior sockets shared with the reduced antennae, and by paired labral hooks, both of which probably serve as auxiliary attachment organs. Despite its highly transformed body P. kroyeri has retained the plesiomorphic condition of the female genital system, with the gonopores positioned dorsolaterally and the paired copulatory pores lying close together on the midventral surface. The position of the mesoparasitic Trophoniphila bradyi M'Intosh, 1885 in the Bradophilidae is confirmed based on the presence of a median copulatory pore in the female, the disproportionately large egg sacs, the shape of the ectosoma and host utilization. Both sexes of Bradophila pygmaea Levinsen, 1878 are re-examined and the male is redescribed in detail. Flabellicola Gravier, 1918a is treated as a genus incertae sedis in the Bradophilidae. The anal prominence, previously reported in the female of Oestrella (= Melinnacheres) levinseni M'Intosh, 1885 (Saccopsidae), proved upon re-examination to be one of the paired genital apertures. The third and fourth pairs of appendages reported in male saccopsids are here interpreted as the maxillae and maxillipeds, respectively.
Zootaxa, 2016
Prof. Il-Hoi Kim was born during the Korean War on 28 February 1952 in Buan, North Jeolla Provinc... more Prof. Il-Hoi Kim was born during the Korean War on 28 February 1952 in Buan, North Jeolla Province (South Korea), near the coast of the Yellow Sea whose tidal flats would become one of his favourite sampling grounds during his scientific career. From an early age he developed an intense interest in natural history in general and marine biology in particular. He obtained his B.Sc. in 1974 at the Department of Biology Education, Gongju National College of Education. Between 1974 and 1976 he was conscripted into the South Korean military during which he progressed to the rank of lieutenant of artillery in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC). After his graduation in 1980 at the Department of Zoology, Seoul National University, Il-Hoi Kim moved to the Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University on the East Sea coast where he was first appointed lecturer (1981) before taking up the position of assistant professor (1983), associate professor (1987) and full professor (1993). In 1985 he had previously completed his Ph.D. dissertation on Korean barnacles at Seoul National University under the supervision of the late Prof. Hoon Soo Kim, a pioneer in marine invertebrate taxonomy and renowned as the father of carcinology in Korea.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2009
Morphological evidence suggests harpacticoid copepods have recurrently entered into symbiosis wit... more Morphological evidence suggests harpacticoid copepods have recurrently entered into symbiosis with other crustaceans but only members of the family Cancrincolidae have successfully made the transition from marine habitats to semiterrestrial hosts. Cancrincolids are primarily amphi-Atlantic in distribution (with one outlier in the western Pacific) and typically inhabit the gill chambers of grapsoidean land crabs belonging to the families Grapsidae, Sesarmidae, Varunidae and Gecarcinidae. Morphologically, they are difficult to place because they exhibit unusual autapomorphies and the shared derived characters claimed to unite them with the primitively marine Ameiridae are equivocal. Both maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference solutions based on SSU rDNA gene sequences show topological congruence in placing the Cancrincolidae within the Ameiridae and in firmly resolving it as the sistergroup of taxa that have been reported as obligate or commensal associates of crayfish. This relationship is further supported by swimming leg sexual dimorphism and mandibular palp morphology. Morphological comparison with ameirid copepods revealed the majority of synapomorphies previously proposed in support of cancrincolid monophyly and familial distinctiveness can be attributed to heterochrony. The progressive evolution of cancrincolid associates appears to be largely concordant with the sequential adaptation to terrestriality by their grapsoidean hosts. The current amphi-Atlantic distribution of Cancrincola may suggest its possibly free-living ancestor had already assumed a virtually continuous distribution along the northern seaboard of Gondwana prior to the opening of the South Atlantic during the early Cretaceous, implying symbiotic relationships were established only much later when grapsoidean crabs started to emerge, radiate and diversify in the mid-Tertiary (15-35 mya). The adoption of semi-terrestriality in cancrincolid copepods can be viewed as yet another independent attempt (incursion) to colonize low-salinity environments by members of the family Ameiridae. The possible sistergroup relationships of the Ameiridae and the position of the genus Argestigens Willey are discussed.
Journal of Natural History, 1996
Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1989
A new genus of Tantulocarida, Stygotantulus, is described based on material from an anchialine po... more A new genus of Tantulocarida, Stygotantulus, is described based on material from an anchialine pool on Lanzarote, Canary Islands. It is the most primitive tantulocarid known and is ectoparasitic on representatives of at least two families of harpacticoid copepods. It is distinguished by the presence of 7 abdominal somites in the tantulus larva. The musculature of the penis on trunk somite 7 of the male suggests that it is derived by modification of the seventh thoracopods. The importance of trunk somite numbers in maxillopodan systematics is reexamined and an attempt is made to apply the concept ofhomology to the developmental processes determining somite numbers. The classification of the Crustacea, including the Tantulocarida, proposed by Starobogatov (1986), is criticized and the validity of the developmental-functional concept of the prototagma, as used by Starobogatov, is refuted. A new scheme of phylogenetic relationships among seven major maxillopodan groups is presented.
Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 2014
ABSTRACT The branchial cavities of four non-indigenous crayfish species resident in the Greater L... more ABSTRACT The branchial cavities of four non-indigenous crayfish species resident in the Greater London area were examined for crustacean symbionts. Pacifastacus leniusculus from Cripsey Brook, Chipping Ongar, Essex, and the Serpentine Lake, Central London, both carried the symbiotic ostracod Uncinocythere occidentalis, which is indigenous to the western USA. Analysis of covariance showed that crayfish carapace length did have an effect on the abundance of entocytherid associates, whereas intensity did not seem to be dependent on whether the host was female or male. Another invasive entocytherid, Ankylocythere sinuosa, was found on the gills of Procambarus clarkii in Hampstead Heath, representing the first record of the species for northwestern Europe. Contrary to recent model-based predictions, A. sinuosa appears to survive British winters. Examination of the gills of Astacus leptodactylus from the Serpentine revealed the presence of two symbiotic copepods, Nitocra hibernica and Acanthocyclops sp., and a common but accidental association with the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris. The observation of N. hibernica on all three P. leniusculus specimens collected in 2010 suggests that the copepod switched crayfish hosts in the Serpentine following the decimation of the Turkish crayfish population after 2008. This is the first record of an indigenous copepod becoming associated with a non-indigenous crayfish, a case of unusual host switching having previously been reported only for branchiobdellidans. The deliberate introduction of signal crayfish in the Serpentine can probably be attributed to aquarists, ‘well intentioned’ individuals and/or people who have animal release as part of their religious practice. Serpentine signal crayfish that were tested for Aphanomyces astaci (crayfish plague) produced inconclusive results. The sudden collapse of the Turkish crayfish population in the Serpentine between 2008 and 2010 remains unexplained although a number of potentially causative factors are discussed. No crustacean symbionts were obtained from Orconectes virilis in the River Lee at Enfield, Middlesex.
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006
Phylogenetic analysis of newly obtained data from the complete small subunit rDNA (18S) nuclear g... more Phylogenetic analysis of newly obtained data from the complete small subunit rDNA (18S) nuclear gene of a wide range of copepods placed the enigmatic Pectenophilus ornatus firmly in the Cyclopoida. Both maximum parsimony tree reconstruction, and Bayesian analysis operating under the GTR + I + Γ model of nucleotide substitution, gave identical solutions and placed P. ornatus at the base of the poecilostome families, in apposition to the mytilicolid taxa. The recently suggested assignment to the Siphonostomatoida on the basis of a tubular mouth cone in the pygmy male was rejected not only by the molecular data but also by new morphological observations. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the appendage previously interpreted as the mandible was in reality the maxilla, the presumptive 'labium' only an intermaxillary outgrowth of the ventral cephalic sclerite bearing the widely separated paragnaths, and that there was no basal fusion between the labrum and the 'posterior lip' as in genuine siphonostomatoids. Absence of mandibles and their functional replacement by the anteriorly displaced maxillae is a unique and robust apomorphy for the Mytilicolidae and placed unequivocally P. ornatus in that family. The morphology of male Pectenophilus probably evolved as a result of global progenesis, involving early sexual maturation at the metanauplius stage and the complete cessation of somite and limb development. The molecular data were also employed to examine the relationships of two other highly modified parasitic families, the Xarifiidae (inhabiting hard corals) and the Chondracanthidae (parasitic on marine demersal fishes). Our analyses rejected the previously proposed relationship between Xarifiidae and Vahiniidae and strongly supported an Anchimolgidae + (Rhynchomolgidae + Xarifiidae) clade as sister group to the Sabelliphilidae within a monophyletic Lichomolgoidea. The obtained topology suggests that the common ancestor of this clade had already established a symbiotic relationship with scleractinian corals and that host switching occurred only secondarily in the Rhynchomolgidae, involving predominantly other cnidarian and occasionally noncnidarian hosts. Reassessment of the morphology of Parangium provided new evidence for a relationship with the xarifiids, rendering its current position in the Serpulidicolidae extremely unlikely. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses revealed an unexpected but strongly supported relationship between the Chondracanthidae and Pseudanthessiidae. This result contrasts with earlier views advocating affinity to the Synapticolidae or Lichomolgidae, but was congruent with the previously unnoticed morphological similarity in antennary armature patterns in the first copepodid stage. The morphological grounds used to establish the Lernaeosoleidae were shown to be secondarily derived characters shared with one or several chondracanthid genera. Particularly the similarity between the Lernaeosoleidae and Markevitchielinus demonstrated that the former evolved from a mesoparasitic ancestor within the Chondracanthidae and consequently should sink as a synonym of the latter.
Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2016
Knowledge of copepods from New Caledonia is patchy. Unusually it is the parasitic and associated ... more Knowledge of copepods from New Caledonia is patchy. Unusually it is the parasitic and associated taxa that are better known than the free-living, with the majority of species being reported from the orders Cyclopoida (now including the Poecilostomatoida) and the Siphonostomatoida. Marine inveltebrates serve as hosts to the great majority of the recorded cyclopoids and fish serve as hosts to the majority of the siphonostomatoids. The plankton is relatively poorly known but will contain a diverse array of Calanoida representing numerous families, including the Pontellidae, Acartiidae, Tortanidae and Centropagidae. These taxa have not been surveyed here. The non-calanoid planktonic taxa include the abundant taxa such as the families Oithonidae, Oncaeidae, Sapphirinidae and Corycaeidae. These families will be represented by many known species, but have also not been surveyed for the current list. The free-living Harpacticoida will be abundant and diverse in the interstitial environment ...
ZooKeys
The primarily marine subtidal family Laophontidae not only contains more valid genera than any ot... more The primarily marine subtidal family Laophontidae not only contains more valid genera than any other family in the Harpacticoida, it is also one of the most speciose ones in the order, currently accommodating 327 species and subspecies. Based on published records, 25 laophontid species in 12 genera have so far been reported from Korean waters. Here both sexes of a new genus and species of Laophontidae are described, collected from shell gravel off Dokdo Island in the East Sea. Philippiphonteaspidosoma gen. et sp. n. displays a radically divergent morphology, including an extreme dorsoventrally depressed body shape which is reminiscent of members of the family Porcellidiidae. The convergent evolution of dorsoventrally flattened body plans in the Harpacticoida is briefly discussed. The distribution and habitat preference of laophontid species recorded from the Korean peninsula are summarised. The authenticity of the Korean record of Folioquinpesmangalis Fiers & Rutledge, 1990 from was...
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
Adult isopods of the family Dajidae are exclusively ectoparasitic, typically infecting pelagic ma... more Adult isopods of the family Dajidae are exclusively ectoparasitic, typically infecting pelagic malacostracan crustaceans. It is assumed that their life cycle involves free-living and parasitic phases, with planktonic copepods acting as intermediate hosts. Most generic diagnoses proposed in the family have traditionally been incomplete, containing imperfect or misleading information, and characters whose states were wrongly assessed. In an attempt to analyse this state of affairs comprehensively, a taxonomic review and updated diagnosis of the species-rich genus Holophryxus are presented. Both traditional and novel morphological characters are critically assessed, forming the basis for updated differential diagnoses of all currently valid species. The presence of previously ignored sensory structures on the body and pereopods is highlighted and its significance discussed. Holophryxus citriformis sp. nov. is recorded on the common shrimp, Hymenodora glacialis, at 4300 m depth in the c...
Both sexes of Pseudoleptomesochrella halophila (Noodt, 1952) (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ameiridae)... more Both sexes of Pseudoleptomesochrella halophila (Noodt, 1952) (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ameiridae) are redescribed in detail based on material collected from the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Careful comparison revealed that the Turkish specimens are identical with the northwestern European populations originally reported from the Isle of Sylt (Germany) and the Isles of Scilly (U.K.). Re-examination of the type material of Nitocrella halophila brevifurca Wells, 1961 confirmed its conspecificity with P. halophila. Comparison of the various descriptions indicates the genus comprises two species complexes (Atlantic and P. halophila groups) whose members exhibit only cryptic differences, and that the majority of discrepancies reported in the literature are potentially unreal. Pseudoleptomesochrella pontica Apostolov, 1969 is removed from its synonymy with P. halophila and is reinstated as species inquirenda. A dichotomous key to species of Pseudoleptomesochrella Lang, 1965 is provided.
Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2020
Tantulocaridans (Class Tantulocarida) are primarily known to parasitize copepods, tanaidaceans, a... more Tantulocaridans (Class Tantulocarida) are primarily known to parasitize copepods, tanaidaceans, and isopods while only single species have been recorded from amphipod, ostracod, and cumacean hosts. Examination of a collection of deep-water peracarids from the Campos Basin off northeastern Brazil resulted in the discovery of a tantulus larva attached to a juvenile Styloptocuma angustatum (Jones, 1984) (Cumacea, Nannastacidae), representing a new species and only the fifth record for this host group. The new species is provisionally assigned to the genus AphotocentorHuys, 1991 (Cumoniscidae) based on the proximally dilated terminal caudal ramus setae, the conspicuous polygonal surface ornamentation on the thoracic somites, the spinous processes around the posterior border of the abdomen, the dorsal abdominal surface pattern consisting of four continuous transverse lamellae, and the spinular ornamentation on the protopods of legs 2–6. The tantulus of A. kolbasovisp. nov. is characteriz...
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2019
Two new copepod species of the Ceratonotus group in the subfamily Ancorabolinae (Ancorabolidae) a... more Two new copepod species of the Ceratonotus group in the subfamily Ancorabolinae (Ancorabolidae) are described from the Korean peninsula. Dendropsyllus kimi sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the one-segmented ♀ P3 endopod, the inner spine on ♀ P5 exopod and the absence of sensillate tubercles on abdominal somites 1 and 2. Dimorphipodia gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate Dimorphipodia changi sp. nov. and can be differentiated from its sister taxon, Arthuricornua, by the sexual dimorphism in P2–P4 exp-3, the absence of paired laterodorsal processes near the posterior margin of the cephalothorax and the presence of pleural setular tufts on somites bearing P2–P4. Ancorabolina, previously placed in the Ancorabolinae, is transferred to the Laophontodinae, whereas Patagoniaella is provisionally reassigned to the family Cletodidae. Within Laophontodes, the inadequately described Laophontodes brevis, Laophontodes ornatus and Laophontodes propinquus are relegated to species inquirendae....
Zootaxa, 2010
Both sexes of a new species of Noodtorthopsyllus Lang, 1965 (Harpacticoida, Cristacoxidae) from a... more Both sexes of a new species of Noodtorthopsyllus Lang, 1965 (Harpacticoida, Cristacoxidae) from a sandy beach in São Paulo State (Brazil) are described using light and scanning electron microscopy. Noodtorthopsyllus tageae sp. nov. displays a mosaic of characters drawn from both Noodtorthopsyllus and Cristacoxa Huys, 1990, blurring the boundaries between both genera. Consequently, Cristacoxa, the type genus of the nominal family-group taxon Cristacoxidae Huys, 1990, is relegated to a junior subjective synonym of Noodtorthopsyllus, and its type species is transferred to the latter as N. petkovskii (Huys, 1990) comb. nov. A new genus Acuticoxa is proposed to accommodate A. ubatubaensis sp. nov. (type species), collected on the northern continental shelf of São Paulo State, and A. biarticulata sp. nov., previously identified as Laophontisochra sp., from the Northern Magellan Straits. Amended diagnoses are provided for Noodtorthopsyllus and Laophontisochra. Autapomorphies supporting the...
Zootaxa, 2016
The Cnidaria have more symbiotic copepods than any other group of invertebrates, and the greatest... more The Cnidaria have more symbiotic copepods than any other group of invertebrates, and the greatest numbers of these associates occur on hard corals. A review of the scattered literature on the diversity and taxonomic composition of scleractinian-associated copepods and their hosts revealed a total of 148 coral species, representing 66 genera and 15 families that serve as hosts to copepods. At present, 363 copepod species, representing 99 genera, 19 families and three orders, have been recorded as associates of scleractinian corals. The total included 288 cyclopoids, 68 siphonostomatoids and seven harpacticoids. Within the Cyclopoida the representation of species varied greatly among the 13 families, with a disproportionate number of species belonging to the Anchimolgidae (141 species) and Xarifiidae (92 species). Data on host utilization and geographical distribution of all copepods living symbiotically with hard corals is synthesized and host specificity patterns are highlighted.The prevalence, intensity, density, and biodiversity of copepod infection of 480 colonies of the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Nanwan Bay, southern Taiwan were documented between July 2007 and November 2008. It was hypothesized that certain environmental factors and physiological coral traits, such as the density of Symbiodinium, could influence these infection parameters. Analysis revealed that ectoparasitic copepods were the most likely to infect P. damicornis, and that Asteropontius minutus Kim, 2003 accounted for more than 50% of total copepod density in July-September 2007 when temperatures were high and bleaching occurred in ~75% of the sampled colonies. The data further showed that copepod virulence may be related to their life history strategies, as well as to Symbiodinium density, surface area of the host coral colonies, and concentration of nitrate and chlorophyll-a in the surrounding seawater. By tracking the abundance, diversity, and performance of infectious copepods prior, throughout, and after a natural bleaching event, the potential to use these parasites as bioindicators for predicting the future physiological performance of P. damicornis in response to environmental change, particularly bleaching events, may ultimately be further explored, developed and maximized.Humesimyzon Kim, 2010, previously placed in the Asterocheridae, is tentatively transferred to the recently resurrected family Coralliomyzontidae. The authorship and spelling of Pseudanthessius thorellii (Brady, 1880) are corrected.
Zootaxa, 2016
The type material of four monotypic genera, Leaniricola, Oestrella, Praxillinicola and Trophoniph... more The type material of four monotypic genera, Leaniricola, Oestrella, Praxillinicola and Trophoniphila (Copepoda, Cyclopoida), described by M'Intosh (1885) from deep water polychaete hosts collected during the H.M.S. Challenger expedition, is re-examined. Leaniricola rotundata M'Intosh (1885) is removed from its floating status as species inquirenda in the Nereicolidae and fixed as the type of a new family, Leaniricolidae fam. nov., based on the presence of an oral cone and massive, three-dimensionally expanded, mandibular gnathobases which are used to anchor the parasite in the parapodial integument of its host. The ectoparasitic Praxillinicola kroyeri (M'Intosh, 1885), previously treated as a species inquirenda in the Clausiidae, cannot be placed in any of the currently recognized poecilostome families and is here fixed as the type of a new family, Praxillinicolidae fam. nov. Females are characterized by unique bilobate antennules, contained within anterior sockets shared with the reduced antennae, and by paired labral hooks, both of which probably serve as auxiliary attachment organs. Despite its highly transformed body P. kroyeri has retained the plesiomorphic condition of the female genital system, with the gonopores positioned dorsolaterally and the paired copulatory pores lying close together on the midventral surface. The position of the mesoparasitic Trophoniphila bradyi M'Intosh, 1885 in the Bradophilidae is confirmed based on the presence of a median copulatory pore in the female, the disproportionately large egg sacs, the shape of the ectosoma and host utilization. Both sexes of Bradophila pygmaea Levinsen, 1878 are re-examined and the male is redescribed in detail. Flabellicola Gravier, 1918a is treated as a genus incertae sedis in the Bradophilidae. The anal prominence, previously reported in the female of Oestrella (= Melinnacheres) levinseni M'Intosh, 1885 (Saccopsidae), proved upon re-examination to be one of the paired genital apertures. The third and fourth pairs of appendages reported in male saccopsids are here interpreted as the maxillae and maxillipeds, respectively.
Zootaxa, 2016
Prof. Il-Hoi Kim was born during the Korean War on 28 February 1952 in Buan, North Jeolla Provinc... more Prof. Il-Hoi Kim was born during the Korean War on 28 February 1952 in Buan, North Jeolla Province (South Korea), near the coast of the Yellow Sea whose tidal flats would become one of his favourite sampling grounds during his scientific career. From an early age he developed an intense interest in natural history in general and marine biology in particular. He obtained his B.Sc. in 1974 at the Department of Biology Education, Gongju National College of Education. Between 1974 and 1976 he was conscripted into the South Korean military during which he progressed to the rank of lieutenant of artillery in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC). After his graduation in 1980 at the Department of Zoology, Seoul National University, Il-Hoi Kim moved to the Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University on the East Sea coast where he was first appointed lecturer (1981) before taking up the position of assistant professor (1983), associate professor (1987) and full professor (1993). In 1985 he had previously completed his Ph.D. dissertation on Korean barnacles at Seoul National University under the supervision of the late Prof. Hoon Soo Kim, a pioneer in marine invertebrate taxonomy and renowned as the father of carcinology in Korea.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2009
Morphological evidence suggests harpacticoid copepods have recurrently entered into symbiosis wit... more Morphological evidence suggests harpacticoid copepods have recurrently entered into symbiosis with other crustaceans but only members of the family Cancrincolidae have successfully made the transition from marine habitats to semiterrestrial hosts. Cancrincolids are primarily amphi-Atlantic in distribution (with one outlier in the western Pacific) and typically inhabit the gill chambers of grapsoidean land crabs belonging to the families Grapsidae, Sesarmidae, Varunidae and Gecarcinidae. Morphologically, they are difficult to place because they exhibit unusual autapomorphies and the shared derived characters claimed to unite them with the primitively marine Ameiridae are equivocal. Both maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference solutions based on SSU rDNA gene sequences show topological congruence in placing the Cancrincolidae within the Ameiridae and in firmly resolving it as the sistergroup of taxa that have been reported as obligate or commensal associates of crayfish. This relationship is further supported by swimming leg sexual dimorphism and mandibular palp morphology. Morphological comparison with ameirid copepods revealed the majority of synapomorphies previously proposed in support of cancrincolid monophyly and familial distinctiveness can be attributed to heterochrony. The progressive evolution of cancrincolid associates appears to be largely concordant with the sequential adaptation to terrestriality by their grapsoidean hosts. The current amphi-Atlantic distribution of Cancrincola may suggest its possibly free-living ancestor had already assumed a virtually continuous distribution along the northern seaboard of Gondwana prior to the opening of the South Atlantic during the early Cretaceous, implying symbiotic relationships were established only much later when grapsoidean crabs started to emerge, radiate and diversify in the mid-Tertiary (15-35 mya). The adoption of semi-terrestriality in cancrincolid copepods can be viewed as yet another independent attempt (incursion) to colonize low-salinity environments by members of the family Ameiridae. The possible sistergroup relationships of the Ameiridae and the position of the genus Argestigens Willey are discussed.
Journal of Natural History, 1996
Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1989
A new genus of Tantulocarida, Stygotantulus, is described based on material from an anchialine po... more A new genus of Tantulocarida, Stygotantulus, is described based on material from an anchialine pool on Lanzarote, Canary Islands. It is the most primitive tantulocarid known and is ectoparasitic on representatives of at least two families of harpacticoid copepods. It is distinguished by the presence of 7 abdominal somites in the tantulus larva. The musculature of the penis on trunk somite 7 of the male suggests that it is derived by modification of the seventh thoracopods. The importance of trunk somite numbers in maxillopodan systematics is reexamined and an attempt is made to apply the concept ofhomology to the developmental processes determining somite numbers. The classification of the Crustacea, including the Tantulocarida, proposed by Starobogatov (1986), is criticized and the validity of the developmental-functional concept of the prototagma, as used by Starobogatov, is refuted. A new scheme of phylogenetic relationships among seven major maxillopodan groups is presented.
Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 2014
ABSTRACT The branchial cavities of four non-indigenous crayfish species resident in the Greater L... more ABSTRACT The branchial cavities of four non-indigenous crayfish species resident in the Greater London area were examined for crustacean symbionts. Pacifastacus leniusculus from Cripsey Brook, Chipping Ongar, Essex, and the Serpentine Lake, Central London, both carried the symbiotic ostracod Uncinocythere occidentalis, which is indigenous to the western USA. Analysis of covariance showed that crayfish carapace length did have an effect on the abundance of entocytherid associates, whereas intensity did not seem to be dependent on whether the host was female or male. Another invasive entocytherid, Ankylocythere sinuosa, was found on the gills of Procambarus clarkii in Hampstead Heath, representing the first record of the species for northwestern Europe. Contrary to recent model-based predictions, A. sinuosa appears to survive British winters. Examination of the gills of Astacus leptodactylus from the Serpentine revealed the presence of two symbiotic copepods, Nitocra hibernica and Acanthocyclops sp., and a common but accidental association with the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris. The observation of N. hibernica on all three P. leniusculus specimens collected in 2010 suggests that the copepod switched crayfish hosts in the Serpentine following the decimation of the Turkish crayfish population after 2008. This is the first record of an indigenous copepod becoming associated with a non-indigenous crayfish, a case of unusual host switching having previously been reported only for branchiobdellidans. The deliberate introduction of signal crayfish in the Serpentine can probably be attributed to aquarists, ‘well intentioned’ individuals and/or people who have animal release as part of their religious practice. Serpentine signal crayfish that were tested for Aphanomyces astaci (crayfish plague) produced inconclusive results. The sudden collapse of the Turkish crayfish population in the Serpentine between 2008 and 2010 remains unexplained although a number of potentially causative factors are discussed. No crustacean symbionts were obtained from Orconectes virilis in the River Lee at Enfield, Middlesex.
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006
Phylogenetic analysis of newly obtained data from the complete small subunit rDNA (18S) nuclear g... more Phylogenetic analysis of newly obtained data from the complete small subunit rDNA (18S) nuclear gene of a wide range of copepods placed the enigmatic Pectenophilus ornatus firmly in the Cyclopoida. Both maximum parsimony tree reconstruction, and Bayesian analysis operating under the GTR + I + Γ model of nucleotide substitution, gave identical solutions and placed P. ornatus at the base of the poecilostome families, in apposition to the mytilicolid taxa. The recently suggested assignment to the Siphonostomatoida on the basis of a tubular mouth cone in the pygmy male was rejected not only by the molecular data but also by new morphological observations. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the appendage previously interpreted as the mandible was in reality the maxilla, the presumptive 'labium' only an intermaxillary outgrowth of the ventral cephalic sclerite bearing the widely separated paragnaths, and that there was no basal fusion between the labrum and the 'posterior lip' as in genuine siphonostomatoids. Absence of mandibles and their functional replacement by the anteriorly displaced maxillae is a unique and robust apomorphy for the Mytilicolidae and placed unequivocally P. ornatus in that family. The morphology of male Pectenophilus probably evolved as a result of global progenesis, involving early sexual maturation at the metanauplius stage and the complete cessation of somite and limb development. The molecular data were also employed to examine the relationships of two other highly modified parasitic families, the Xarifiidae (inhabiting hard corals) and the Chondracanthidae (parasitic on marine demersal fishes). Our analyses rejected the previously proposed relationship between Xarifiidae and Vahiniidae and strongly supported an Anchimolgidae + (Rhynchomolgidae + Xarifiidae) clade as sister group to the Sabelliphilidae within a monophyletic Lichomolgoidea. The obtained topology suggests that the common ancestor of this clade had already established a symbiotic relationship with scleractinian corals and that host switching occurred only secondarily in the Rhynchomolgidae, involving predominantly other cnidarian and occasionally noncnidarian hosts. Reassessment of the morphology of Parangium provided new evidence for a relationship with the xarifiids, rendering its current position in the Serpulidicolidae extremely unlikely. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses revealed an unexpected but strongly supported relationship between the Chondracanthidae and Pseudanthessiidae. This result contrasts with earlier views advocating affinity to the Synapticolidae or Lichomolgidae, but was congruent with the previously unnoticed morphological similarity in antennary armature patterns in the first copepodid stage. The morphological grounds used to establish the Lernaeosoleidae were shown to be secondarily derived characters shared with one or several chondracanthid genera. Particularly the similarity between the Lernaeosoleidae and Markevitchielinus demonstrated that the former evolved from a mesoparasitic ancestor within the Chondracanthidae and consequently should sink as a synonym of the latter.
Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2016
Knowledge of copepods from New Caledonia is patchy. Unusually it is the parasitic and associated ... more Knowledge of copepods from New Caledonia is patchy. Unusually it is the parasitic and associated taxa that are better known than the free-living, with the majority of species being reported from the orders Cyclopoida (now including the Poecilostomatoida) and the Siphonostomatoida. Marine inveltebrates serve as hosts to the great majority of the recorded cyclopoids and fish serve as hosts to the majority of the siphonostomatoids. The plankton is relatively poorly known but will contain a diverse array of Calanoida representing numerous families, including the Pontellidae, Acartiidae, Tortanidae and Centropagidae. These taxa have not been surveyed here. The non-calanoid planktonic taxa include the abundant taxa such as the families Oithonidae, Oncaeidae, Sapphirinidae and Corycaeidae. These families will be represented by many known species, but have also not been surveyed for the current list. The free-living Harpacticoida will be abundant and diverse in the interstitial environment ...
ZooKeys
The primarily marine subtidal family Laophontidae not only contains more valid genera than any ot... more The primarily marine subtidal family Laophontidae not only contains more valid genera than any other family in the Harpacticoida, it is also one of the most speciose ones in the order, currently accommodating 327 species and subspecies. Based on published records, 25 laophontid species in 12 genera have so far been reported from Korean waters. Here both sexes of a new genus and species of Laophontidae are described, collected from shell gravel off Dokdo Island in the East Sea. Philippiphonteaspidosoma gen. et sp. n. displays a radically divergent morphology, including an extreme dorsoventrally depressed body shape which is reminiscent of members of the family Porcellidiidae. The convergent evolution of dorsoventrally flattened body plans in the Harpacticoida is briefly discussed. The distribution and habitat preference of laophontid species recorded from the Korean peninsula are summarised. The authenticity of the Korean record of Folioquinpesmangalis Fiers & Rutledge, 1990 from was...