Peter Bandettini | National Institutes of Health (original) (raw)
Papers by Peter Bandettini
erceptual decision making typically entails the processing of sensory signals, the formation of a... more erceptual decision making typically entails the processing of sensory signals, the formation of a decision, and the planning and execution of a motor response. Although recent studies in monkeys and humans have revealed possible neural mechanisms for perceptual decision making, much less is known about how the decision is subsequently transformed into a motor action and whether or not the decision is represented at an abstract level, i.e., independently of the specific motor response. To address this issue, we used functional MRI to monitor changes in brain activity while human subjects discriminated the direction of motion in random-dot visual stimuli that varied in coherence and responded with either button presses or saccadic eye movements. We hypothesized that areas representing decision variables should respond more to high- than to low-coherence stimuli independent of the motor system used to express a decision. Four areas were found that fulfilled this condition: left posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left posterior cingulate cortex, left inferior parietal lobule, and left fusifom/parahippocampal gyrus. We previously found that, when subjects made categorical decisions about degraded face and house stimuli, left posterior DLPFC showed a greater response to high- relative to low-coherence stimuli. Furthermore, the left posterior DLPFC appears to perform a comparison of signals from sensory processing areas during perceptual decision making. These data suggest that the involvement of left posterior DLPFC in perceptual decision making transcends both task and response specificity, thereby enabling a flexible link among sensory evidence, decision, and action.
Event-related paradigms have been used increasingly in the past few years for the localization of... more Event-related paradigms have been used increasingly in the past few years for the localization of function in tasks involving overt speech. These designs exploit the differences in the temporal characteristics between the rapid motion-induced and the slower hemodynamic signal changes. The optimization of these designs and the best way to analyze the acquired data has not yet been fully explored.
Abstract Although the spinal cord is the output station of the central motor system, little is kn... more Abstract Although the spinal cord is the output station of the central motor system, little is known about the relationships between its functional activity and willed movement parameters in humans. We investigated here blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal changes in the cervical spinal cord during a simple finger-to-thumb opposition task in 13 right-handed volunteers, using a dedicated array of 16 receive-only surface coils on a 3 Tesla MRI system.
Abstract Human inferior temporal cortex contains category-selective visual regions, including the... more Abstract Human inferior temporal cortex contains category-selective visual regions, including the fusiform face area (FFA) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA). These regions are defined by their greater category-average activation to the preferred category (faces and places, respectively) relative to nonpreferred categories. The approach of investigating category-average activation has left unclear to what extent category selectivity holds for individual object images.
Abstract Aerobic activity is a powerful stimulus for improving mental health and for generating s... more Abstract Aerobic activity is a powerful stimulus for improving mental health and for generating structural changes in the brain. We review the literature documenting these structural changes and explore exactly where in the brain these changes occur as well as the underlying substrates of the changes including neural, glial, and vasculature components. Aerobic activity has been shown to produce different types of changes in the brain.
Purpose. To demonstrate that reliable BOLD contrast FMRI images can be obtained in the presence o... more Purpose. To demonstrate that reliable BOLD contrast FMRI images can be obtained in the presence of overt subject responses and other brief stimulus correlated motion, such as swallowing, movement of the jaw, tongue, or facial muscles, by using a single-trial paradigm.
SUMMARY Inferior temporal (IT) object representations have been intensively studied in monkeys an... more SUMMARY Inferior temporal (IT) object representations have been intensively studied in monkeys and humans, but representations of the same particular objects have never been compared between the species. Moreover, IT's role in categorization is not well understood. Here, we presented monkeys and humans with the same images of real-world objects and measured the IT response pattern elicited by each image.
High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (hi-res fMRI) promises to help bridge the g... more High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (hi-res fMRI) promises to help bridge the gap between the macro-and the microview of brain function afforded by conventional neuroimaging and invasive cell recording, respectively. Hi-res fMRI (voxel volume≤(2 mm) 3) is robustly achievable in human studies today using widely available clinical 3-Tesla scanners.
Abstract A popular method for investigating whether stimulus information is present in fMRI respo... more Abstract A popular method for investigating whether stimulus information is present in fMRI response patterns is to attempt to “decode” the stimuli from the response patterns with a multivariate classifier. The sensitivity for detecting the information depends on the particular classifier used. However, little is known about the relative performance of different classifiers on fMRI data.
Recent studies suggested that fMRI voxel patterns can convey information represented in columnar-... more Recent studies suggested that fMRI voxel patterns can convey information represented in columnar-scale neuronal population codes, even when spatial resolution is insufficient to directly image the patterns of columnar selectivity (Kamitani and Tong, 2005; Haynes and Rees, 2005). Sensitivity to subvoxel-scale pattern information, or “fMRI hyperacuity,” would greatly enhance the power of fMRI when combined with pattern information analysis techniques (Kriegeskorte and Bandettini, 2007).
Distinct aspects of our fearful experiences appear to be mediated by separate explicit and implic... more Distinct aspects of our fearful experiences appear to be mediated by separate explicit and implicit memory processes. To identify brain regions that support these separate memory processes, we measured contingency awareness, conditional fear expression, and functional magnetic resonance imaging signal during a Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure in which tones that predicted an aversive event were presented at supra and sub-threshold volumes.
Abstract Physiological fluctuations resulting from the heart beat and respiration are a dominant ... more Abstract Physiological fluctuations resulting from the heart beat and respiration are a dominant source of noise in fMRI, particularly at high field strengths. Commonly used physiological noise correction techniques, such as RETROspective Image CORection (RETROICOR), rely critically on the timing of the image acquisition relative to the heart beat, but do not account for the effects of subject motion. Such motion affects the fluctuation amplitude, yet volume registration can distort the timing information.
Abstract Editors of scientific journals are ethically bound to provide a fair and impartial peer-... more Abstract Editors of scientific journals are ethically bound to provide a fair and impartial peer-review process and to protect the rights of contributing authors to publish research results. If, however, a dispute arises among investigators regarding data ownership and the right to publish, the ethical responsibilities of journal editors become more complex.
In their 2009 Nature article:“Anticipatory haemodynamic signals in sensory cortex not predicted b... more In their 2009 Nature article:“Anticipatory haemodynamic signals in sensory cortex not predicted by local neuronal activity,” Yevginiy Sirotin and Aniruddha Das suggest that hemodynamic signals, the basis of functional MRI (fMRI), can arise without any measurable neuronal activity. They report that hemodynamic signals in visual cortex were associated with and time-locked to the anticipation of a visual stimulus, and importantly, without any associated neuronal activity as measured with direct electrophysiological recordings.
Abstract Conditional responding during simple Pavlovian conditioning is often characterized as a ... more Abstract Conditional responding during simple Pavlovian conditioning is often characterized as a form of implicit memory. The extent to which this type of associative learning is independent of awareness is an issue of continuing debate. Previous studies have demonstrated conditioning in the absence of awareness. However, their results have been questioned based on methodological concerns with postexperimental questionnaires.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging is routinely used to localize brain function, with multiple... more Functional magnetic resonance imaging is routinely used to localize brain function, with multiple brain scans averaged together to reveal activation volumes. In this study, we examine the seldom-studied effect of multiple scan averaging on the extent of activation volume. Using restricted visual field stimulation, we obtained a large number of scan repetitions and analyzed changes in activation volume with progressively increased averaging and across single scans.
Page 1. Improved BOLD detection in the medial temporal region using parallel imaging and voxel vo... more Page 1. Improved BOLD detection in the medial temporal region using parallel imaging and voxel volume reduction Patrick SF Bellgowan, a,* Peter A.
Abstract Perceptual decision making is a multi-stage process where incoming sensory information i... more Abstract Perceptual decision making is a multi-stage process where incoming sensory information is used to select one option from several alternatives. Researchers typically have adopted one of two conceptual frameworks to define the criteria for determining whether a brain region is involved in decision computations.
Abstract Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) has been used for several years to study differences in br... more Abstract Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) has been used for several years to study differences in brain structure between populations. Recently, a longitudinal version of VBM has been used to show changes in gray matter associated with relatively short periods of training. In the present study we use fMRI and three different standard implementations of longitudinal VBM: SPM2, FSL, and SPM5 to assess functional and structural changes associated with a simple learning task.
This work addresses the choice of the imaging voxel volume in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)... more This work addresses the choice of the imaging voxel volume in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Noise of physiological origin that is present in the voxel time course is a prohibitive factor in the detection of small activation-induced BOLD signal changes.
erceptual decision making typically entails the processing of sensory signals, the formation of a... more erceptual decision making typically entails the processing of sensory signals, the formation of a decision, and the planning and execution of a motor response. Although recent studies in monkeys and humans have revealed possible neural mechanisms for perceptual decision making, much less is known about how the decision is subsequently transformed into a motor action and whether or not the decision is represented at an abstract level, i.e., independently of the specific motor response. To address this issue, we used functional MRI to monitor changes in brain activity while human subjects discriminated the direction of motion in random-dot visual stimuli that varied in coherence and responded with either button presses or saccadic eye movements. We hypothesized that areas representing decision variables should respond more to high- than to low-coherence stimuli independent of the motor system used to express a decision. Four areas were found that fulfilled this condition: left posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left posterior cingulate cortex, left inferior parietal lobule, and left fusifom/parahippocampal gyrus. We previously found that, when subjects made categorical decisions about degraded face and house stimuli, left posterior DLPFC showed a greater response to high- relative to low-coherence stimuli. Furthermore, the left posterior DLPFC appears to perform a comparison of signals from sensory processing areas during perceptual decision making. These data suggest that the involvement of left posterior DLPFC in perceptual decision making transcends both task and response specificity, thereby enabling a flexible link among sensory evidence, decision, and action.
Event-related paradigms have been used increasingly in the past few years for the localization of... more Event-related paradigms have been used increasingly in the past few years for the localization of function in tasks involving overt speech. These designs exploit the differences in the temporal characteristics between the rapid motion-induced and the slower hemodynamic signal changes. The optimization of these designs and the best way to analyze the acquired data has not yet been fully explored.
Abstract Although the spinal cord is the output station of the central motor system, little is kn... more Abstract Although the spinal cord is the output station of the central motor system, little is known about the relationships between its functional activity and willed movement parameters in humans. We investigated here blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal changes in the cervical spinal cord during a simple finger-to-thumb opposition task in 13 right-handed volunteers, using a dedicated array of 16 receive-only surface coils on a 3 Tesla MRI system.
Abstract Human inferior temporal cortex contains category-selective visual regions, including the... more Abstract Human inferior temporal cortex contains category-selective visual regions, including the fusiform face area (FFA) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA). These regions are defined by their greater category-average activation to the preferred category (faces and places, respectively) relative to nonpreferred categories. The approach of investigating category-average activation has left unclear to what extent category selectivity holds for individual object images.
Abstract Aerobic activity is a powerful stimulus for improving mental health and for generating s... more Abstract Aerobic activity is a powerful stimulus for improving mental health and for generating structural changes in the brain. We review the literature documenting these structural changes and explore exactly where in the brain these changes occur as well as the underlying substrates of the changes including neural, glial, and vasculature components. Aerobic activity has been shown to produce different types of changes in the brain.
Purpose. To demonstrate that reliable BOLD contrast FMRI images can be obtained in the presence o... more Purpose. To demonstrate that reliable BOLD contrast FMRI images can be obtained in the presence of overt subject responses and other brief stimulus correlated motion, such as swallowing, movement of the jaw, tongue, or facial muscles, by using a single-trial paradigm.
SUMMARY Inferior temporal (IT) object representations have been intensively studied in monkeys an... more SUMMARY Inferior temporal (IT) object representations have been intensively studied in monkeys and humans, but representations of the same particular objects have never been compared between the species. Moreover, IT's role in categorization is not well understood. Here, we presented monkeys and humans with the same images of real-world objects and measured the IT response pattern elicited by each image.
High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (hi-res fMRI) promises to help bridge the g... more High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (hi-res fMRI) promises to help bridge the gap between the macro-and the microview of brain function afforded by conventional neuroimaging and invasive cell recording, respectively. Hi-res fMRI (voxel volume≤(2 mm) 3) is robustly achievable in human studies today using widely available clinical 3-Tesla scanners.
Abstract A popular method for investigating whether stimulus information is present in fMRI respo... more Abstract A popular method for investigating whether stimulus information is present in fMRI response patterns is to attempt to “decode” the stimuli from the response patterns with a multivariate classifier. The sensitivity for detecting the information depends on the particular classifier used. However, little is known about the relative performance of different classifiers on fMRI data.
Recent studies suggested that fMRI voxel patterns can convey information represented in columnar-... more Recent studies suggested that fMRI voxel patterns can convey information represented in columnar-scale neuronal population codes, even when spatial resolution is insufficient to directly image the patterns of columnar selectivity (Kamitani and Tong, 2005; Haynes and Rees, 2005). Sensitivity to subvoxel-scale pattern information, or “fMRI hyperacuity,” would greatly enhance the power of fMRI when combined with pattern information analysis techniques (Kriegeskorte and Bandettini, 2007).
Distinct aspects of our fearful experiences appear to be mediated by separate explicit and implic... more Distinct aspects of our fearful experiences appear to be mediated by separate explicit and implicit memory processes. To identify brain regions that support these separate memory processes, we measured contingency awareness, conditional fear expression, and functional magnetic resonance imaging signal during a Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure in which tones that predicted an aversive event were presented at supra and sub-threshold volumes.
Abstract Physiological fluctuations resulting from the heart beat and respiration are a dominant ... more Abstract Physiological fluctuations resulting from the heart beat and respiration are a dominant source of noise in fMRI, particularly at high field strengths. Commonly used physiological noise correction techniques, such as RETROspective Image CORection (RETROICOR), rely critically on the timing of the image acquisition relative to the heart beat, but do not account for the effects of subject motion. Such motion affects the fluctuation amplitude, yet volume registration can distort the timing information.
Abstract Editors of scientific journals are ethically bound to provide a fair and impartial peer-... more Abstract Editors of scientific journals are ethically bound to provide a fair and impartial peer-review process and to protect the rights of contributing authors to publish research results. If, however, a dispute arises among investigators regarding data ownership and the right to publish, the ethical responsibilities of journal editors become more complex.
In their 2009 Nature article:“Anticipatory haemodynamic signals in sensory cortex not predicted b... more In their 2009 Nature article:“Anticipatory haemodynamic signals in sensory cortex not predicted by local neuronal activity,” Yevginiy Sirotin and Aniruddha Das suggest that hemodynamic signals, the basis of functional MRI (fMRI), can arise without any measurable neuronal activity. They report that hemodynamic signals in visual cortex were associated with and time-locked to the anticipation of a visual stimulus, and importantly, without any associated neuronal activity as measured with direct electrophysiological recordings.
Abstract Conditional responding during simple Pavlovian conditioning is often characterized as a ... more Abstract Conditional responding during simple Pavlovian conditioning is often characterized as a form of implicit memory. The extent to which this type of associative learning is independent of awareness is an issue of continuing debate. Previous studies have demonstrated conditioning in the absence of awareness. However, their results have been questioned based on methodological concerns with postexperimental questionnaires.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging is routinely used to localize brain function, with multiple... more Functional magnetic resonance imaging is routinely used to localize brain function, with multiple brain scans averaged together to reveal activation volumes. In this study, we examine the seldom-studied effect of multiple scan averaging on the extent of activation volume. Using restricted visual field stimulation, we obtained a large number of scan repetitions and analyzed changes in activation volume with progressively increased averaging and across single scans.
Page 1. Improved BOLD detection in the medial temporal region using parallel imaging and voxel vo... more Page 1. Improved BOLD detection in the medial temporal region using parallel imaging and voxel volume reduction Patrick SF Bellgowan, a,* Peter A.
Abstract Perceptual decision making is a multi-stage process where incoming sensory information i... more Abstract Perceptual decision making is a multi-stage process where incoming sensory information is used to select one option from several alternatives. Researchers typically have adopted one of two conceptual frameworks to define the criteria for determining whether a brain region is involved in decision computations.
Abstract Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) has been used for several years to study differences in br... more Abstract Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) has been used for several years to study differences in brain structure between populations. Recently, a longitudinal version of VBM has been used to show changes in gray matter associated with relatively short periods of training. In the present study we use fMRI and three different standard implementations of longitudinal VBM: SPM2, FSL, and SPM5 to assess functional and structural changes associated with a simple learning task.
This work addresses the choice of the imaging voxel volume in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)... more This work addresses the choice of the imaging voxel volume in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Noise of physiological origin that is present in the voxel time course is a prohibitive factor in the detection of small activation-induced BOLD signal changes.