Taketoshi Minato - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Taketoshi Minato

Electrochimica Acta, 1976

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2025

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for topographic imaging and force sensing on sol... more Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for topographic imaging and force sensing on solid objects buried in liquid. In the present study, the feasibility of force detection in the frequency-modulation mode has been demonstrated in 1-octanol liquid at temperatures as low as-15 °C. A commercial microscope was cooled within an acoustic enclosure, and topographic images of octanol molecules adsorbed on graphite were obtained with nanometer-scale resolution. The molecules of octanol in the liquid phase exhibited flat layers over the octanol-adsorbed graphite, as evidenced by a series of force-distance curves. This research certified the usability of frequency-modulation AFM operated at sub-zero temperatures, even though the viscosity of the imaging liquid is enhanced.

Science Advances, 2025

Single-walled carbon nanotubes, as prototypical one-dimensional systems, have been extensively st... more Single-walled carbon nanotubes, as prototypical one-dimensional systems, have been extensively studied for their extreme confinement effects and the formation of strongly bound excitons. However, their high surface-to-volume ratio renders their dynamics highly susceptible to variations in the surrounding environment. Yet, visualizing photoinduced dynamics within individual nanotubes has remained a major challenge because of the lack of methods combining sufficient spatial and temporal resolution with sensitivity to an exceedingly small number of electron-hole pairs. Here, we apply ultrafast infrared nanospectroscopic imaging to probe local electron-hole dynamics in both isolated and bundled carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition. This approach unravels heterogeneity in electron-hole pair creation and annihilation, arising from disordered stress within a tube and/or interactions with neighboring tubes. The capability to visualize local electron-hole dynamics in real time and space is essential for advancing carbon nanotubes as fundamental building blocks in nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices.

Applied Physics Letters, 2024

Despite the rapid progresses in the field of organic semiconductors, aided by the development of ... more Despite the rapid progresses in the field of organic semiconductors, aided by the development of high-mobility organic materials, their high carrier mobilities are often unipolar, being sufficiently high only for either electrons or holes. Yet, the basic mechanisms underlying such significant mobility asymmetry largely remains elusive. We perform angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to reveal the occupied band structures and the many-body interactions for low-mobility hole carriers in a typical n-type semiconductor perylene diimide derivative. The band dispersion exhibits strong renormalization to the calculated non-interacting electronic structure. The analysis including many-body interactions elucidate that the significant mass enhancement can be understood in terms of strong charge-phonon coupling, leading to an important mechanism of polaron band transport of low intrinsic carrier mobility in organic semiconductors.

Chirality, 2024

The homochirality of life remains one of the most enigmatic issues in the study of the origin of ... more The homochirality of life remains one of the most enigmatic issues in the study of the origin of life. A proposed mechanism for symmetry breaking involves irradiation by circularly polarized light (CPL). To investigate the photoreaction of amino acids under CPL irradiation, a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) CPL irradiation system was developed at the synchrotron light source UVSOR-III. Hydrogen Lyman-α CPL (121.6 nm) is considered a potential asymmetric source in space. Therefore, racemic alanine film samples were irradiated with Lyman-α CPL to explore the photoreaction of biomolecules. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra measurements revealed that irradiation with right- (left-) handed CPL induced a positive (negative) anisotropy factor g in the wavelength range of 180–240 nm. However, the spectra differed from those of enantiopure alanine, exhibiting broad wavelength ranges and no sign change. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) measurements indicate formation of larger molecules, such as oligomeric alanine adducts or modified oligomers after the Lyman-α CPL irradiation. Additionally, CPL irradiation considerably changes the microstructure of the alanine film surface, leading to the formation of circular network aggregates on the scale of 100 nm. The morphology changes in the alanine film and/or the formation of the larger molecules could be possible causes of the modified anisotropy factor spectra compared to those of enantiopure alanine. These findings highlight the need for further research on the photoreaction of biomolecules in solid states under VUV CPL irradiation, particularly in the photoionization energy range, to validate the cosmic scenario of homochirality.

Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Apr 17, 2019

The fluoride shuttle battery (FSB) is a promising next-generation battery candidate. In the FSB, ... more The fluoride shuttle battery (FSB) is a promising next-generation battery candidate. In the FSB, a metal fluoride and organic solvent containing supporting electrolyte salt and anion acceptor were used as active material and electrolyte. In this study, using bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl] ether (tetraglyme: G4) containing cesium fluoride (CsF; 0.45 mol dm -3 or saturated) and triphenylboroxine (TPhBX; 0.50 mol dm - 3 ) as electrolyte (CsF(0.45)-TPhBX(0.50)-G4 and CsF(sat.)-TPhBX(0.50)-G4), the electrochemical performance of bismuth fluoride (BiF3) was assessed. Although the discharge and charge reactions of BiF3 electrode proceeded in both electrolytes, the cycling performance of BiF3 electrode in CsF(0.45)-TPhBX(0.50)-G4 was poorer than that in CsF(sat.)-TPhBX(0.50)-G4. The cause of differences in the electrochemical properties was investigated using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/ energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The AAS results indicate that the poor cycling performance with CsF(0.45)-TPhBX(0.50)-G4 was due to dissolution of active material during charging. The XPS and cross-sectional SEM/EDX results indicate that the formation state of Bi and progress of electrolyte decomposition during discharging were affected by CsF/TPhBX ratio in the electrolyte.

Electrochemistry, 2014

Degradation mechanism of surface coating effects at the cathode/electrolyte interface is investig... more Degradation mechanism of surface coating effects at the cathode/electrolyte interface is investigated using thinfilm model electrodes combined with operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). MgO-coated LiCoO 2 thin-film electrodes prepared via pulsed laser deposition at room temperature and high temperature are used as model systems. The MgO coating improves the durability of the cathode during high-potential cycling. Operando total reflection fluorescence XAS reveals that initial deterioration due to reduction of Co ions at the surface of the uncoated-LiCoO 2 thin film upon electrolyte immersion is inhibited by the MgO coating. Operando depth-resolved XAS reveals that the MgO coating suppresses drastic distortions of local structure at the LiCoO 2 surface as observed in the uncoated-LiCoO 2 during charging process. The electronic and local structure changes at the electrode/ electrolyte interface for two types of surface coating morphologies are discussed.

Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability, 2019

The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2024

This study investigates the interface between ice and organic solvents using atomic force microsc... more This study investigates the interface between ice and organic solvents using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Atomically flat ice surfaces were prepared and observed by AFM in 1-octanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-butanol. The results show differences in surface roughness influenced by the interaction of ice and alcohols. Young’s modulus of ice was analyzed by force curve measurements, providing valuable insights into the properties of ice in liquid environments. The results showed the characteristics of the ice surface in different solvents, suggesting potential applications in understanding surface and interface phenomena associated with ice under realistic conditions.

Scientific Reports, 2024

Recent advancements in computational science and interfacial measurements have sparked interest i... more Recent advancements in computational science and interfacial measurements have sparked interest in microscopic water droplets and their diverse behaviors. A previous study using nonlinear spectroscopy revealed the heterogeneous wetting phenomenon of silica glass in response to humidity. Building on this premise, we employed high-resolution atomic force microscopy to investigate the wetting dynamics of silica glass surfaces at various humidity levels. Our observations revealed the spontaneous formation of nano-water droplets at a relative humidity of 50%. In contrast to the conventional model, which predicts the spreading of nanodroplets to form a uniform water film, our findings demonstrate the coexistence of nano-water droplets and the liquid film. Moreover, the mobility of the nano-water droplets suggests their potential in inducing the transport of adsorbates on solid surfaces. These results may contribute to the catalytic function of solid materials.

Interface Analysis during the Energy Conversion by Scanning Probe Microscopy

The Chemical Society of Japan, Jan 18, 2021

Understanding the subnanoscale solvation structures of ionic liquids is crucial for the developme... more Understanding the subnanoscale solvation structures of ionic liquids is crucial for the development of innovative functional 'devices' across numerous fields. We previously demonstrated the atomic-scale solvation measurements using an ultra-low noise 3D frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations. However, to facilitate practical applications, the molecular distribution on a heterosurface must be verified. Here, we unveil the local solvation structures on a heterogeneously charged phyllosilicate surface in an ionic liquid solution and pure liquid. By identifying adsorbed ion species from the molecular sizes and orientations, we experimentally demonstrate that anions and cations preferentially adsorbed onto the positive and negative surfaces exhibit different orientations and water miscibility. Moreover, we reveal that neutral intermediate regions are formed at the boundary region in ionic liquid media as well as a KCl solution. In the future, this technique will be essential for the evolution of ionic-liquid functional 'devices'.

Molecular Structures of Organic Single Crystals Investigated by New Scanning Probe Microscopes

ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2008

Nature Communications

Enantioselectivity of helical aggregation is conventionally directed either by its homochiral ing... more Enantioselectivity of helical aggregation is conventionally directed either by its homochiral ingredients or by introduction of chiral catalysis. The fundamental question, then, is whether helical aggregation that consists only of achiral components can obtain enantioselectivity in the absence of chiral catalysis. Here, by exploiting enantiospecific interaction due to chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) that has been known to work to enantio-separate a racemic mixture of chiral molecules, we demonstrate the enantioselectivity in the assembly of mesoscale helical supramolecules consisting of achiral cobalt phthalocyanines. The helical nature in our supramolecules is revealed to be mesoscopically incorporated by dislocation-induced discretized twists, unlike the case of chiral molecules whose chirality are determined microscopically by chemical bond. The relevance of CISS effect in the discretized helical supramolecules is further confirmed by the appearance of spin-polarized curre...

Interactions among solvent, anion acceptor, and supporting electrolyte salt in fluoride shuttle battery electrolyte based on nuclear magnetic resonance

Energy Storage

Clarification of Physical Properties and Reaction Mechanism on the Surface of Titanium Dioxide by Scanning Probe Microscopy

Fluoride-Ion Shuttle Battery with High Volumetric Energy Density

Chemistry of Materials, 2020

With the increasing development of electric vehicles and portable devices, there is a strong requ... more With the increasing development of electric vehicles and portable devices, there is a strong requirement for high-energy batteries. To improve battery energy, multielectron transfer electrode react...

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2018

Li-rich type manganese oxides are one of the most promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries in... more Li-rich type manganese oxides are one of the most promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries in recent years; thanks to their high energy density. In these cathodes, partial substitution of manganese by other transition metals such as nickel and cobalt has been proposed and shown to be effective in improving the performance; however, the role of

ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2013

Applied Physics Express, 2024

The functionalities of materials are governed by the atom type and arrangement, and perturbations... more The functionalities of materials are governed by the atom type and arrangement, and perturbations caused by defects and adsorbate interactions often significantly alter the behavior of materials. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) can capture complex interactions caused by the structures on surfaces. It is, however, difficult to analyze such interactions appearing there. In this paper, an image-processing technique that employs template matching to recognize local structures in SPM images and calculate positional correlations is reported. This approach opens new avenues for investigating intricate perturbations in the sciences and provides detailed insights into materials science.

Electrochimica Acta, 1976

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2025

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for topographic imaging and force sensing on sol... more Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for topographic imaging and force sensing on solid objects buried in liquid. In the present study, the feasibility of force detection in the frequency-modulation mode has been demonstrated in 1-octanol liquid at temperatures as low as-15 °C. A commercial microscope was cooled within an acoustic enclosure, and topographic images of octanol molecules adsorbed on graphite were obtained with nanometer-scale resolution. The molecules of octanol in the liquid phase exhibited flat layers over the octanol-adsorbed graphite, as evidenced by a series of force-distance curves. This research certified the usability of frequency-modulation AFM operated at sub-zero temperatures, even though the viscosity of the imaging liquid is enhanced.

Science Advances, 2025

Single-walled carbon nanotubes, as prototypical one-dimensional systems, have been extensively st... more Single-walled carbon nanotubes, as prototypical one-dimensional systems, have been extensively studied for their extreme confinement effects and the formation of strongly bound excitons. However, their high surface-to-volume ratio renders their dynamics highly susceptible to variations in the surrounding environment. Yet, visualizing photoinduced dynamics within individual nanotubes has remained a major challenge because of the lack of methods combining sufficient spatial and temporal resolution with sensitivity to an exceedingly small number of electron-hole pairs. Here, we apply ultrafast infrared nanospectroscopic imaging to probe local electron-hole dynamics in both isolated and bundled carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition. This approach unravels heterogeneity in electron-hole pair creation and annihilation, arising from disordered stress within a tube and/or interactions with neighboring tubes. The capability to visualize local electron-hole dynamics in real time and space is essential for advancing carbon nanotubes as fundamental building blocks in nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices.

Applied Physics Letters, 2024

Despite the rapid progresses in the field of organic semiconductors, aided by the development of ... more Despite the rapid progresses in the field of organic semiconductors, aided by the development of high-mobility organic materials, their high carrier mobilities are often unipolar, being sufficiently high only for either electrons or holes. Yet, the basic mechanisms underlying such significant mobility asymmetry largely remains elusive. We perform angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to reveal the occupied band structures and the many-body interactions for low-mobility hole carriers in a typical n-type semiconductor perylene diimide derivative. The band dispersion exhibits strong renormalization to the calculated non-interacting electronic structure. The analysis including many-body interactions elucidate that the significant mass enhancement can be understood in terms of strong charge-phonon coupling, leading to an important mechanism of polaron band transport of low intrinsic carrier mobility in organic semiconductors.

Chirality, 2024

The homochirality of life remains one of the most enigmatic issues in the study of the origin of ... more The homochirality of life remains one of the most enigmatic issues in the study of the origin of life. A proposed mechanism for symmetry breaking involves irradiation by circularly polarized light (CPL). To investigate the photoreaction of amino acids under CPL irradiation, a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) CPL irradiation system was developed at the synchrotron light source UVSOR-III. Hydrogen Lyman-α CPL (121.6 nm) is considered a potential asymmetric source in space. Therefore, racemic alanine film samples were irradiated with Lyman-α CPL to explore the photoreaction of biomolecules. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra measurements revealed that irradiation with right- (left-) handed CPL induced a positive (negative) anisotropy factor g in the wavelength range of 180–240 nm. However, the spectra differed from those of enantiopure alanine, exhibiting broad wavelength ranges and no sign change. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) measurements indicate formation of larger molecules, such as oligomeric alanine adducts or modified oligomers after the Lyman-α CPL irradiation. Additionally, CPL irradiation considerably changes the microstructure of the alanine film surface, leading to the formation of circular network aggregates on the scale of 100 nm. The morphology changes in the alanine film and/or the formation of the larger molecules could be possible causes of the modified anisotropy factor spectra compared to those of enantiopure alanine. These findings highlight the need for further research on the photoreaction of biomolecules in solid states under VUV CPL irradiation, particularly in the photoionization energy range, to validate the cosmic scenario of homochirality.

Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Apr 17, 2019

The fluoride shuttle battery (FSB) is a promising next-generation battery candidate. In the FSB, ... more The fluoride shuttle battery (FSB) is a promising next-generation battery candidate. In the FSB, a metal fluoride and organic solvent containing supporting electrolyte salt and anion acceptor were used as active material and electrolyte. In this study, using bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl] ether (tetraglyme: G4) containing cesium fluoride (CsF; 0.45 mol dm -3 or saturated) and triphenylboroxine (TPhBX; 0.50 mol dm - 3 ) as electrolyte (CsF(0.45)-TPhBX(0.50)-G4 and CsF(sat.)-TPhBX(0.50)-G4), the electrochemical performance of bismuth fluoride (BiF3) was assessed. Although the discharge and charge reactions of BiF3 electrode proceeded in both electrolytes, the cycling performance of BiF3 electrode in CsF(0.45)-TPhBX(0.50)-G4 was poorer than that in CsF(sat.)-TPhBX(0.50)-G4. The cause of differences in the electrochemical properties was investigated using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/ energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The AAS results indicate that the poor cycling performance with CsF(0.45)-TPhBX(0.50)-G4 was due to dissolution of active material during charging. The XPS and cross-sectional SEM/EDX results indicate that the formation state of Bi and progress of electrolyte decomposition during discharging were affected by CsF/TPhBX ratio in the electrolyte.

Electrochemistry, 2014

Degradation mechanism of surface coating effects at the cathode/electrolyte interface is investig... more Degradation mechanism of surface coating effects at the cathode/electrolyte interface is investigated using thinfilm model electrodes combined with operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). MgO-coated LiCoO 2 thin-film electrodes prepared via pulsed laser deposition at room temperature and high temperature are used as model systems. The MgO coating improves the durability of the cathode during high-potential cycling. Operando total reflection fluorescence XAS reveals that initial deterioration due to reduction of Co ions at the surface of the uncoated-LiCoO 2 thin film upon electrolyte immersion is inhibited by the MgO coating. Operando depth-resolved XAS reveals that the MgO coating suppresses drastic distortions of local structure at the LiCoO 2 surface as observed in the uncoated-LiCoO 2 during charging process. The electronic and local structure changes at the electrode/ electrolyte interface for two types of surface coating morphologies are discussed.

Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability, 2019

The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2024

This study investigates the interface between ice and organic solvents using atomic force microsc... more This study investigates the interface between ice and organic solvents using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Atomically flat ice surfaces were prepared and observed by AFM in 1-octanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-butanol. The results show differences in surface roughness influenced by the interaction of ice and alcohols. Young’s modulus of ice was analyzed by force curve measurements, providing valuable insights into the properties of ice in liquid environments. The results showed the characteristics of the ice surface in different solvents, suggesting potential applications in understanding surface and interface phenomena associated with ice under realistic conditions.

Scientific Reports, 2024

Recent advancements in computational science and interfacial measurements have sparked interest i... more Recent advancements in computational science and interfacial measurements have sparked interest in microscopic water droplets and their diverse behaviors. A previous study using nonlinear spectroscopy revealed the heterogeneous wetting phenomenon of silica glass in response to humidity. Building on this premise, we employed high-resolution atomic force microscopy to investigate the wetting dynamics of silica glass surfaces at various humidity levels. Our observations revealed the spontaneous formation of nano-water droplets at a relative humidity of 50%. In contrast to the conventional model, which predicts the spreading of nanodroplets to form a uniform water film, our findings demonstrate the coexistence of nano-water droplets and the liquid film. Moreover, the mobility of the nano-water droplets suggests their potential in inducing the transport of adsorbates on solid surfaces. These results may contribute to the catalytic function of solid materials.

Interface Analysis during the Energy Conversion by Scanning Probe Microscopy

The Chemical Society of Japan, Jan 18, 2021

Understanding the subnanoscale solvation structures of ionic liquids is crucial for the developme... more Understanding the subnanoscale solvation structures of ionic liquids is crucial for the development of innovative functional 'devices' across numerous fields. We previously demonstrated the atomic-scale solvation measurements using an ultra-low noise 3D frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations. However, to facilitate practical applications, the molecular distribution on a heterosurface must be verified. Here, we unveil the local solvation structures on a heterogeneously charged phyllosilicate surface in an ionic liquid solution and pure liquid. By identifying adsorbed ion species from the molecular sizes and orientations, we experimentally demonstrate that anions and cations preferentially adsorbed onto the positive and negative surfaces exhibit different orientations and water miscibility. Moreover, we reveal that neutral intermediate regions are formed at the boundary region in ionic liquid media as well as a KCl solution. In the future, this technique will be essential for the evolution of ionic-liquid functional 'devices'.

Molecular Structures of Organic Single Crystals Investigated by New Scanning Probe Microscopes

ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2008

Nature Communications

Enantioselectivity of helical aggregation is conventionally directed either by its homochiral ing... more Enantioselectivity of helical aggregation is conventionally directed either by its homochiral ingredients or by introduction of chiral catalysis. The fundamental question, then, is whether helical aggregation that consists only of achiral components can obtain enantioselectivity in the absence of chiral catalysis. Here, by exploiting enantiospecific interaction due to chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) that has been known to work to enantio-separate a racemic mixture of chiral molecules, we demonstrate the enantioselectivity in the assembly of mesoscale helical supramolecules consisting of achiral cobalt phthalocyanines. The helical nature in our supramolecules is revealed to be mesoscopically incorporated by dislocation-induced discretized twists, unlike the case of chiral molecules whose chirality are determined microscopically by chemical bond. The relevance of CISS effect in the discretized helical supramolecules is further confirmed by the appearance of spin-polarized curre...

Interactions among solvent, anion acceptor, and supporting electrolyte salt in fluoride shuttle battery electrolyte based on nuclear magnetic resonance

Energy Storage

Clarification of Physical Properties and Reaction Mechanism on the Surface of Titanium Dioxide by Scanning Probe Microscopy

Fluoride-Ion Shuttle Battery with High Volumetric Energy Density

Chemistry of Materials, 2020

With the increasing development of electric vehicles and portable devices, there is a strong requ... more With the increasing development of electric vehicles and portable devices, there is a strong requirement for high-energy batteries. To improve battery energy, multielectron transfer electrode react...

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2018

Li-rich type manganese oxides are one of the most promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries in... more Li-rich type manganese oxides are one of the most promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries in recent years; thanks to their high energy density. In these cathodes, partial substitution of manganese by other transition metals such as nickel and cobalt has been proposed and shown to be effective in improving the performance; however, the role of

ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2013

Applied Physics Express, 2024

The functionalities of materials are governed by the atom type and arrangement, and perturbations... more The functionalities of materials are governed by the atom type and arrangement, and perturbations caused by defects and adsorbate interactions often significantly alter the behavior of materials. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) can capture complex interactions caused by the structures on surfaces. It is, however, difficult to analyze such interactions appearing there. In this paper, an image-processing technique that employs template matching to recognize local structures in SPM images and calculate positional correlations is reported. This approach opens new avenues for investigating intricate perturbations in the sciences and provides detailed insights into materials science.

ACADEMIC GROOVE Vol.1 SIGNAL−Humanities and Social Sciences, 2019

国家／プラトン著／ 本書で行われている議論の中には、現代の倫理観では受け入れ難い部分も多い。学生の頃にこの本を読んだ私は、その後の哲学に多大な影響を与えたとされるこの本が書かれた時代で、何故この... more 国家／プラトン著／ 本書で行われている議論の中には、現代の倫理観では受け入れ難い部分も多い。学生の頃にこの本を読んだ私は、その後の哲学に多大な影響を与えたとされるこの本が書かれた時代で、何故このような倫理観が受け入れられたか考えた。そして、その後人類は歴史を経て、当時とは異なる倫理観にどのようにして達したのだろうかと考えた。さらに、この本の中で行われている正義に関する議論の姿勢から、私自身が目指していた研究者にとって、どのように行動していくことが正義となるのかを考え、研究者としての自分の行為の価値基準をどこに置くかということを考える上で大きな参考になった。科学の評価の仕方も時代を経て変化するが、持続的に人々にいいsignalを与える成果を得るためにどうすればいいかを、今でも常に考えている。