Jaap van der Meer | Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (original) (raw)
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![Research paper thumbnail of Dose- and time-dependent formation of biliary benzo[ a ]pyrene metabolites in the marine flatfish DAB ( Limanda limanda )](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40566810/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2001
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant pollutants, and many PAHs are carcinogenic, ... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant pollutants, and many PAHs are carcinogenic, but only after metabolic activation. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is among the most carcinogenic PAHs. The dose and time response of two enzymes involved in BaP metabolism and the amounts of BaP metabolites excreted into the bile were evaluated in an experiment with dab (Limanda limanda). Ninety dab were exposed orally to one of five doses of BaP (0, 0.08, 0.4, 2, or 10 mg/kg) and sampled at 3, 6, or 12 d after exposure. None of the doses studied caused significant induction of either microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), which reflects cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) activity, or cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST). Concentrations of biliary BaP metabolites significantly increased with dose and significantly decreased with time after exposure. It is concluded that biliary BaP metabolites provide a much more sensitive method than EROD (CYP1A) or GST activity to monitor recent exposure to PAHs in dab.
. Assessing the population size of the European storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus) using spatial... more . Assessing the population size of the European storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus) using spatial autocorrelation between counts from segments of criss-cross ship transects. -ICES J. mar. Sci., 52: 809-818. European storm petrels were counted on criss-cross ship transects on the continental shelf between Ireland and Spain. No element of randomisation was involved in the selection of the sampled area. A geostatistical model which explicitly considers the spatial autocorrelation between observations from transect segments, was therefore used to predict population size in the study area. The model also provides standard errors of the prediction. Although some of the underlying assumptions of the model were questionable, several alternative approaches yielded almost similar predictions, suggesting model robustness. The prediction of the total number of European storm petrels present in the study area is equivalent to 255 000 breeding pairs. This is much higher than previous estimates of the total breeding population of the region, ranging from 50 000 to 100 000 pairs. 1995 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Journal of AOAC International
Between 1988 and 1994, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the Intergovernm... more Between 1988 and 1994, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and the Oslo and Paris Commissions organized a stepwise interlaboratory study for determination of chlorobiphenyls (CBs) in marine media. The final parts of this study, in which 53 laboratories from 14 countries participated, focused on long-term precision, cleanup, and extraction. Calibration was controlled continuously by analysis of 10 CBs in an unknown solution. Participants were requested to analyze 3 CBs in a certified reference material fish oil (6 times); 10 CBs in cleaned and uncleaned marine sediment and seal blubber extracts; and 10 CBs in seal blubber oil, dried marine sediment, and wet, lean fish muscle tissue. The long-term precision study showed that, compared with earlier exercises in which only duplicate analyses were required, repeatability increased about 1.5-fold compared with reproducibility. The mean standard error for reproducibility of determination of 10 CBs in standard solutions improved from 1.22 to 1.15. The standard error improved from 1.36 to 1.25 (without CBs 28 and 31) for seal blubber oil and from 1.36 to 1.22 for dried marine sediment. In seal blubber oil and dried marine sediment, the major CBs 118, 138, 153, and 180 can now be determined by the group of participating laboratories with a reproducibility of 1.5 (about 50%). No significant differences were found between results for cleaned-up and uncleaned extracts. No acceptable results could be obtained for determination of CBs in lean fish muscle tissue. Biplots of principal component analyses are extremely helpful in evaluating the data generated by this type of study.
Journal of AOAC International
ABSTRACT
Journal of Animal Ecology
Models of population dynamics that include interference competition have often been applied to fo... more Models of population dynamics that include interference competition have often been applied to foraging waders and less so to other foragers, even though these models are, in principle, generally applicable. At present, however, it is still unclear whether interference competition is of importance for foraging waders. To support this idea experimental evidence and knowledge of the mechanisms underlying interference effects are required. We experimentally determined the relationship between forager density and foraging success in two wader species: the red knot (Calidris canutus) and the ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres). With each of the two species, we conducted an experiment consisting of 300 one-min trials. In these trials we scored the behavior and the foraging success of focal individuals at specific combinations of bird and prey density. Irrespective of prey density, individuals of both species discovered fewer prey items at higher bird densities. Despite this, only in turnstones did intake rates decline with increasing bird density. Knots compensated for a lower prey-discovery rate by rejecting fewer prey items at higher bird densities. In knots, bird density had a complex, nonmonotonic effect on the time spent vigilant and searching. In turnstones the main effect of increased bird density was a reduction in the prey-encounter rate, that is, the reward per unit search time. Effects on the time spent vigilant and the time spent searching were less pronounced than in knots. Thus, the mechanistic basis of the effects of bird density was complex for each of the two species and differed between them.
Egg size of Eiders Somateria mollissima was studied in the colony on Vlieland, The Netherlands, d... more Egg size of Eiders Somateria mollissima was studied in the colony on Vlieland, The Netherlands, during six consecutive years. Mean length and breadth of 2476 eggs was 77.84 and 51.25 mm, respectively. Mean volume measured of 1882 of these eggs was 104.03 cm 3 . A large variation in egg size was found, the volume of the smallest egg being only 53% of the largest one. Major factors influencing the size variation appeared to be differences between females and the position of the egg in the laying sequence of the clutch. Differences in egg size between females were not related to their body size. The first egg in a clutch was smaller than the second, but the last egg was the smallest. Also clutch size and age of the female contributed to the variation. Females produced smaller eggs as they grew older. Age affected the last eggs in the clutch more than the first ones. Mean egg size varied only slightly among years, though temperatures in winter and food conditions in spring varied considerably during the study.
ICES Journal of Marine Science
. Long-term fluctuations in fish recruit abundance in the western Wadden Sea in relation to varia... more . Long-term fluctuations in fish recruit abundance in the western Wadden Sea in relation to variation in the marine environment. -ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53: 1120-1129. Fyke catches from the westernmost tidal inlet of the Wadden Sea were analysed for inter-annual variability in recruit numbers of several commercial and non-commercial fish species between 1972 and 1994. Year-to-year variability in recruits ranged between 0.28 and 1.13 standard deviation. Variability was relatively low for species such as turbot, plaice, and sole, which concentrate in nursery areas during their early life history. Correlations between species were generally low, although a few clusters of species tended to show similar patterns. Pollack and whiting decreased during the study period, whilst sole, flounder, herring, and lumpsucker became more abundant. Part of the observed inter-annual variability in recruits appears to be related to fluctuations in the environment, such as transport rate of larvae across the North Sea and quality of the nurseries, i.e. temperature, food availability, and predation pressure. 1996 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
The recently developed MBT-CBT proxy for the reconstruction of continental air temperature and pa... more The recently developed MBT-CBT proxy for the reconstruction of continental air temperature and past soil pH is based on the distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids in soils. The Methylation of Branched Tetraether (MBT) and the Cyclisation of Branched Tetraether (CBT) indices were developed to quantify these distributions and significant empirical relations between these indices and annual mean air temperature (MAT) and/or soil pH were found in a large data set of soils. In this study, we extended the soil dataset to 278 globally distributed surface soils. Of these soils, 26% contains all nine branched GDGTs, while in 63% of the soils the seven most common branched GDGTs were detected, which were selected for calibration purposes. This resulted in new transfer functions for the reconstruction of pH based on the CBT index, as well as for MAT based on the CBT index and adjusted MBT index (MBT'). The new transfer function for MAT has a su...
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2001
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant pollutants, and many PAHs are carcinogenic, ... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant pollutants, and many PAHs are carcinogenic, but only after metabolic activation. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is among the most carcinogenic PAHs. The dose and time response of two enzymes involved in BaP metabolism and the amounts of BaP metabolites excreted into the bile were evaluated in an experiment with dab (Limanda limanda). Ninety dab were exposed orally to one of five doses of BaP (0, 0.08, 0.4, 2, or 10 mg/kg) and sampled at 3, 6, or 12 d after exposure. None of the doses studied caused significant induction of either microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), which reflects cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) activity, or cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST). Concentrations of biliary BaP metabolites significantly increased with dose and significantly decreased with time after exposure. It is concluded that biliary BaP metabolites provide a much more sensitive method than EROD (CYP1A) or GST activity to monitor recent exposure to PAHs in dab.
. Assessing the population size of the European storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus) using spatial... more . Assessing the population size of the European storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus) using spatial autocorrelation between counts from segments of criss-cross ship transects. -ICES J. mar. Sci., 52: 809-818. European storm petrels were counted on criss-cross ship transects on the continental shelf between Ireland and Spain. No element of randomisation was involved in the selection of the sampled area. A geostatistical model which explicitly considers the spatial autocorrelation between observations from transect segments, was therefore used to predict population size in the study area. The model also provides standard errors of the prediction. Although some of the underlying assumptions of the model were questionable, several alternative approaches yielded almost similar predictions, suggesting model robustness. The prediction of the total number of European storm petrels present in the study area is equivalent to 255 000 breeding pairs. This is much higher than previous estimates of the total breeding population of the region, ranging from 50 000 to 100 000 pairs. 1995 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Journal of AOAC International
Between 1988 and 1994, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the Intergovernm... more Between 1988 and 1994, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and the Oslo and Paris Commissions organized a stepwise interlaboratory study for determination of chlorobiphenyls (CBs) in marine media. The final parts of this study, in which 53 laboratories from 14 countries participated, focused on long-term precision, cleanup, and extraction. Calibration was controlled continuously by analysis of 10 CBs in an unknown solution. Participants were requested to analyze 3 CBs in a certified reference material fish oil (6 times); 10 CBs in cleaned and uncleaned marine sediment and seal blubber extracts; and 10 CBs in seal blubber oil, dried marine sediment, and wet, lean fish muscle tissue. The long-term precision study showed that, compared with earlier exercises in which only duplicate analyses were required, repeatability increased about 1.5-fold compared with reproducibility. The mean standard error for reproducibility of determination of 10 CBs in standard solutions improved from 1.22 to 1.15. The standard error improved from 1.36 to 1.25 (without CBs 28 and 31) for seal blubber oil and from 1.36 to 1.22 for dried marine sediment. In seal blubber oil and dried marine sediment, the major CBs 118, 138, 153, and 180 can now be determined by the group of participating laboratories with a reproducibility of 1.5 (about 50%). No significant differences were found between results for cleaned-up and uncleaned extracts. No acceptable results could be obtained for determination of CBs in lean fish muscle tissue. Biplots of principal component analyses are extremely helpful in evaluating the data generated by this type of study.
Journal of AOAC International
ABSTRACT
Journal of Animal Ecology
Models of population dynamics that include interference competition have often been applied to fo... more Models of population dynamics that include interference competition have often been applied to foraging waders and less so to other foragers, even though these models are, in principle, generally applicable. At present, however, it is still unclear whether interference competition is of importance for foraging waders. To support this idea experimental evidence and knowledge of the mechanisms underlying interference effects are required. We experimentally determined the relationship between forager density and foraging success in two wader species: the red knot (Calidris canutus) and the ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres). With each of the two species, we conducted an experiment consisting of 300 one-min trials. In these trials we scored the behavior and the foraging success of focal individuals at specific combinations of bird and prey density. Irrespective of prey density, individuals of both species discovered fewer prey items at higher bird densities. Despite this, only in turnstones did intake rates decline with increasing bird density. Knots compensated for a lower prey-discovery rate by rejecting fewer prey items at higher bird densities. In knots, bird density had a complex, nonmonotonic effect on the time spent vigilant and searching. In turnstones the main effect of increased bird density was a reduction in the prey-encounter rate, that is, the reward per unit search time. Effects on the time spent vigilant and the time spent searching were less pronounced than in knots. Thus, the mechanistic basis of the effects of bird density was complex for each of the two species and differed between them.
Egg size of Eiders Somateria mollissima was studied in the colony on Vlieland, The Netherlands, d... more Egg size of Eiders Somateria mollissima was studied in the colony on Vlieland, The Netherlands, during six consecutive years. Mean length and breadth of 2476 eggs was 77.84 and 51.25 mm, respectively. Mean volume measured of 1882 of these eggs was 104.03 cm 3 . A large variation in egg size was found, the volume of the smallest egg being only 53% of the largest one. Major factors influencing the size variation appeared to be differences between females and the position of the egg in the laying sequence of the clutch. Differences in egg size between females were not related to their body size. The first egg in a clutch was smaller than the second, but the last egg was the smallest. Also clutch size and age of the female contributed to the variation. Females produced smaller eggs as they grew older. Age affected the last eggs in the clutch more than the first ones. Mean egg size varied only slightly among years, though temperatures in winter and food conditions in spring varied considerably during the study.
ICES Journal of Marine Science
. Long-term fluctuations in fish recruit abundance in the western Wadden Sea in relation to varia... more . Long-term fluctuations in fish recruit abundance in the western Wadden Sea in relation to variation in the marine environment. -ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53: 1120-1129. Fyke catches from the westernmost tidal inlet of the Wadden Sea were analysed for inter-annual variability in recruit numbers of several commercial and non-commercial fish species between 1972 and 1994. Year-to-year variability in recruits ranged between 0.28 and 1.13 standard deviation. Variability was relatively low for species such as turbot, plaice, and sole, which concentrate in nursery areas during their early life history. Correlations between species were generally low, although a few clusters of species tended to show similar patterns. Pollack and whiting decreased during the study period, whilst sole, flounder, herring, and lumpsucker became more abundant. Part of the observed inter-annual variability in recruits appears to be related to fluctuations in the environment, such as transport rate of larvae across the North Sea and quality of the nurseries, i.e. temperature, food availability, and predation pressure. 1996 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
The recently developed MBT-CBT proxy for the reconstruction of continental air temperature and pa... more The recently developed MBT-CBT proxy for the reconstruction of continental air temperature and past soil pH is based on the distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids in soils. The Methylation of Branched Tetraether (MBT) and the Cyclisation of Branched Tetraether (CBT) indices were developed to quantify these distributions and significant empirical relations between these indices and annual mean air temperature (MAT) and/or soil pH were found in a large data set of soils. In this study, we extended the soil dataset to 278 globally distributed surface soils. Of these soils, 26% contains all nine branched GDGTs, while in 63% of the soils the seven most common branched GDGTs were detected, which were selected for calibration purposes. This resulted in new transfer functions for the reconstruction of pH based on the CBT index, as well as for MAT based on the CBT index and adjusted MBT index (MBT'). The new transfer function for MAT has a su...