Dr Jemilat Ibrahim | National institute for pharmaceutical research and development Abuja- Nigeria (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr Jemilat Ibrahim
Journal of complementary and alternative medical research, Aug 17, 2023
Aim: This study explores and documents obstacles faced by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMP... more Aim: This study explores and documents obstacles faced by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) in Nigeria. Traditional Medicine (TM) plays a vital role in the healthcare systems of low-and middle-income countries, yet it encounters numerous challenges.
International Journal of Bioassays, Dec 1, 2015
Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Antidesma venosum E. Mey. ex. Tul. and comparat... more Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Antidesma venosum E. Mey. ex. Tul. and comparative phytochemical and pharmacognostic analysis of its leaf, stem bark and root
Research in Plant Biology, May 30, 2023
Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics, Dec 5, 2022
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic came along with a lot of challenges including the absence o... more The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic came along with a lot of challenges including the absence of precautionary measures towards the prevention of the disease observed in market places around FCT. Also, herbal medicine practitioners became first point of call by locals even in advent of the disease. The perception regarding COVID-19 among herbal medicine sellers in different parts of the F.C.T was studied. A cross-sectional study using semi-structured questionnaire; descriptive and inferential statistics was done. Association between variables using chi square test (x 2) and logistic regression analysis was done (p-value ≤0.05). Respondents (87%) were aware of COVID-19. 41% thought the pandemic was an inflated event strengthened by symptoms of seasonal diseases. Respondents (70%) had no herbal drugs to manage COVID-19, 30% had herbs to manage the disease while 41% stated an increase in sales of herbs used to manage symptoms. Precautions were taken by 72% while 44% and 26% practiced handwashing and social distancing respectively. The contribution of wrong belief towards COVID-19 risk precaution measures has been reported. A significant relationship (x 2 = 9.7) was observed between awareness of COVID-19 and the belief that it existed (p˂0.05). There is need to educate the people, especially the herb-sellers on COVID-19 and to also integrate them into public health related programs as they may be the only alternative to locals in advent of disease.
Journal of Biophysical Chemistry, 2022
Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem, family Meliaceae) is a reputable medicinal plant. Various parts... more Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem, family Meliaceae) is a reputable medicinal plant. Various parts of the plant are used as a remedy against different ailments, as a natural pesticide, as raw material in the cosmetic industry, and for marking other commodities. The seed oil is a major product of the plant and its quality depends on the seed quality and extraction methods employed. In this study, the chemical profile of NIPRDNEEM oil is compared with that of other brands of neem seed oils by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemometrics. The fatty acid identified in NIPRDNEEM oil were: oleic acid (34.09%), stearic acid (11.4%), linoleic acid (15.94%), palmitic acid (23.4%), arachidic acid (0.73%), and the other compounds were: 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether (0.95%) and farnesyl alcohol (13.20%). The branded oils were composed predominantly of oleic acid (13.50%-26.76%), palmitic acid (6.88%-11.99%), linoleic acid (7.32%-11.17%), stearic acid (4.29%-13.08%), and arachidic acid (0.53%-1.27%). The unbranded oil contained oleic acid (30.04%), stearic acid (14.91%), linoleic acid (14.62%), palmitic acid (12.34%), and arachidic acid (0.93%). Stigmasterol, stigmasterol acetate, and sitosterol were the sterols identified in the oils. Characterization of the fatty acid profile of neem seed oil is vital for industrial and economic purposes. The fatty acids profile of the NIPRDNEEM oil and other neem seed oil were comparable. Both PCA plots and HCA dendrogram from the chemometric analysis shows three main grouping of all samples. While NIPRDNEEM and the local neem oil were grouped, suggesting a high degree of resemblance of both samples.
Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria, Jul 19, 2018
Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. citriodora are two Eucalyptus species that are very rich in essen... more Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. citriodora are two Eucalyptus species that are very rich in essential oil and are often used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of different ailments. However, the leaves of E. camaldulensis and E. citriodora are very similar in structure and can be very difficult to distinguish when dry or in fragments. Hence, comparative phytochemical screening, elemental, pharmacognostic and GCMS analyses were carried out on the leaves and leaves extracts of two Eucalyptus species harvested from a garden in order to establish some distinguishing physicochemical and pharmacognostic characteristics. The leaf essential oils of the two species were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed on GC-MS. The results of phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponins, carbohydrates and sterols in both species. Elemental analysis indicated that the levels of the elements in the two samples differ. Chromium (Cr) was below detectable limit in the two samples while Pb, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mg were detected and quantified. Only Eucalyptus citriodora showed the presence of flavonoids. Tannins, alkaloids and anthraquinones were not detected in the two Eucalyptus species. The dry-leaf moisture contents were 9.5% and 9.7% for camaldulensis and citriodora, respectively. The GC-MS analyses of the hydro-distilled essential oils from both plants showed 57 and 39 components for camaldulensis and citriodora, respectively. 35 and 18 components were identified respectively from the two species. However, only seven (7) components were common to the two species, which include 4-terpineol (16.30% and 19.32%), Spathulenol (15.01% and 4.65%), Thymol (4.50% and 1.66%), α-terpineol (1.59% and 3.98%), caryophyllene (0.10% and 3.93%), viridiflorol (0.20% and 2.06%) and phytol (0.30% and 2.21%), respectively. Citronellol and its acetate and isopulegol and its acetate were absent in E. camaldulensis and were appreciably present in E. citriodora. α-Eudesmol was appreciably present in E. camaldulensis but absent in E. citriodora. Citronellol, isopulegol and α-eudesmol may be the distinctive marker compounds between the two species. The microscopic characters of the leaves revealed useful diagnostic parameters for the species. The information obtained from this study, is important not just for establishing morphological or phytoconstituents differences necessary for identification and authentication purposes, but also for monograph development, standardization and pharmaceutical reference as possible source of lead/ hit compounds in drug development or as raw material in drug excipients.
Asian Plant Research Journal, Apr 8, 2023
Comparative analyses of the leaf epidermal microscopy, chemo-microscopy and GCMS analysis of esse... more Comparative analyses of the leaf epidermal microscopy, chemo-microscopy and GCMS analysis of essential oils from three Ocimum species were analyzed. Ocimum belong to the family Lamiaceae. Leaf epidermal microscopy revealed anomocytic stomata in the species studied. Ocimum basilicum has anomocytic stomata on both surfaces but were more abundant on the lower surface; cell walls were wavy on the upper surface and had glandular trichomes on both surfaces. Ocimum canum had anomocytic stomata on both surfaces; cell walls were wavy and trichomes were glandular and non-glandular occurring on both surfaces but occurring more on the upper surface. The nonglandular trichomes are cone-shaped with pointed tip. Ocimum gratissimum has anomacytic Original Research Article
Phytopathology, Nov 25, 2018
Plant Science Today
IntroductionPavetta crassipes is a medicinal plant with various documented biological activities.... more IntroductionPavetta crassipes is a medicinal plant with various documented biological activities. It has a folkloric use as an anti-viral therapy and pharmacologically documented anti-microbial activity. However, its immune modulatory property has not been explored. The study is designed to evaluate the phytochemical profile as well as the anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory potential of the methanol extract of Pavetta crassipes leaf. Methodology In vitro antioxidants activity was determined by nitric oxide inhibitory assay. phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract was also determined. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated using cyclophosphamide induced immunomodulation model in mice. Phytochemical evaluation of leaf extract was done using HPLC analyses. Results were expressed as the mean ± SEM, IC50 value for the antioxidant activity was determined, One-way ANOVA was used for differences in mean followed by Dunnett’s test for multiple comparison for the immunomodulatory ac...
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Mar 31, 2009
Ipomeoa asarifolia has been used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments including ... more Ipomeoa asarifolia has been used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments including dysmenorrhea, without scientific verification of its effects. Phytochemical studies were carried out on samples of I. asarifolia to determine its pharmacognostic profile. Acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, formalin-induced pain and egg-albumin induced inflammatory tests in rats were employed to investigate anti-nociceptive and anti inflammatory properties of 70% methanolic extract of leaves. Alkaloids, saponin and phenols were present. The extract doses of 100-400 mg/kg i.p. significantly (P < 0.05) reduced inflammation and pain at the late phase of the process. The derived LD 50 was 1,732.1 mg/kg i.p. These results justify the ethnomedicinal uses of the plant for pain relief and anti inflammation.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2021
Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees with a wide range of medicinal uses. It is coll... more Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees with a wide range of medicinal uses. It is collected by bees from buds, leaves and bark exudates of several plants in both tropical and temperate regions. Propolis is sometimes referred to as "bee glue" as it is produced by bees for sealing and protection of their hives. Exploration and research into propolis and its biologically active constituents is increasing. Bee farming has become a popular commercial venture in several Nigerian communities and propolis which is a by-product of the bee hive is increasingly being produced and wasted as the economic benefits are completely unknown to the farmers or bee keepers. Propolis production has proven to be economically viable and sustainable. Phytochemical investigations of propolis had yielded several biologically active compounds which are potential drug candidates. This review examines local production and under-exploitation of propolis as a potential source of sustainable wealth creation in Nigeria.
Australian Journal of French Studies, 2020
Most of the apples consumed across Nigeria are imported from South Africa, Europe and United Stat... more Most of the apples consumed across Nigeria are imported from South Africa, Europe and United States of America. Despite the epicuticular hydrophobic wax naturally produced by the fruit which makes it resistant to external spoilage factors, extra coating is usually employed by producers for protection against biotic and abiotic attack during storage in order to extend shelf-life. Nowadays, Nigerians have raised concerns on the nature, level and safety of these wax coatings in apples available in Nigerian market. The results of organoleptic, physicochemical and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses suggested that the epicuticular waxes of apples in Abuja markets are mainly from petrochemical sources with adulterants from waxes of vegetable sources or beeswax. The mineral concentration of Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Zn and Pb in waxes per average sized apples (mg/g) ranged from 1.73 to 15.66, 10.80 to 1357, 26.46 to 173.12, 0.11 to 0.22, 2.05 to 41.80 and 3.78 to 11.66 mg/g, respec...
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2019
Aristolochic acids are naturally occurring biomolecules found in plants of the genus Aristolochia... more Aristolochic acids are naturally occurring biomolecules found in plants of the genus Aristolochia and Asarum belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. They are reported to be carcinogenic and nephrotoxic; and are implicated in kidney diseases, aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) which may result in kidney failure, other health complications and possibly death. Aristolochic acids are highly genotoxic and are linked to upper urothelial cancer in animals and humans. Some Aristolochia species are used in traditional medicine practice in Nigeria and other West African countries without regard to safety concerns. Several countries, especially in the Western world, have banned the use and importation of herbal products containing aristolochic acids. There is need for warning and strict regulation on the importation and consumption of aristolochic acids-containing botanical products in Nigeria. This study aims to review the availability of aristolochic acids, their toxicity, circulation, as well as the quantitative analytical techniques and regulations. It analyzes the herbal products containing aristolochic acids, and aristolochaceae plants grown in Nigeria in respect to public health implications. It highlights the importance of doing an extensive study on indigenous plants producing aristolochic acids and imported herbal products used as weight loss supplements marketed in Nigeria. There is need to emphasize the labeling of herbal products containing aristolochic acids.
European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2016
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, Sep 22, 2008
The Gwandara people of Sabo Wuse in Niger State, Nigeria are the original inhabitants of Wuse in ... more The Gwandara people of Sabo Wuse in Niger State, Nigeria are the original inhabitants of Wuse in Abuja Municipal Area Council. They were resettled at this present location of Sabo Wuse from Wuse in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja when the seat of government moved from Lagos to Abuja 30 years ago. Sabo Wuse still remains relatively a remote settlement and their lifestyle unchanged. They still depend to a large extent on their traditional knowledge of medicinal plants to treat ailments. Ethnobotanical survey was conducted to identify and document methods traditionally utilized for treatment of mental illness and to expand the quality and quantity of information for research and development especially in the area of new drug discovery and development. About sixty seven (67) Traditional Medicine Practitioners were interviewed orally with use of questionnaire. From our survey, various methods were found to be used by the traditional medicine practitioners to treat mental illness and associated disorders. These include music, incantations and medicinal plants in various formulations-decoction, powder, infusion-which are administered in various ways like fumigation, inhalation, bathing, steaming and drinking. Eighteen plant species belonging to twelve different families were documented to be included in these therapies. In conclusion, there is an array of plants used locally to treat mental illness and it is recommended that such surveys should be funded and leads for drugs to treat mental illness obtained from such, at the same time documenting our indigenous knowledge.
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Introduction: The knowledge, attitude, and practice of Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) ... more Introduction: The knowledge, attitude, and practice of Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) are key to achieving effective and sustainable integration of all forms of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (TCAM) and health services towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). In this study, the operational and psychological readiness of Traditional Medicine Practitioners towards integration with the conventional health system was examined by critically considering the various factors central to traditional medicine integration as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Traditional Medicine strategy (2014–2023). Methods: Paper based questionnaires were administered to Traditional medicine practitioners from three geo-political zones in Nigeria along with Key Informant Interviews. Qualitative – thematic and content analysis using both iterative and interpretative processes, and quantitative –descriptive and inferential analysis were done using statistical pac...
Journal of complementary medicine research, 2023
Datura metel leaves and seeds are widely used in ethno-therapeutic management of Rheumatic pain, ... more Datura metel leaves and seeds are widely used in ethno-therapeutic management of Rheumatic pain, asthma and insomnia. Its use has been associated with adverse alteration in behavior which has triggered interest in its safety on the central nervous system. This study was therefore designed to evaluate acute neuro-toxicological effects of aqueous –methanol extracts of Datura metel in mice. Oral Acute toxicity studies of the leaf extract was carried out in mice. The effects of the extract (25-100 mg/kg body weight orally) on total locomotive activity, motor coordination and spatial memory in Y-maze were evaluated in mice. The effect of Datura metel extract (25-100 mg/kg) in the presence of either atropine (0.3 mg/kg b.w.) or naloxone (0.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) on total locomotive activity in an open field apparatus was carried out with the view of predicting its mechanism of action. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 2000 mg/kg b.w. The extract produced significant decreas...
Pharmacognosy Research
Context: The wide acceptability of herbal medicines as finished herbal products is hindered by th... more Context: The wide acceptability of herbal medicines as finished herbal products is hindered by the lack of quality control profile and total trust in the purity, safety efficacy and identity of the herbal product. Aim: The study evaluated the pharmacognostic, physicochemical, chromatographic properties and microbial load of commercially packaged neem products in Nigeria towards ascertaining its identity, content and purity. Settings and Design: Finished neem products were randomly purchased from different market sources and tested for compliance to already established standards documented by WHO, NHP, WAHP and USP. Materials and Methods: The macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical and chromatographic properties of finished neem products were evaluated using standard procedures. Chemical-markers such as rutin and quercetin were quantified in the products using a validated HPLC method. Microbiological quality (bacterial and fungal counts) were assessed according to USP and WHO methods and guidelines. Descriptive statistics was used in the study. Results were represented in percentages and mean with respect to standard deviation where appropriate. Results: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations showed the absence of adulterants and foreign matter and the presence of characteristic features of Azadirachta indica. Physico-chemical tests depicted varying results indicating differing sources of collection and possible soil types. Conclusion: The macro, microscopic, physicochemical, chemical and microbiological properties of neem products towards checks for identification and purity have been established. The neem products contained primarily Azadirachta indica and is considered safe for consumption. The results obtained are beneficial towards enriching current monographs of the neem products for commercialization.
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research
Background: The use of herbal medicine is believed to be on the increase. There is a gradual shif... more Background: The use of herbal medicine is believed to be on the increase. There is a gradual shift from the use of crude drugs to well packaged, developed and registered herbal medicinal product. Evidence of this trend in Nigeria is seen in the increasing number of herbal medicine products on store shelves. Objectives: The aim of the survey was to examine and document herbal medicine products sold in retail stores, pharmacies, generally closed and open markets in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja and neighbouring localities. Methodology: A cross-sectional study using open ended semi-structured questionnaires and data collection tool was employed; descriptive and inferential statistics were done. Results and Discussion: Open markets primarily stocked crude drugs (95.7%). In the open markets, only 26.1% of stalls had herbal medicine products. Over 70% of herbal medicines consumed in the FCT were administered orally. Sixty-eight percent of herbal medicine products were made in Niger...
Journal of complementary and alternative medical research, Aug 17, 2023
Aim: This study explores and documents obstacles faced by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMP... more Aim: This study explores and documents obstacles faced by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) in Nigeria. Traditional Medicine (TM) plays a vital role in the healthcare systems of low-and middle-income countries, yet it encounters numerous challenges.
International Journal of Bioassays, Dec 1, 2015
Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Antidesma venosum E. Mey. ex. Tul. and comparat... more Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Antidesma venosum E. Mey. ex. Tul. and comparative phytochemical and pharmacognostic analysis of its leaf, stem bark and root
Research in Plant Biology, May 30, 2023
Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics, Dec 5, 2022
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic came along with a lot of challenges including the absence o... more The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic came along with a lot of challenges including the absence of precautionary measures towards the prevention of the disease observed in market places around FCT. Also, herbal medicine practitioners became first point of call by locals even in advent of the disease. The perception regarding COVID-19 among herbal medicine sellers in different parts of the F.C.T was studied. A cross-sectional study using semi-structured questionnaire; descriptive and inferential statistics was done. Association between variables using chi square test (x 2) and logistic regression analysis was done (p-value ≤0.05). Respondents (87%) were aware of COVID-19. 41% thought the pandemic was an inflated event strengthened by symptoms of seasonal diseases. Respondents (70%) had no herbal drugs to manage COVID-19, 30% had herbs to manage the disease while 41% stated an increase in sales of herbs used to manage symptoms. Precautions were taken by 72% while 44% and 26% practiced handwashing and social distancing respectively. The contribution of wrong belief towards COVID-19 risk precaution measures has been reported. A significant relationship (x 2 = 9.7) was observed between awareness of COVID-19 and the belief that it existed (p˂0.05). There is need to educate the people, especially the herb-sellers on COVID-19 and to also integrate them into public health related programs as they may be the only alternative to locals in advent of disease.
Journal of Biophysical Chemistry, 2022
Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem, family Meliaceae) is a reputable medicinal plant. Various parts... more Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem, family Meliaceae) is a reputable medicinal plant. Various parts of the plant are used as a remedy against different ailments, as a natural pesticide, as raw material in the cosmetic industry, and for marking other commodities. The seed oil is a major product of the plant and its quality depends on the seed quality and extraction methods employed. In this study, the chemical profile of NIPRDNEEM oil is compared with that of other brands of neem seed oils by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemometrics. The fatty acid identified in NIPRDNEEM oil were: oleic acid (34.09%), stearic acid (11.4%), linoleic acid (15.94%), palmitic acid (23.4%), arachidic acid (0.73%), and the other compounds were: 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether (0.95%) and farnesyl alcohol (13.20%). The branded oils were composed predominantly of oleic acid (13.50%-26.76%), palmitic acid (6.88%-11.99%), linoleic acid (7.32%-11.17%), stearic acid (4.29%-13.08%), and arachidic acid (0.53%-1.27%). The unbranded oil contained oleic acid (30.04%), stearic acid (14.91%), linoleic acid (14.62%), palmitic acid (12.34%), and arachidic acid (0.93%). Stigmasterol, stigmasterol acetate, and sitosterol were the sterols identified in the oils. Characterization of the fatty acid profile of neem seed oil is vital for industrial and economic purposes. The fatty acids profile of the NIPRDNEEM oil and other neem seed oil were comparable. Both PCA plots and HCA dendrogram from the chemometric analysis shows three main grouping of all samples. While NIPRDNEEM and the local neem oil were grouped, suggesting a high degree of resemblance of both samples.
Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria, Jul 19, 2018
Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. citriodora are two Eucalyptus species that are very rich in essen... more Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. citriodora are two Eucalyptus species that are very rich in essential oil and are often used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of different ailments. However, the leaves of E. camaldulensis and E. citriodora are very similar in structure and can be very difficult to distinguish when dry or in fragments. Hence, comparative phytochemical screening, elemental, pharmacognostic and GCMS analyses were carried out on the leaves and leaves extracts of two Eucalyptus species harvested from a garden in order to establish some distinguishing physicochemical and pharmacognostic characteristics. The leaf essential oils of the two species were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed on GC-MS. The results of phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponins, carbohydrates and sterols in both species. Elemental analysis indicated that the levels of the elements in the two samples differ. Chromium (Cr) was below detectable limit in the two samples while Pb, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mg were detected and quantified. Only Eucalyptus citriodora showed the presence of flavonoids. Tannins, alkaloids and anthraquinones were not detected in the two Eucalyptus species. The dry-leaf moisture contents were 9.5% and 9.7% for camaldulensis and citriodora, respectively. The GC-MS analyses of the hydro-distilled essential oils from both plants showed 57 and 39 components for camaldulensis and citriodora, respectively. 35 and 18 components were identified respectively from the two species. However, only seven (7) components were common to the two species, which include 4-terpineol (16.30% and 19.32%), Spathulenol (15.01% and 4.65%), Thymol (4.50% and 1.66%), α-terpineol (1.59% and 3.98%), caryophyllene (0.10% and 3.93%), viridiflorol (0.20% and 2.06%) and phytol (0.30% and 2.21%), respectively. Citronellol and its acetate and isopulegol and its acetate were absent in E. camaldulensis and were appreciably present in E. citriodora. α-Eudesmol was appreciably present in E. camaldulensis but absent in E. citriodora. Citronellol, isopulegol and α-eudesmol may be the distinctive marker compounds between the two species. The microscopic characters of the leaves revealed useful diagnostic parameters for the species. The information obtained from this study, is important not just for establishing morphological or phytoconstituents differences necessary for identification and authentication purposes, but also for monograph development, standardization and pharmaceutical reference as possible source of lead/ hit compounds in drug development or as raw material in drug excipients.
Asian Plant Research Journal, Apr 8, 2023
Comparative analyses of the leaf epidermal microscopy, chemo-microscopy and GCMS analysis of esse... more Comparative analyses of the leaf epidermal microscopy, chemo-microscopy and GCMS analysis of essential oils from three Ocimum species were analyzed. Ocimum belong to the family Lamiaceae. Leaf epidermal microscopy revealed anomocytic stomata in the species studied. Ocimum basilicum has anomocytic stomata on both surfaces but were more abundant on the lower surface; cell walls were wavy on the upper surface and had glandular trichomes on both surfaces. Ocimum canum had anomocytic stomata on both surfaces; cell walls were wavy and trichomes were glandular and non-glandular occurring on both surfaces but occurring more on the upper surface. The nonglandular trichomes are cone-shaped with pointed tip. Ocimum gratissimum has anomacytic Original Research Article
Phytopathology, Nov 25, 2018
Plant Science Today
IntroductionPavetta crassipes is a medicinal plant with various documented biological activities.... more IntroductionPavetta crassipes is a medicinal plant with various documented biological activities. It has a folkloric use as an anti-viral therapy and pharmacologically documented anti-microbial activity. However, its immune modulatory property has not been explored. The study is designed to evaluate the phytochemical profile as well as the anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory potential of the methanol extract of Pavetta crassipes leaf. Methodology In vitro antioxidants activity was determined by nitric oxide inhibitory assay. phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract was also determined. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated using cyclophosphamide induced immunomodulation model in mice. Phytochemical evaluation of leaf extract was done using HPLC analyses. Results were expressed as the mean ± SEM, IC50 value for the antioxidant activity was determined, One-way ANOVA was used for differences in mean followed by Dunnett’s test for multiple comparison for the immunomodulatory ac...
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Mar 31, 2009
Ipomeoa asarifolia has been used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments including ... more Ipomeoa asarifolia has been used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments including dysmenorrhea, without scientific verification of its effects. Phytochemical studies were carried out on samples of I. asarifolia to determine its pharmacognostic profile. Acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, formalin-induced pain and egg-albumin induced inflammatory tests in rats were employed to investigate anti-nociceptive and anti inflammatory properties of 70% methanolic extract of leaves. Alkaloids, saponin and phenols were present. The extract doses of 100-400 mg/kg i.p. significantly (P < 0.05) reduced inflammation and pain at the late phase of the process. The derived LD 50 was 1,732.1 mg/kg i.p. These results justify the ethnomedicinal uses of the plant for pain relief and anti inflammation.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2021
Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees with a wide range of medicinal uses. It is coll... more Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees with a wide range of medicinal uses. It is collected by bees from buds, leaves and bark exudates of several plants in both tropical and temperate regions. Propolis is sometimes referred to as "bee glue" as it is produced by bees for sealing and protection of their hives. Exploration and research into propolis and its biologically active constituents is increasing. Bee farming has become a popular commercial venture in several Nigerian communities and propolis which is a by-product of the bee hive is increasingly being produced and wasted as the economic benefits are completely unknown to the farmers or bee keepers. Propolis production has proven to be economically viable and sustainable. Phytochemical investigations of propolis had yielded several biologically active compounds which are potential drug candidates. This review examines local production and under-exploitation of propolis as a potential source of sustainable wealth creation in Nigeria.
Australian Journal of French Studies, 2020
Most of the apples consumed across Nigeria are imported from South Africa, Europe and United Stat... more Most of the apples consumed across Nigeria are imported from South Africa, Europe and United States of America. Despite the epicuticular hydrophobic wax naturally produced by the fruit which makes it resistant to external spoilage factors, extra coating is usually employed by producers for protection against biotic and abiotic attack during storage in order to extend shelf-life. Nowadays, Nigerians have raised concerns on the nature, level and safety of these wax coatings in apples available in Nigerian market. The results of organoleptic, physicochemical and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses suggested that the epicuticular waxes of apples in Abuja markets are mainly from petrochemical sources with adulterants from waxes of vegetable sources or beeswax. The mineral concentration of Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Zn and Pb in waxes per average sized apples (mg/g) ranged from 1.73 to 15.66, 10.80 to 1357, 26.46 to 173.12, 0.11 to 0.22, 2.05 to 41.80 and 3.78 to 11.66 mg/g, respec...
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2019
Aristolochic acids are naturally occurring biomolecules found in plants of the genus Aristolochia... more Aristolochic acids are naturally occurring biomolecules found in plants of the genus Aristolochia and Asarum belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. They are reported to be carcinogenic and nephrotoxic; and are implicated in kidney diseases, aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) which may result in kidney failure, other health complications and possibly death. Aristolochic acids are highly genotoxic and are linked to upper urothelial cancer in animals and humans. Some Aristolochia species are used in traditional medicine practice in Nigeria and other West African countries without regard to safety concerns. Several countries, especially in the Western world, have banned the use and importation of herbal products containing aristolochic acids. There is need for warning and strict regulation on the importation and consumption of aristolochic acids-containing botanical products in Nigeria. This study aims to review the availability of aristolochic acids, their toxicity, circulation, as well as the quantitative analytical techniques and regulations. It analyzes the herbal products containing aristolochic acids, and aristolochaceae plants grown in Nigeria in respect to public health implications. It highlights the importance of doing an extensive study on indigenous plants producing aristolochic acids and imported herbal products used as weight loss supplements marketed in Nigeria. There is need to emphasize the labeling of herbal products containing aristolochic acids.
European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2016
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, Sep 22, 2008
The Gwandara people of Sabo Wuse in Niger State, Nigeria are the original inhabitants of Wuse in ... more The Gwandara people of Sabo Wuse in Niger State, Nigeria are the original inhabitants of Wuse in Abuja Municipal Area Council. They were resettled at this present location of Sabo Wuse from Wuse in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja when the seat of government moved from Lagos to Abuja 30 years ago. Sabo Wuse still remains relatively a remote settlement and their lifestyle unchanged. They still depend to a large extent on their traditional knowledge of medicinal plants to treat ailments. Ethnobotanical survey was conducted to identify and document methods traditionally utilized for treatment of mental illness and to expand the quality and quantity of information for research and development especially in the area of new drug discovery and development. About sixty seven (67) Traditional Medicine Practitioners were interviewed orally with use of questionnaire. From our survey, various methods were found to be used by the traditional medicine practitioners to treat mental illness and associated disorders. These include music, incantations and medicinal plants in various formulations-decoction, powder, infusion-which are administered in various ways like fumigation, inhalation, bathing, steaming and drinking. Eighteen plant species belonging to twelve different families were documented to be included in these therapies. In conclusion, there is an array of plants used locally to treat mental illness and it is recommended that such surveys should be funded and leads for drugs to treat mental illness obtained from such, at the same time documenting our indigenous knowledge.
Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Introduction: The knowledge, attitude, and practice of Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) ... more Introduction: The knowledge, attitude, and practice of Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) are key to achieving effective and sustainable integration of all forms of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (TCAM) and health services towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). In this study, the operational and psychological readiness of Traditional Medicine Practitioners towards integration with the conventional health system was examined by critically considering the various factors central to traditional medicine integration as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Traditional Medicine strategy (2014–2023). Methods: Paper based questionnaires were administered to Traditional medicine practitioners from three geo-political zones in Nigeria along with Key Informant Interviews. Qualitative – thematic and content analysis using both iterative and interpretative processes, and quantitative –descriptive and inferential analysis were done using statistical pac...
Journal of complementary medicine research, 2023
Datura metel leaves and seeds are widely used in ethno-therapeutic management of Rheumatic pain, ... more Datura metel leaves and seeds are widely used in ethno-therapeutic management of Rheumatic pain, asthma and insomnia. Its use has been associated with adverse alteration in behavior which has triggered interest in its safety on the central nervous system. This study was therefore designed to evaluate acute neuro-toxicological effects of aqueous –methanol extracts of Datura metel in mice. Oral Acute toxicity studies of the leaf extract was carried out in mice. The effects of the extract (25-100 mg/kg body weight orally) on total locomotive activity, motor coordination and spatial memory in Y-maze were evaluated in mice. The effect of Datura metel extract (25-100 mg/kg) in the presence of either atropine (0.3 mg/kg b.w.) or naloxone (0.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) on total locomotive activity in an open field apparatus was carried out with the view of predicting its mechanism of action. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 2000 mg/kg b.w. The extract produced significant decreas...
Pharmacognosy Research
Context: The wide acceptability of herbal medicines as finished herbal products is hindered by th... more Context: The wide acceptability of herbal medicines as finished herbal products is hindered by the lack of quality control profile and total trust in the purity, safety efficacy and identity of the herbal product. Aim: The study evaluated the pharmacognostic, physicochemical, chromatographic properties and microbial load of commercially packaged neem products in Nigeria towards ascertaining its identity, content and purity. Settings and Design: Finished neem products were randomly purchased from different market sources and tested for compliance to already established standards documented by WHO, NHP, WAHP and USP. Materials and Methods: The macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical and chromatographic properties of finished neem products were evaluated using standard procedures. Chemical-markers such as rutin and quercetin were quantified in the products using a validated HPLC method. Microbiological quality (bacterial and fungal counts) were assessed according to USP and WHO methods and guidelines. Descriptive statistics was used in the study. Results were represented in percentages and mean with respect to standard deviation where appropriate. Results: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations showed the absence of adulterants and foreign matter and the presence of characteristic features of Azadirachta indica. Physico-chemical tests depicted varying results indicating differing sources of collection and possible soil types. Conclusion: The macro, microscopic, physicochemical, chemical and microbiological properties of neem products towards checks for identification and purity have been established. The neem products contained primarily Azadirachta indica and is considered safe for consumption. The results obtained are beneficial towards enriching current monographs of the neem products for commercialization.
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research
Background: The use of herbal medicine is believed to be on the increase. There is a gradual shif... more Background: The use of herbal medicine is believed to be on the increase. There is a gradual shift from the use of crude drugs to well packaged, developed and registered herbal medicinal product. Evidence of this trend in Nigeria is seen in the increasing number of herbal medicine products on store shelves. Objectives: The aim of the survey was to examine and document herbal medicine products sold in retail stores, pharmacies, generally closed and open markets in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja and neighbouring localities. Methodology: A cross-sectional study using open ended semi-structured questionnaires and data collection tool was employed; descriptive and inferential statistics were done. Results and Discussion: Open markets primarily stocked crude drugs (95.7%). In the open markets, only 26.1% of stalls had herbal medicine products. Over 70% of herbal medicines consumed in the FCT were administered orally. Sixty-eight percent of herbal medicine products were made in Niger...