Sayed Hashmat Sadat | Nagoya Institute of Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Sayed Hashmat Sadat

E3S web of conferences, 2024

Central Asian Journal of Water Research

In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires u... more In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires updating to ensure its sustainability. Different irrigation methods – such as surface water based irrigation (via canals), groundwater based irrigation, and the Karez irrigation system – are applied across the country. Considering the compatibility of the Karez system with the environment, it can be deemed the most effective irrigation scheme, as it allows collecting a significant amount of groundwater and conveying it to land surface via sub-horizontal tunnels using gravity. This article analyzes Afghanistan’s Karez irrigation systems currently feeding water to over 170,000 ha of farmland with a potential to expand and become a component of sustainable water supply chain.

Advances in Civil Engineering

Pressure fluctuations are a critical phenomenon that can endanger the safety and stability of hyd... more Pressure fluctuations are a critical phenomenon that can endanger the safety and stability of hydraulic structures, especially stilling basins. Hence, the accurate estimation of the dimensionless coefficient of pressure fluctuations ( C P ′ ) is critical for hydraulic engineers. This study proposed predictive soft computing models to estimate C P ′ on sloping channels. Therefore, three robust soft computing methods, including extreme learning machine (ELM), group method data of handling (GMDH), and M5 model tree (M5MT), were used to estimate C P ′ . The results revealed that ELM was more accurate than GMDH and M5MT methods when comparing statistical indices, including correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), scatter index (SI), index agreement ( I a ), and BIAS values. The performance of ELM was found to be more accurate (CC = 0.9183, RMSE = 0.0067, MAE = 0.0051, SI = 11.88%, Ia = 0.9569) when compared with the results of GMDH (CC = 0.8...

River Sedimentation, 2016

Central Asian Journal of Water Research, 2020

In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires u... more In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires updating to ensure its sustainability. Different irrigation methods – such as surface water based irrigation (via canals), groundwater based irrigation, and the Karez irrigation system – are applied across the country. Considering the compatibility of the Karez system with the environment, it can be deemed the most effective irrigation scheme, as it allows collecting a significant amount of groundwater and conveying it to land surface via sub-horizontal tunnels using gravity. This article analyzes Afghanistan’s Karez irrigation systems currently feeding water to over 170,000 ha of farmland with a potential to expand and become a component of sustainable water supply chain.

Kabul river is the main river in Kabul city and eastern Afghanistan, which passes through 200 kil... more Kabul river is the main river in Kabul city and eastern Afghanistan, which passes through 200 kilometers of the heart of Kabul. For the river to serve its ecological purposes, like water supply and environmental quality control, water flow should be optimized both in terms of quantity and quality. However, the water in its inundation season, spring, is very high in pollution and the river bed is waterless and full of solid wastes throughout the rest of the year. The goal of this research was to present a quantitative assessment of carbon as a water quality parameter in the Kabul river in the geography of Afghanistan, to detect probable sources of this pollutant and to suggest feasible pollution management approaches. The study was based on the Material Flow Analysis (MFA) model, developed by the Egyptian-Swiss Research on Innovation in Sustainable Sanitation (ESRISS) Project. The effect of hydropower dams, in the concentration of carbon in the river, as a water quality parameter, wa...

Afghanistan is a landlocked mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest, which is ... more Afghanistan is a landlocked mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest, which is described as being located within South and Central Asia. Water is the lifeblood of the people of Afghanistan, not just for living but also for the economy, which has traditionally been dominated by agriculture. Over 80% of the country’s water resources originate within the Hindu Kush mountain ranges at altitudes over 2000 m. The mountains perform as natural water storage, with snow throughout the winter and snowmelt within the summer that supports perennial flow of all the major rivers. In Afghanistan, groundwater has traditionally been developed and utilized for irrigation purposes through the use of Karezes, springs, and shallow hand-dug open wells. There is a concern that the problems may arise and will pose a major challenge for the whole country, especially in the Kabul and eastern Helmand River Basins. As mentioned earlier, groundwater is an underutilized resource in certain parts...

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering), 2015

In this paper, we investigated flow structure and bed deformation around a single spur dike downs... more In this paper, we investigated flow structure and bed deformation around a single spur dike downstream of a pile-group in an open channel. The purpose was to find out an optimum distance between pile-group and spur dike for reducing the local scour. For comparison, a single impermeable spur dike (conventional type) without the pile-group was also evaluated. A series of experiments under emerged flow and clear-water scour conditions were conducted. In the cases with an upstream pile-group, the local scour was faded with a noticeable decrease in the depth and amount of bed erosion. The scour depth and volume were decreased as the distance increased from zero to four times the spur dike length. Flow velocity near the nose of spur dike was higher in the conventional type spur dike. In the cases with a pile-group, flow near the spur dike became lower relative to the conventional case. But, in the main stream the flow increased as the pile-group and spur dike distance increased.

Repa Proceeding Series

Kabul river is the main river in Kabul city and eastern Afghanistan which passes through 200 kilo... more Kabul river is the main river in Kabul city and eastern Afghanistan which passes through 200 kilometers of the heart of Kabul. For the river to serve its ecological purposes, like water supply and environmental quality control, water flow should be optimized both in terms of quantity and quality. However, the water in its inundation season, spring, is very high in pollution and the river bed is waterless and full of solid wastes throughout the rest of the year. The goal of this research was to present a quantitative assessment of carbon as a water quality parameter in Kabul river in the geography of Afghanistan, to detect probable sources of this pollutant and to suggest feasible pollution management approaches. The study was based on the Material Flow Analysis (MFA) model, developed by the Egyptian-Swiss Research on Innovation in Sustainable Sanitation (ESRISS) Project. The effect of hydropower dams, in the concentration of carbon in the river, as a water quality parameter, was evaluated. A segment of the river between the Naghlo hydropower dam and the Darunta dam was chosen for carbon content analysis. As a result of this analysis, we can provide data for carbon quantity in the specified segment of the river. Moreover, we will be able to apply this methodology for providing water quality analysis for almost any segment of the river and suggest relevant feasible solutions for water pollution problems.

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering), 2014

The present study is about flow structure and bed deformation around a group of double spur dike ... more The present study is about flow structure and bed deformation around a group of double spur dike with the main purpose of how to reduce the local scour in the neighborhood of a conventional-type spur dike. Four types of submerged pile group, with different densities were installed in the same area at the upstream adjacent of the first spur-dike. The corresponding effects of each new model on flow and bed deformation mechanism were compared with those of the conventional spur-dike group. Flow velocity was reduced at the neighborhood of the first spur dike in the cases with a pile group. Local scour was also reduced both in depth and volume. With a decrease of the pile density flow patterns became more similar to the conventional case, local scour depth and bed erosion in the spur-dike field were increased. The promotion of sediment deposition in the spur-dike field was observed in the cases with medium and lower pile density, respectively.

Journal of Environmental Science Revolution

Loss of land, disputes on sharing costs, and benefits of transboundary waterways are points of de... more Loss of land, disputes on sharing costs, and benefits of transboundary waterways are points of debate between neighboring countries. Unfortunately, weak, undeveloped countries always suffer more than their stronger neighbors. Due to economic, political, and institutional problems, Afghanistan is one country that faces challenges to develop the potential of its water resources. Each year, Amu River flooding causes great losses of land due to massive bank degradations and erosions for up to several kilometers. Currently little progress has been made to study, research, or manage the bank erosions of the Amu River. In the absence of field data, the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) may be used to analyze stream bank stability and toe erosion. This study was conducted to describe the Amu River stream bank using the BSTEM model for a restoration process. A field survey was conducted from February 3, 2019, to February 23, 2019; soil type, layer thickness, water table depth, and stream bank profile are entered into the BSTEM model with two different flow depths according to insights from villagers and well-diggers. Mass failure and toe erosion are two dominant mechanisms of Amu River bank failure, and the effectiveness of vegetation on bank protection is observed. Keywords  Stream bank erosion  Stream bank stability  BSTEM  Bank toe erosion  Amu River

research paper , 2020

In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires u... more In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires updating to ensure its sustainability. Different irrigation methods-such as surface water based irrigation (via canals), groundwater based irrigation, and the Karez irrigation system-are applied across the country. Considering the compatibility of the Karez system with the environment, it can be deemed the most effective irrigation scheme, as it allows collecting a significant amount of groundwater and conveying it to land surface via sub-horizontal tunnels using gravity. This article analyzes Afghanistan's Karez irrigation systems currently feeding water to over 170,000 ha of farmland with a potential to expand and become a component of sustainable water supply chain.

E3S web of conferences, 2024

Central Asian Journal of Water Research

In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires u... more In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires updating to ensure its sustainability. Different irrigation methods – such as surface water based irrigation (via canals), groundwater based irrigation, and the Karez irrigation system – are applied across the country. Considering the compatibility of the Karez system with the environment, it can be deemed the most effective irrigation scheme, as it allows collecting a significant amount of groundwater and conveying it to land surface via sub-horizontal tunnels using gravity. This article analyzes Afghanistan’s Karez irrigation systems currently feeding water to over 170,000 ha of farmland with a potential to expand and become a component of sustainable water supply chain.

Advances in Civil Engineering

Pressure fluctuations are a critical phenomenon that can endanger the safety and stability of hyd... more Pressure fluctuations are a critical phenomenon that can endanger the safety and stability of hydraulic structures, especially stilling basins. Hence, the accurate estimation of the dimensionless coefficient of pressure fluctuations ( C P ′ ) is critical for hydraulic engineers. This study proposed predictive soft computing models to estimate C P ′ on sloping channels. Therefore, three robust soft computing methods, including extreme learning machine (ELM), group method data of handling (GMDH), and M5 model tree (M5MT), were used to estimate C P ′ . The results revealed that ELM was more accurate than GMDH and M5MT methods when comparing statistical indices, including correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), scatter index (SI), index agreement ( I a ), and BIAS values. The performance of ELM was found to be more accurate (CC = 0.9183, RMSE = 0.0067, MAE = 0.0051, SI = 11.88%, Ia = 0.9569) when compared with the results of GMDH (CC = 0.8...

River Sedimentation, 2016

Central Asian Journal of Water Research, 2020

In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires u... more In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires updating to ensure its sustainability. Different irrigation methods – such as surface water based irrigation (via canals), groundwater based irrigation, and the Karez irrigation system – are applied across the country. Considering the compatibility of the Karez system with the environment, it can be deemed the most effective irrigation scheme, as it allows collecting a significant amount of groundwater and conveying it to land surface via sub-horizontal tunnels using gravity. This article analyzes Afghanistan’s Karez irrigation systems currently feeding water to over 170,000 ha of farmland with a potential to expand and become a component of sustainable water supply chain.

Kabul river is the main river in Kabul city and eastern Afghanistan, which passes through 200 kil... more Kabul river is the main river in Kabul city and eastern Afghanistan, which passes through 200 kilometers of the heart of Kabul. For the river to serve its ecological purposes, like water supply and environmental quality control, water flow should be optimized both in terms of quantity and quality. However, the water in its inundation season, spring, is very high in pollution and the river bed is waterless and full of solid wastes throughout the rest of the year. The goal of this research was to present a quantitative assessment of carbon as a water quality parameter in the Kabul river in the geography of Afghanistan, to detect probable sources of this pollutant and to suggest feasible pollution management approaches. The study was based on the Material Flow Analysis (MFA) model, developed by the Egyptian-Swiss Research on Innovation in Sustainable Sanitation (ESRISS) Project. The effect of hydropower dams, in the concentration of carbon in the river, as a water quality parameter, wa...

Afghanistan is a landlocked mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest, which is ... more Afghanistan is a landlocked mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest, which is described as being located within South and Central Asia. Water is the lifeblood of the people of Afghanistan, not just for living but also for the economy, which has traditionally been dominated by agriculture. Over 80% of the country’s water resources originate within the Hindu Kush mountain ranges at altitudes over 2000 m. The mountains perform as natural water storage, with snow throughout the winter and snowmelt within the summer that supports perennial flow of all the major rivers. In Afghanistan, groundwater has traditionally been developed and utilized for irrigation purposes through the use of Karezes, springs, and shallow hand-dug open wells. There is a concern that the problems may arise and will pose a major challenge for the whole country, especially in the Kabul and eastern Helmand River Basins. As mentioned earlier, groundwater is an underutilized resource in certain parts...

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering), 2015

In this paper, we investigated flow structure and bed deformation around a single spur dike downs... more In this paper, we investigated flow structure and bed deformation around a single spur dike downstream of a pile-group in an open channel. The purpose was to find out an optimum distance between pile-group and spur dike for reducing the local scour. For comparison, a single impermeable spur dike (conventional type) without the pile-group was also evaluated. A series of experiments under emerged flow and clear-water scour conditions were conducted. In the cases with an upstream pile-group, the local scour was faded with a noticeable decrease in the depth and amount of bed erosion. The scour depth and volume were decreased as the distance increased from zero to four times the spur dike length. Flow velocity near the nose of spur dike was higher in the conventional type spur dike. In the cases with a pile-group, flow near the spur dike became lower relative to the conventional case. But, in the main stream the flow increased as the pile-group and spur dike distance increased.

Repa Proceeding Series

Kabul river is the main river in Kabul city and eastern Afghanistan which passes through 200 kilo... more Kabul river is the main river in Kabul city and eastern Afghanistan which passes through 200 kilometers of the heart of Kabul. For the river to serve its ecological purposes, like water supply and environmental quality control, water flow should be optimized both in terms of quantity and quality. However, the water in its inundation season, spring, is very high in pollution and the river bed is waterless and full of solid wastes throughout the rest of the year. The goal of this research was to present a quantitative assessment of carbon as a water quality parameter in Kabul river in the geography of Afghanistan, to detect probable sources of this pollutant and to suggest feasible pollution management approaches. The study was based on the Material Flow Analysis (MFA) model, developed by the Egyptian-Swiss Research on Innovation in Sustainable Sanitation (ESRISS) Project. The effect of hydropower dams, in the concentration of carbon in the river, as a water quality parameter, was evaluated. A segment of the river between the Naghlo hydropower dam and the Darunta dam was chosen for carbon content analysis. As a result of this analysis, we can provide data for carbon quantity in the specified segment of the river. Moreover, we will be able to apply this methodology for providing water quality analysis for almost any segment of the river and suggest relevant feasible solutions for water pollution problems.

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering), 2014

The present study is about flow structure and bed deformation around a group of double spur dike ... more The present study is about flow structure and bed deformation around a group of double spur dike with the main purpose of how to reduce the local scour in the neighborhood of a conventional-type spur dike. Four types of submerged pile group, with different densities were installed in the same area at the upstream adjacent of the first spur-dike. The corresponding effects of each new model on flow and bed deformation mechanism were compared with those of the conventional spur-dike group. Flow velocity was reduced at the neighborhood of the first spur dike in the cases with a pile group. Local scour was also reduced both in depth and volume. With a decrease of the pile density flow patterns became more similar to the conventional case, local scour depth and bed erosion in the spur-dike field were increased. The promotion of sediment deposition in the spur-dike field was observed in the cases with medium and lower pile density, respectively.

Journal of Environmental Science Revolution

Loss of land, disputes on sharing costs, and benefits of transboundary waterways are points of de... more Loss of land, disputes on sharing costs, and benefits of transboundary waterways are points of debate between neighboring countries. Unfortunately, weak, undeveloped countries always suffer more than their stronger neighbors. Due to economic, political, and institutional problems, Afghanistan is one country that faces challenges to develop the potential of its water resources. Each year, Amu River flooding causes great losses of land due to massive bank degradations and erosions for up to several kilometers. Currently little progress has been made to study, research, or manage the bank erosions of the Amu River. In the absence of field data, the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) may be used to analyze stream bank stability and toe erosion. This study was conducted to describe the Amu River stream bank using the BSTEM model for a restoration process. A field survey was conducted from February 3, 2019, to February 23, 2019; soil type, layer thickness, water table depth, and stream bank profile are entered into the BSTEM model with two different flow depths according to insights from villagers and well-diggers. Mass failure and toe erosion are two dominant mechanisms of Amu River bank failure, and the effectiveness of vegetation on bank protection is observed. Keywords  Stream bank erosion  Stream bank stability  BSTEM  Bank toe erosion  Amu River

research paper , 2020

In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires u... more In Afghanistan, water is mostly used for agricultural purposes. The water supply chain requires updating to ensure its sustainability. Different irrigation methods-such as surface water based irrigation (via canals), groundwater based irrigation, and the Karez irrigation system-are applied across the country. Considering the compatibility of the Karez system with the environment, it can be deemed the most effective irrigation scheme, as it allows collecting a significant amount of groundwater and conveying it to land surface via sub-horizontal tunnels using gravity. This article analyzes Afghanistan's Karez irrigation systems currently feeding water to over 170,000 ha of farmland with a potential to expand and become a component of sustainable water supply chain.