Pawan Kumar Sondhi | Dr BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar India (original) (raw)
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Papers by Pawan Kumar Sondhi
Fibers and Polymers, 2016
The performance of a textile material depends on the arrangement of its constituent fibres. For g... more The performance of a textile material depends on the arrangement of its constituent fibres. For good mechanical behaviour strong inter fibre cohesion is necessary. In order to impart comfort characteristics, a permeable structure is desired. Staple fibre, by virtue of its limited length and other constraints, cannot produce fully compacted structure. For an optimum performance, a balance between the permeable and cohesive characteristics is necessary. An estimation of the openness of the structure may help in designing product for specific requirement. The degree of openness, however, may be varied through necessary modifications during and post manufacturing stage. In the present study empirical relations have been developed to calculate the equivalent pore diameter and porosity for three different modes of packing in yarns. Theoretical calculation was done for all three possible modes of packing while the experimental evaluations were made using the cross sectional images. The change in pore size and porosity were also estimated for a polyester/PVA blended yarn on removal of PVA component. A comparison of experimentally measured porosity was made with the results obtained theoretically. Hexagonal close packing resulted lowest porosity and experimentally measured values were in close association with the theoretically measured porosity.
Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, Apr 15, 2013
A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in h... more A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in higher cohesion between the fibers. Still a yarn generally fails at thin place. To study the behavior of thin places during tensile testing, ring spun yarn with three different composition and two counts were produced at three different twist levels. The effect of mass variation on twist and tensile behavior was studied. Yarn thin places in which the mass was 30%, 40%, and 50% less than the mean mass of the yarn were taken for the study. There has been a significant change in the overall and local twist with variation of mass. The composition of the yarns and change in their diameter were found to influence the tensile behavior of the yarns.
Fashion and Textiles, 2015
To support the thermo regularity system of human body in completely changed environment and physi... more To support the thermo regularity system of human body in completely changed environment and physical activity the functional clothing must create a stable microclimate next to the skin. The present study deals with the moisture transport and moisture management behaviour of polyester wool yarn and knitted fabric treated with two types of enzyme viz; alkaline protease enzyme and acidic protease enzyme. The prime object of this study was to enhance the moisture transport and moisture management properties of yarn and fabric for use in active wear. The results reveal superior wicking behaviour by alkaline protease enzyme treatment, while superior moisture vapour permeability with acidic protease enzyme treatment. Moisture management properties of alkaline protease enzyme treated fabric gives better result, ranging its grade from very good to excellent with higher absorption rate, one way transport capacity and spreading speed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test statistica...
Fibers and Polymers, 2016
Fibres being the structural unit of a yarn, its nature, composition and arrangement can influence... more Fibres being the structural unit of a yarn, its nature, composition and arrangement can influence structure and properties. The performance of yarn changes with arrangement of its constituent fibres. Arrangement of fibres in a yarn being system specific, different spinning system results different arrangement of fibres causing variation in product performance. A change in the arrangement of fibres in an already formed yarn can be brought about by suitable physical and/or chemical treatment. A treatment to remove a component is expected to cause changes in final arrangement of fibres in a yarn. In the present study, polyester/PVA blended yarn was modified through dissolution of the later component. The resultant change in structural arrangement on dissolution was assessed by the change in radial packing distribution of fibres. Migration index, helped in identifying the location that was influenced more in the redistribution. In the parent yarn, PVA had a preferential tendency to predominate near the core. On dissolution of PVA, creation of open space was expected and collapsing of the structure led to a possible rearrangement of fibres and reduction in diameter of yarn. Fibre denier, blend ratio and twist factor were also found to influence packing density both in parent and modified yarn. Unlike published reports, interestingly, an increase in fibre packing density was observed on dissolution of PVA. Average packing density in parent yarn was found to lie at a yarn radius between 0.07 mm to 0.09 mm while for the modified yarn it was between 0.05 mm to 0.07 mm.
A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in h... more A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in higher cohesion between the fibers. Still a yarn generally fails at thin place. To study the behavior of thin places during tensile testing, ring spun yarn with three different composition and two counts were produced at three different twist levels. The effect of mass variation on twist and tensile behavior was studied. Yarn thin places in which the mass was 30%, 40%, and 50% less than the mean mass of the yarn were taken for the study. There has been a significant change in the overall and local twist with variation of mass. The composition of the yarns and change in their diameter were found to influence the tensile behavior of the yarns.
Fibres being the structural unit of a yarn, its nature, composition and arrangement can influence... more Fibres being the structural unit of a yarn, its nature, composition and arrangement can influence structure and properties. The performance of yarn changes with arrangement of its constituent fibres. Arrangement of fibres in a yarn being system specific, different spinning system results different arrangement of fibres causing variation in product performance. A change in the arrangement of fibres in an already formed yarn can be brought about by suitable physical and/or chemical treatment. A treatment to remove a component is expected to cause changes in final arrangement of fibres in a yarn. In the present study, polyester/PVA blended yarn was modified through dissolution of the later component. The resultant change in structural arrangement on dissolution was assessed by the change in radial packing distribution of fibres. Migration index, helped in identifying the location that was influenced more in the redistribution. In the parent yarn, PVA had a preferential tendency to predominate near the core. On dissolution of PVA, creation of open space was expected and collapsing of the structure led to a possible rearrangement of fibres and reduction in diameter of yarn. Fibre denier, blend ratio and twist factor were also found to influence packing density both in parent and modified yarn. Unlike published reports, interestingly, an increase in fibre packing density was observed on dissolution of PVA. Average packing density in parent yarn was found to lie at a yarn radius between 0.07 mm to 0.09 mm while for the modified yarn it was between 0.05 mm to 0.07 mm.
The performance of a textile material depends on the arrangement of its constituent fibres. For g... more The performance of a textile material depends on the arrangement of its constituent fibres. For good mechanical behaviour strong inter fibre cohesion is necessary. In order to impart comfort characteristics, a permeable structure is desired. Staple fibre, by virtue of its limited length and other constraints, cannot produce fully compacted structure. For an optimum performance, a balance between the permeable and cohesive characteristics is necessary. An estimation of the openness of the structure may help in designing product for specific requirement. The degree of openness, however, may be varied through necessary modifications during and post manufacturing stage. In the present study empirical relations have been developed to calculate the equivalent pore diameter and porosity for three different modes of packing in yarns. Theoretical calculation was done for all three possible modes of packing while the experimental evaluations were made using the cross sectional images. The change in pore size and porosity were also estimated for a polyester/PVA blended yarn on removal of PVA component. A comparison of experimentally measured porosity was made with the results obtained theoretically. Hexagonal close packing resulted lowest porosity and experimentally measured values were in close association with the theoretically measured porosity.
To support the thermo regularity system of human body in completely changed environment and physi... more To support the thermo regularity system of human body in completely changed environment and physical activity the functional clothing must create a stable microclimate next to the skin. The present study deals with the moisture transport and moisture management behaviour of polyester wool yarn and knitted fabric treated with two types of enzyme viz; alkaline protease enzyme and acidic protease enzyme. The prime object of this study was to enhance the moisture transport and moisture management properties of yarn and fabric for use in active wear. The results reveal superior wicking behaviour by alkaline protease enzyme treatment, while superior moisture vapour permeability with acidic protease enzyme treatment. Moisture management properties of alkaline protease enzyme treated fabric gives better result, ranging its grade from very good to excellent with higher absorption rate, one way transport capacity and spreading speed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test statistical significance level of all effects.
A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in h... more A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in higher cohesion between the fibers. Still a yarn generally fails at thin place. To study the behavior of thin places during tensile testing, ring spun yarn with three different composition and two counts were produced at three different twist levels. The effect of mass variation on twist and tensile behavior was studied. Yarn thin places in which the mass was 30%, 40%, and 50% less than the mean mass of the yarn were taken for the study. There has been a significant change in the overall and local twist with variation of mass. The composition of the yarns and change in their diameter were found to influence the tensile behavior of the yarns.
Structural modification of a yarn opens up new fields of application. In the present study, the s... more Structural modification of a yarn opens up new fields of application. In the present study, the structure of polyester /polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blended ring spun yarns was modified by dissolution of PVA, while the yarns were prepared using of varying percentages of PVA fibre. Elastic recovery and elastic performance coefficient (EPC) were measured before and after dissolution of PVA for comparative assessment. Fibre denier and twist multiplier were also selectively altered to study the effect. Experiments were carried out to study elastic recovery at 2%, and 4% extension, while EPC was calculated using 30% and 50% of breaking load of respective yarns. The t-test result confirmed some significant difference in EPC and recovery behaviour of the yarns on modification through removal of PVA. Fibre fineness and applied twist were found to influence the behaviour. Modified yarns were found to exhibit improved elastic recovery properties.
The textile industry can experience a vast array of problems. Modelling represents a group of tec... more The textile industry can experience a vast array of problems. Modelling represents a group of techniques that have been widely used to explore the nature of these problems, it can highlight the mechanisms involved and lead to predictions of the textile behaviour. This ...
Fibers and Polymers, 2016
The performance of a textile material depends on the arrangement of its constituent fibres. For g... more The performance of a textile material depends on the arrangement of its constituent fibres. For good mechanical behaviour strong inter fibre cohesion is necessary. In order to impart comfort characteristics, a permeable structure is desired. Staple fibre, by virtue of its limited length and other constraints, cannot produce fully compacted structure. For an optimum performance, a balance between the permeable and cohesive characteristics is necessary. An estimation of the openness of the structure may help in designing product for specific requirement. The degree of openness, however, may be varied through necessary modifications during and post manufacturing stage. In the present study empirical relations have been developed to calculate the equivalent pore diameter and porosity for three different modes of packing in yarns. Theoretical calculation was done for all three possible modes of packing while the experimental evaluations were made using the cross sectional images. The change in pore size and porosity were also estimated for a polyester/PVA blended yarn on removal of PVA component. A comparison of experimentally measured porosity was made with the results obtained theoretically. Hexagonal close packing resulted lowest porosity and experimentally measured values were in close association with the theoretically measured porosity.
Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, Apr 15, 2013
A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in h... more A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in higher cohesion between the fibers. Still a yarn generally fails at thin place. To study the behavior of thin places during tensile testing, ring spun yarn with three different composition and two counts were produced at three different twist levels. The effect of mass variation on twist and tensile behavior was studied. Yarn thin places in which the mass was 30%, 40%, and 50% less than the mean mass of the yarn were taken for the study. There has been a significant change in the overall and local twist with variation of mass. The composition of the yarns and change in their diameter were found to influence the tensile behavior of the yarns.
Fashion and Textiles, 2015
To support the thermo regularity system of human body in completely changed environment and physi... more To support the thermo regularity system of human body in completely changed environment and physical activity the functional clothing must create a stable microclimate next to the skin. The present study deals with the moisture transport and moisture management behaviour of polyester wool yarn and knitted fabric treated with two types of enzyme viz; alkaline protease enzyme and acidic protease enzyme. The prime object of this study was to enhance the moisture transport and moisture management properties of yarn and fabric for use in active wear. The results reveal superior wicking behaviour by alkaline protease enzyme treatment, while superior moisture vapour permeability with acidic protease enzyme treatment. Moisture management properties of alkaline protease enzyme treated fabric gives better result, ranging its grade from very good to excellent with higher absorption rate, one way transport capacity and spreading speed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test statistica...
Fibers and Polymers, 2016
Fibres being the structural unit of a yarn, its nature, composition and arrangement can influence... more Fibres being the structural unit of a yarn, its nature, composition and arrangement can influence structure and properties. The performance of yarn changes with arrangement of its constituent fibres. Arrangement of fibres in a yarn being system specific, different spinning system results different arrangement of fibres causing variation in product performance. A change in the arrangement of fibres in an already formed yarn can be brought about by suitable physical and/or chemical treatment. A treatment to remove a component is expected to cause changes in final arrangement of fibres in a yarn. In the present study, polyester/PVA blended yarn was modified through dissolution of the later component. The resultant change in structural arrangement on dissolution was assessed by the change in radial packing distribution of fibres. Migration index, helped in identifying the location that was influenced more in the redistribution. In the parent yarn, PVA had a preferential tendency to predominate near the core. On dissolution of PVA, creation of open space was expected and collapsing of the structure led to a possible rearrangement of fibres and reduction in diameter of yarn. Fibre denier, blend ratio and twist factor were also found to influence packing density both in parent and modified yarn. Unlike published reports, interestingly, an increase in fibre packing density was observed on dissolution of PVA. Average packing density in parent yarn was found to lie at a yarn radius between 0.07 mm to 0.09 mm while for the modified yarn it was between 0.05 mm to 0.07 mm.
A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in h... more A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in higher cohesion between the fibers. Still a yarn generally fails at thin place. To study the behavior of thin places during tensile testing, ring spun yarn with three different composition and two counts were produced at three different twist levels. The effect of mass variation on twist and tensile behavior was studied. Yarn thin places in which the mass was 30%, 40%, and 50% less than the mean mass of the yarn were taken for the study. There has been a significant change in the overall and local twist with variation of mass. The composition of the yarns and change in their diameter were found to influence the tensile behavior of the yarns.
Fibres being the structural unit of a yarn, its nature, composition and arrangement can influence... more Fibres being the structural unit of a yarn, its nature, composition and arrangement can influence structure and properties. The performance of yarn changes with arrangement of its constituent fibres. Arrangement of fibres in a yarn being system specific, different spinning system results different arrangement of fibres causing variation in product performance. A change in the arrangement of fibres in an already formed yarn can be brought about by suitable physical and/or chemical treatment. A treatment to remove a component is expected to cause changes in final arrangement of fibres in a yarn. In the present study, polyester/PVA blended yarn was modified through dissolution of the later component. The resultant change in structural arrangement on dissolution was assessed by the change in radial packing distribution of fibres. Migration index, helped in identifying the location that was influenced more in the redistribution. In the parent yarn, PVA had a preferential tendency to predominate near the core. On dissolution of PVA, creation of open space was expected and collapsing of the structure led to a possible rearrangement of fibres and reduction in diameter of yarn. Fibre denier, blend ratio and twist factor were also found to influence packing density both in parent and modified yarn. Unlike published reports, interestingly, an increase in fibre packing density was observed on dissolution of PVA. Average packing density in parent yarn was found to lie at a yarn radius between 0.07 mm to 0.09 mm while for the modified yarn it was between 0.05 mm to 0.07 mm.
The performance of a textile material depends on the arrangement of its constituent fibres. For g... more The performance of a textile material depends on the arrangement of its constituent fibres. For good mechanical behaviour strong inter fibre cohesion is necessary. In order to impart comfort characteristics, a permeable structure is desired. Staple fibre, by virtue of its limited length and other constraints, cannot produce fully compacted structure. For an optimum performance, a balance between the permeable and cohesive characteristics is necessary. An estimation of the openness of the structure may help in designing product for specific requirement. The degree of openness, however, may be varied through necessary modifications during and post manufacturing stage. In the present study empirical relations have been developed to calculate the equivalent pore diameter and porosity for three different modes of packing in yarns. Theoretical calculation was done for all three possible modes of packing while the experimental evaluations were made using the cross sectional images. The change in pore size and porosity were also estimated for a polyester/PVA blended yarn on removal of PVA component. A comparison of experimentally measured porosity was made with the results obtained theoretically. Hexagonal close packing resulted lowest porosity and experimentally measured values were in close association with the theoretically measured porosity.
To support the thermo regularity system of human body in completely changed environment and physi... more To support the thermo regularity system of human body in completely changed environment and physical activity the functional clothing must create a stable microclimate next to the skin. The present study deals with the moisture transport and moisture management behaviour of polyester wool yarn and knitted fabric treated with two types of enzyme viz; alkaline protease enzyme and acidic protease enzyme. The prime object of this study was to enhance the moisture transport and moisture management properties of yarn and fabric for use in active wear. The results reveal superior wicking behaviour by alkaline protease enzyme treatment, while superior moisture vapour permeability with acidic protease enzyme treatment. Moisture management properties of alkaline protease enzyme treated fabric gives better result, ranging its grade from very good to excellent with higher absorption rate, one way transport capacity and spreading speed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test statistical significance level of all effects.
A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in h... more A thin place in a spun yarn with less number of fibers contains more twist and should result in higher cohesion between the fibers. Still a yarn generally fails at thin place. To study the behavior of thin places during tensile testing, ring spun yarn with three different composition and two counts were produced at three different twist levels. The effect of mass variation on twist and tensile behavior was studied. Yarn thin places in which the mass was 30%, 40%, and 50% less than the mean mass of the yarn were taken for the study. There has been a significant change in the overall and local twist with variation of mass. The composition of the yarns and change in their diameter were found to influence the tensile behavior of the yarns.
Structural modification of a yarn opens up new fields of application. In the present study, the s... more Structural modification of a yarn opens up new fields of application. In the present study, the structure of polyester /polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blended ring spun yarns was modified by dissolution of PVA, while the yarns were prepared using of varying percentages of PVA fibre. Elastic recovery and elastic performance coefficient (EPC) were measured before and after dissolution of PVA for comparative assessment. Fibre denier and twist multiplier were also selectively altered to study the effect. Experiments were carried out to study elastic recovery at 2%, and 4% extension, while EPC was calculated using 30% and 50% of breaking load of respective yarns. The t-test result confirmed some significant difference in EPC and recovery behaviour of the yarns on modification through removal of PVA. Fibre fineness and applied twist were found to influence the behaviour. Modified yarns were found to exhibit improved elastic recovery properties.
The textile industry can experience a vast array of problems. Modelling represents a group of tec... more The textile industry can experience a vast array of problems. Modelling represents a group of techniques that have been widely used to explore the nature of these problems, it can highlight the mechanisms involved and lead to predictions of the textile behaviour. This ...