Ajay Thakur | Nitte University (original) (raw)
Papers by Ajay Thakur
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2018
Introduction: Dry-Needling (DN) induced muscle soreness is a common adverse event that takes plac... more Introduction: Dry-Needling (DN) induced muscle soreness is a common adverse event that takes place in almost majority of patients who received deep dry needling treatment. The effect of soreness on clinical outcomes has not been evidenced in the existing literature. Aim: To evaluate the correlation between the deep dry-needling induced muscle soreness and severity of shoulder pain in patients with myofascial pain. Materials and Methods: Seventy six participants in the age group of 30 to 60 years with Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrP) in the shoulder girdle muscles were treated with 10-12 minutes of deep dry needling. Shoulder pain severity was assessed at baseline prior to dry needling and 48 hours after dry needling using 0-10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The severity of muscle soreness was assessed immediately after dry needling, at 24 hours and 48 hours after the deep dry needling. Correlation between the shoulder pain and muscle soreness was analysed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Result: A significant reduction of shoulder pain was observed at 48 hours (Median VAS: 7 at Baseline, 3 at 48 hours, and Median difference = 4, IQR = 2-3) after the dry needling. No significant correlation was observed between the original pain severity and needle induced muscle soreness at 24 hours (rho =-.218, p = 0.059) and 48 hours (rho =-.170, p=0.143). Conclusion: Based on the result, we conclude that there is no significant correlation between the dry-needling induced muscle soreness and shoulder pain severity among the patients who received deep dry-needling for myofascial pain. We also suggest that dry-needling induced muscle soreness has no adverse effect on the shoulder pain severity post deep trigger point dry needling.
Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 2020
Cerebral palsy is a common non-Progressive neuromotor disorder which leads to various impairments... more Cerebral palsy is a common non-Progressive neuromotor disorder which leads to various impairments and disabilities. There are various treatment approaches in the management of children, adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is used to stimulate the neuromuscular system in an effort to excite proprioceptors in order to produce a desired movement. Patient was 19 years old boy with spastic diplegia. He was under physiotherapy treatment elsewhere for the past 10 years here they were focussing more on passive movements and mat activities. Patient’s main concerns on approaching us were difficulty to stand independently and walk. The important clinical findings were Grade 1+ Muscle tone according to Modified Ashworth scale in bilateral adductors of hip, hamstring muscles and Bilateral Calf muscles. Highest functional status was he can able to sit independently. Patient was initially treated with tone inhibitory techniques and movement f...
To evaluate the effectiveness of modulated frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ... more To evaluate the effectiveness of modulated frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on relieving pain after abdominal surgery. The study population was those who underwent abdominal surgery. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (treated with frequency modulated TENS and placebo TENS). Both the groups were treated with the usual analgesic routine. The subjects received the treatments for 30 minutes at every time and each subject will be assessed 5 consecutive days. Per day the subject received treatment twice daily after 4 and 8 hours of post surgery. Pain was evaluated using a standard 11-point visual analog scale (VAS) before the application of TENS and after application of TENS (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120) post operative hours. The study population comprised of 60 subjects aged between 25 to 50 years. To evaluate the effectiveness of modulated frequency VAS was measured five times and compared between the experimental and control group. There was a d...
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2015
Background and Objectives: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) is an effective method of... more Background and Objectives: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) is an effective method of postoperative physical therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of modulated frequency TENS on relieving incision pain related to physical therapy after abdominal surgery. Methods: A clinical, randomized, prospective study was undertaken with 45 patients who presented a pain score > 3 on the visual analog scale (VAS) were allocated in three groups. Subjects in group one received modulated TENS, second group received low frequency TENS, and third group treated with conventional physical therapy without TENS. TENS was given for 20 minutes and Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) before treatment on day one and after application of TENS in the five consecutive post operative days. Results: statistical comparison of Modulated TENS with Low TENS the values (P= 0.370), shows that both the groups equally effective in reducing pain. But when control group is compared with modulated TENS and low TENS it signifies that the results obtained is significant P=0.01, which suggests that when compared to control group both the experimental group is significant. The inferential statistical results of post intervention pain score indicates both the TENS groups (Modulated TENS & Low TENS) were more effective in reducing pain much faster as compared to the control group. Conclusions: This study revealed that there was a relief in pain in all the 3 groups but frequency modulated TENS showed a faster pain relief over a short span of time as compared to the other two groups.
The Korean Journal of Pain, 2016
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the common musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder wh... more Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the common musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder which may develop sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions at the various level of the neuromuscular system. The pain and dysfunction caused by MPS were primarily treated with physical therapy and pharmacological agents in order to achieve painfree movements. However, in recent years intramuscular electrical stimulation (IMES) with conventional electrode placement was used by researchers to maximise therapeutic values. But, in this study an inverse electrode placement was used to deliver electrical impulses intramuscularly to achieve neuro-modulation at the various level of the nervous system. Nine patients with MPS were treated with intramuscular electrode stimulation using inversely placed electrodes for a period of three weeks. All nine subjects recovered from their shoulder pain and disability within the few weeks of intervention. So, this inverse electrode placement may be more appropriate for chronic pain management.
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the common musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder wh... more Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the common musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder which may develop sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions at the various level of the neuromuscular system. The pain and dysfunction caused by MPS were primarily treated with physical therapy and pharmacological agents in order to achieve painfree movements. However, in recent years intramuscular electrical stimulation (IMES) with conventional electrode placement was used by researchers to maximise therapeutic values. But, in this study an inverse electrode placement was used to deliver electrical impulses intramuscularly to achieve neuro-modulation at the various level of the nervous system. Nine patients with MPS were treated with intramuscular electrode stimulation using inversely placed electrodes for a period of three weeks. All nine subjects recovered from their shoulder pain and disability within the few weeks of intervention. So, this inverse electrode placement may be more appropriate for chronic pain management. (Korean J Pain 2016; 29: 136-40)
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2018
Introduction: Dry-Needling (DN) induced muscle soreness is a common adverse event that takes plac... more Introduction: Dry-Needling (DN) induced muscle soreness is a common adverse event that takes place in almost majority of patients who received deep dry needling treatment. The effect of soreness on clinical outcomes has not been evidenced in the existing literature. Aim: To evaluate the correlation between the deep dry-needling induced muscle soreness and severity of shoulder pain in patients with myofascial pain. Materials and Methods: Seventy six participants in the age group of 30 to 60 years with Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrP) in the shoulder girdle muscles were treated with 10-12 minutes of deep dry needling. Shoulder pain severity was assessed at baseline prior to dry needling and 48 hours after dry needling using 0-10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The severity of muscle soreness was assessed immediately after dry needling, at 24 hours and 48 hours after the deep dry needling. Correlation between the shoulder pain and muscle soreness was analysed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Result: A significant reduction of shoulder pain was observed at 48 hours (Median VAS: 7 at Baseline, 3 at 48 hours, and Median difference = 4, IQR = 2-3) after the dry needling. No significant correlation was observed between the original pain severity and needle induced muscle soreness at 24 hours (rho =-.218, p = 0.059) and 48 hours (rho =-.170, p=0.143). Conclusion: Based on the result, we conclude that there is no significant correlation between the dry-needling induced muscle soreness and shoulder pain severity among the patients who received deep dry-needling for myofascial pain. We also suggest that dry-needling induced muscle soreness has no adverse effect on the shoulder pain severity post deep trigger point dry needling.
Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 2020
Cerebral palsy is a common non-Progressive neuromotor disorder which leads to various impairments... more Cerebral palsy is a common non-Progressive neuromotor disorder which leads to various impairments and disabilities. There are various treatment approaches in the management of children, adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is used to stimulate the neuromuscular system in an effort to excite proprioceptors in order to produce a desired movement. Patient was 19 years old boy with spastic diplegia. He was under physiotherapy treatment elsewhere for the past 10 years here they were focussing more on passive movements and mat activities. Patient’s main concerns on approaching us were difficulty to stand independently and walk. The important clinical findings were Grade 1+ Muscle tone according to Modified Ashworth scale in bilateral adductors of hip, hamstring muscles and Bilateral Calf muscles. Highest functional status was he can able to sit independently. Patient was initially treated with tone inhibitory techniques and movement f...
To evaluate the effectiveness of modulated frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ... more To evaluate the effectiveness of modulated frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on relieving pain after abdominal surgery. The study population was those who underwent abdominal surgery. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (treated with frequency modulated TENS and placebo TENS). Both the groups were treated with the usual analgesic routine. The subjects received the treatments for 30 minutes at every time and each subject will be assessed 5 consecutive days. Per day the subject received treatment twice daily after 4 and 8 hours of post surgery. Pain was evaluated using a standard 11-point visual analog scale (VAS) before the application of TENS and after application of TENS (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120) post operative hours. The study population comprised of 60 subjects aged between 25 to 50 years. To evaluate the effectiveness of modulated frequency VAS was measured five times and compared between the experimental and control group. There was a d...
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2015
Background and Objectives: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) is an effective method of... more Background and Objectives: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) is an effective method of postoperative physical therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of modulated frequency TENS on relieving incision pain related to physical therapy after abdominal surgery. Methods: A clinical, randomized, prospective study was undertaken with 45 patients who presented a pain score > 3 on the visual analog scale (VAS) were allocated in three groups. Subjects in group one received modulated TENS, second group received low frequency TENS, and third group treated with conventional physical therapy without TENS. TENS was given for 20 minutes and Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) before treatment on day one and after application of TENS in the five consecutive post operative days. Results: statistical comparison of Modulated TENS with Low TENS the values (P= 0.370), shows that both the groups equally effective in reducing pain. But when control group is compared with modulated TENS and low TENS it signifies that the results obtained is significant P=0.01, which suggests that when compared to control group both the experimental group is significant. The inferential statistical results of post intervention pain score indicates both the TENS groups (Modulated TENS & Low TENS) were more effective in reducing pain much faster as compared to the control group. Conclusions: This study revealed that there was a relief in pain in all the 3 groups but frequency modulated TENS showed a faster pain relief over a short span of time as compared to the other two groups.
The Korean Journal of Pain, 2016
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the common musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder wh... more Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the common musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder which may develop sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions at the various level of the neuromuscular system. The pain and dysfunction caused by MPS were primarily treated with physical therapy and pharmacological agents in order to achieve painfree movements. However, in recent years intramuscular electrical stimulation (IMES) with conventional electrode placement was used by researchers to maximise therapeutic values. But, in this study an inverse electrode placement was used to deliver electrical impulses intramuscularly to achieve neuro-modulation at the various level of the nervous system. Nine patients with MPS were treated with intramuscular electrode stimulation using inversely placed electrodes for a period of three weeks. All nine subjects recovered from their shoulder pain and disability within the few weeks of intervention. So, this inverse electrode placement may be more appropriate for chronic pain management.
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the common musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder wh... more Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the common musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder which may develop sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions at the various level of the neuromuscular system. The pain and dysfunction caused by MPS were primarily treated with physical therapy and pharmacological agents in order to achieve painfree movements. However, in recent years intramuscular electrical stimulation (IMES) with conventional electrode placement was used by researchers to maximise therapeutic values. But, in this study an inverse electrode placement was used to deliver electrical impulses intramuscularly to achieve neuro-modulation at the various level of the nervous system. Nine patients with MPS were treated with intramuscular electrode stimulation using inversely placed electrodes for a period of three weeks. All nine subjects recovered from their shoulder pain and disability within the few weeks of intervention. So, this inverse electrode placement may be more appropriate for chronic pain management. (Korean J Pain 2016; 29: 136-40)