Jaime D Ewalt (Gray) | New Jersey Institute of Technology (original) (raw)
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Papers by Jaime D Ewalt (Gray)
Ocean & Coastal Management, 2017
Abstract Public perception research enhances the governance of coastal hazard mitigation. Underst... more Abstract Public perception research enhances the governance of coastal hazard mitigation. Understanding the public's awareness and perceptions of hazard mitigation infrastructure is an important aspect of effective governance. Emerging federal policies call for more integrated use of engineered and natural infrastructure for mitigating coastal hazards. This study is to assess public awareness and perception of the functions of and relationship between engineered and natural infrastructure, which is critical to the successful implementation of such policies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to 27 residents from two coastal communities in New Jersey. Thematic content analysis is used to analyze these interview data. The study shows that awareness of mitigation infrastructure stems in part from experience with coastal hazards. Many participants understood the functions of both types of infrastructure in ways that were consistent with the understandings of coastal engineers, but did not fully understand how these two types of infrastructure interact each other to mitigate coastal hazards. Most respondents preferred natural infrastructure, but believed that engineered infrastructure is more effective in coastal hazard mitigation. The knowledge of public perceptions of mitigation infrastructure would be useful to coastal managers in developing and communicating coastal hazard mitigation strategies.
PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF THE FUNCTIONS OF NATURAL AND ENGINEERED INFRASTRUCTURE IN COASTAL HAZARDS M... more PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF THE FUNCTIONS OF NATURAL AND ENGINEERED INFRASTRUCTURE IN COASTAL HAZARDS MITIGATION: THE CASES OF TWO COMMUNITIES IN THE RARITAN BAYSHORE, NEW JERSEY by Jaime D. Ewalt Gray Emerging United States (U.S.) federal policies call for more comprehensive integration of both engineered and natural infrastructure in mitigating coastal hazards. For such policies to be effectively implemented, the mitigation functions of and relationship between natural infrastructure and engineered infrastructure must be understood and their integrated use accepted by affected actors, especially residents living in at-risk coastal communities. Little is known about public perceptions of the functions of engineered and natural infrastructure in coastal hazard mitigation and the interactions between these two types of infrastructure. This study analyzes perceptions based on semi-structured interviews of 14 residents in Laurence Harbor, Middlesex County and 13 residents in Union Beach, Mon...
Public perception research enhances the governance of coastal hazard mitigation. Understanding th... more Public perception research enhances the governance of coastal hazard mitigation. Understanding the public's awareness and perceptions of hazard mitigation infrastructure is an important aspect of effective governance. Emerging federal policies call for more integrated use of engineered and natural infrastructure for mitigating coastal hazards. This study is to assess public awareness and perception of the functions of and relationship between engineered and natural infrastructure, which is critical to the successful implementation of such policies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to 27 residents from two coastal communities in New Jersey. Thematic content analysis is used to analyze these interview data. The study shows that awareness of mitigation infrastructure stems in part from experience with coastal hazards. Many participants understood the functions of both types of infrastructure in ways that were consistent with the understandings of coastal engineers, but did not fully understand how these two types of infrastructure interact each other to mitigate coastal hazards. Most respondents preferred natural infrastructure, but believed that engineered infrastructure is more effective in coastal hazard mitigation. The knowledge of public perceptions of mitigation infrastructure would be useful to coastal managers in developing and communicating coastal hazard mitigation strategies.
We have developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based heavy metal biosensor for... more We have developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based heavy metal biosensor for the quantification of bioavailable free heavy metals in the cytoplasm of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The biosensor is composed of an
end-to-end fusion of cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), chicken metallothionein II (MT-II), and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). In vitro measurements of YFP/CFP fluorescence emission ratios indicated that the addition of metals to the purified biosensor
enhanced FRET between CFP and YFP, consistent with heavy metal-induced folding of MT-II. A maximum YFP/CFP FRET ratio
of 2.8 was observed in the presence of saturating concentrations of heavy metals. The sensitivity of the biosensor was greatest for Hg2+ followed by Cd2+ Pb2+ . Zn2+ . Cu2+. The heavy metal biosensor was unresponsive to metals that do not bind to MT-II (Na+ and Mg2+). When expressed in C. reinhardtii, we observed a differential metal-dependent response to saturating external concentrations (1.6 mM) of heavy metals (Pb2+ . Cd2+) that was unlike that observed for the isolated biosensor (in vitro). Significantly, analysis of metal uptake kinetics indicated that equilibration of the cytoplasm with externally applied heavy metals occurred within seconds. Our results also indicated that algae have substantial buffering capacity for free heavy metals in their cytosol, even at high external metal concentrations.
State and local governments have increasingly expanded their environmental and energy policies to... more State and local governments have increasingly expanded their environmental and energy policies to become more integrated with job creation and economic development. The changes occurred before 2008, but they have been spurred by funding opportunities from the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) and the loss of manufacturing and other jobs that has occurred during the recession that began after the financial crisis of 2008. Policymakers are increasingly driven by a new, synthetic question: how can environmental and energy policies be configured to create new businesses and generate green jobs with the maximum impact and minimum expenditure?
Many states have a strong suite of “demand-side” policies for energy, that is, policies that encourage demand for renewable energy and energy-efficiency products. We argue that a successful state and local green-collar economy will require an equivalent suite of “supply-side,” that is, economic development policies that ensure that the green businesses are there to provide the jobs that are emerging in the green economy. In other words, state and local governments must carefully craft environmental and energy policies to coincide with economic development efforts so that both sets of policies work together to enhance the growth of clean-energy manufacturing companies and innovation clusters. If the policies succeed in creating a wide range of green jobs, from installation and service delivery to manufacturing to high-tech innovation and entrepreneurship, they will likely receive widespread and growing support from voters, industry, advocacy groups, and policymakers.
There are many existing reviews of state and local government “demand” policies for renewable energy, energy-efficiency, and related energy goals, but to date there has been no comprehensive overview of how those policies are connected with green business development and job creation at the state and local government level. Initiatives in American states and cities were analyzed in order to identify best practices that link environmental policies with the creation of clean-energy industries and jobs. The study tracked the following clean-energy industries: biofuels, smart-grid and building technologies, solar energy, electric/hybrid transportation and energy storage, and wind.
Our research the used the review of policy innovations to develop a composite for state and local governments to use as a benchmark to measure their own progress toward bridging sustainability and green job development policies. The policy recommendations emerged from our review of approximately thirty states and over twenty-two cities.
Ocean & Coastal Management, 2017
Abstract Public perception research enhances the governance of coastal hazard mitigation. Underst... more Abstract Public perception research enhances the governance of coastal hazard mitigation. Understanding the public's awareness and perceptions of hazard mitigation infrastructure is an important aspect of effective governance. Emerging federal policies call for more integrated use of engineered and natural infrastructure for mitigating coastal hazards. This study is to assess public awareness and perception of the functions of and relationship between engineered and natural infrastructure, which is critical to the successful implementation of such policies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to 27 residents from two coastal communities in New Jersey. Thematic content analysis is used to analyze these interview data. The study shows that awareness of mitigation infrastructure stems in part from experience with coastal hazards. Many participants understood the functions of both types of infrastructure in ways that were consistent with the understandings of coastal engineers, but did not fully understand how these two types of infrastructure interact each other to mitigate coastal hazards. Most respondents preferred natural infrastructure, but believed that engineered infrastructure is more effective in coastal hazard mitigation. The knowledge of public perceptions of mitigation infrastructure would be useful to coastal managers in developing and communicating coastal hazard mitigation strategies.
PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF THE FUNCTIONS OF NATURAL AND ENGINEERED INFRASTRUCTURE IN COASTAL HAZARDS M... more PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF THE FUNCTIONS OF NATURAL AND ENGINEERED INFRASTRUCTURE IN COASTAL HAZARDS MITIGATION: THE CASES OF TWO COMMUNITIES IN THE RARITAN BAYSHORE, NEW JERSEY by Jaime D. Ewalt Gray Emerging United States (U.S.) federal policies call for more comprehensive integration of both engineered and natural infrastructure in mitigating coastal hazards. For such policies to be effectively implemented, the mitigation functions of and relationship between natural infrastructure and engineered infrastructure must be understood and their integrated use accepted by affected actors, especially residents living in at-risk coastal communities. Little is known about public perceptions of the functions of engineered and natural infrastructure in coastal hazard mitigation and the interactions between these two types of infrastructure. This study analyzes perceptions based on semi-structured interviews of 14 residents in Laurence Harbor, Middlesex County and 13 residents in Union Beach, Mon...
Public perception research enhances the governance of coastal hazard mitigation. Understanding th... more Public perception research enhances the governance of coastal hazard mitigation. Understanding the public's awareness and perceptions of hazard mitigation infrastructure is an important aspect of effective governance. Emerging federal policies call for more integrated use of engineered and natural infrastructure for mitigating coastal hazards. This study is to assess public awareness and perception of the functions of and relationship between engineered and natural infrastructure, which is critical to the successful implementation of such policies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to 27 residents from two coastal communities in New Jersey. Thematic content analysis is used to analyze these interview data. The study shows that awareness of mitigation infrastructure stems in part from experience with coastal hazards. Many participants understood the functions of both types of infrastructure in ways that were consistent with the understandings of coastal engineers, but did not fully understand how these two types of infrastructure interact each other to mitigate coastal hazards. Most respondents preferred natural infrastructure, but believed that engineered infrastructure is more effective in coastal hazard mitigation. The knowledge of public perceptions of mitigation infrastructure would be useful to coastal managers in developing and communicating coastal hazard mitigation strategies.
We have developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based heavy metal biosensor for... more We have developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based heavy metal biosensor for the quantification of bioavailable free heavy metals in the cytoplasm of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The biosensor is composed of an
end-to-end fusion of cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), chicken metallothionein II (MT-II), and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). In vitro measurements of YFP/CFP fluorescence emission ratios indicated that the addition of metals to the purified biosensor
enhanced FRET between CFP and YFP, consistent with heavy metal-induced folding of MT-II. A maximum YFP/CFP FRET ratio
of 2.8 was observed in the presence of saturating concentrations of heavy metals. The sensitivity of the biosensor was greatest for Hg2+ followed by Cd2+ Pb2+ . Zn2+ . Cu2+. The heavy metal biosensor was unresponsive to metals that do not bind to MT-II (Na+ and Mg2+). When expressed in C. reinhardtii, we observed a differential metal-dependent response to saturating external concentrations (1.6 mM) of heavy metals (Pb2+ . Cd2+) that was unlike that observed for the isolated biosensor (in vitro). Significantly, analysis of metal uptake kinetics indicated that equilibration of the cytoplasm with externally applied heavy metals occurred within seconds. Our results also indicated that algae have substantial buffering capacity for free heavy metals in their cytosol, even at high external metal concentrations.
State and local governments have increasingly expanded their environmental and energy policies to... more State and local governments have increasingly expanded their environmental and energy policies to become more integrated with job creation and economic development. The changes occurred before 2008, but they have been spurred by funding opportunities from the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) and the loss of manufacturing and other jobs that has occurred during the recession that began after the financial crisis of 2008. Policymakers are increasingly driven by a new, synthetic question: how can environmental and energy policies be configured to create new businesses and generate green jobs with the maximum impact and minimum expenditure?
Many states have a strong suite of “demand-side” policies for energy, that is, policies that encourage demand for renewable energy and energy-efficiency products. We argue that a successful state and local green-collar economy will require an equivalent suite of “supply-side,” that is, economic development policies that ensure that the green businesses are there to provide the jobs that are emerging in the green economy. In other words, state and local governments must carefully craft environmental and energy policies to coincide with economic development efforts so that both sets of policies work together to enhance the growth of clean-energy manufacturing companies and innovation clusters. If the policies succeed in creating a wide range of green jobs, from installation and service delivery to manufacturing to high-tech innovation and entrepreneurship, they will likely receive widespread and growing support from voters, industry, advocacy groups, and policymakers.
There are many existing reviews of state and local government “demand” policies for renewable energy, energy-efficiency, and related energy goals, but to date there has been no comprehensive overview of how those policies are connected with green business development and job creation at the state and local government level. Initiatives in American states and cities were analyzed in order to identify best practices that link environmental policies with the creation of clean-energy industries and jobs. The study tracked the following clean-energy industries: biofuels, smart-grid and building technologies, solar energy, electric/hybrid transportation and energy storage, and wind.
Our research the used the review of policy innovations to develop a composite for state and local governments to use as a benchmark to measure their own progress toward bridging sustainability and green job development policies. The policy recommendations emerged from our review of approximately thirty states and over twenty-two cities.