Frank T Padberg | Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (original) (raw)

Papers by Frank T Padberg

Research paper thumbnail of UIP 2011 C3 consensus

International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Structured exercise improves calf muscle pump function in chronic venous insufficiency: a randomized trial

Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Reliability and accuracy of duplex ultrasound vein mapping for dialysis access

American Journal of Surgery, Sep 1, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Does Not Adversely Affect Clinical Outcome of Lower Extremity Amputations

Annals of Vascular Surgery, 2003

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was first identified in isolation in Europe during th... more Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was first identified in isolation in Europe during the 1960's. Now widespread throughout the world, infection with this organism has emerged as a major problem in surgical practice. However, it remains debatable whether MRSA is more virulent than methicillin-susceptible strains. We have reviewed our most recent 4-year experience of lower extremity amputations to examine the influence of MRSA and non-MRSA infection on clinical outcome. During the past 4 years, 165 patients underwent lower extremity amputation for SVS/ISCVS category III acute limb ischemia and grades II and III chronic limb ischemia. Forty-five had documented MRSA infection, while 57 patients had documented infection with other flora. All patients were treated with appropriate sensitivity-specific antibiotics and aggressive wound care. No significant differences were noted in the level of primary amputation required by the two groups. Similarly, no significant differences were noted in either number of revisions or revision to higher-level amputation, time to heal, hospital length of stay, or 30-day morbidity and mortality rates. Our results demonstrate that MRSA infection does not adversely affect clinical outcome in patients undergoing lower extremity amputations. Appropriate treatment of infections with sensitivity-specific antibiotics, thorough wound debridement, and aggressive wound monitoring should be routine in all patients, regardless of bacterial flora.

Research paper thumbnail of A program of operative angioplasty: Endovascular intervention and the vascular surgeon

Journal of Vascular Surgery, Dec 1, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of In-stent restenosis after carotid angioplasty-stenting: Incidence and management

Journal of Vascular Surgery, Feb 1, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Revascularization of the profunda femoris artery for limb salvage

PubMed, Feb 1, 1984

The clinical outcome of 88 profundaplasties in 70 patients operated upon during the period 1978 t... more The clinical outcome of 88 profundaplasties in 70 patients operated upon during the period 1978 to 1982 was related to indications for operation, status of arterial run-off, influence of a concomitant inflow procedure, and changes in Doppler ankle-brachial index (ABI). Operative procedures were performed for rest pain (49 limbs), ulceration (24 limbs), and gangrene (13 extremities). Primary profundaplasty (PP) was performed in 26 (29%) cases. Sixty-two procedures (71%) were inflow profundaplasties (IP) performed in conjunction with other proximal reconstructions. Overall clinical success was achieved in 67 extremities (76%). When the operation was performed for rest pain, and the arterial run-off was good, success rate was 78 per cent and 79 per cent, respectively, as compared to 51 per cent and 57 per cent for ulceration/gangrene and poor arterial run-off. For PP, satisfactory outcome was noted in 69 per cent as compared to 79 per cent in IP. In the clinically successful profundaplasties, mean preoperative ABI was 0.29 and increased significantly to 0.53 postoperatively (P = 0.04). In the clinical failures, mean preoperative ABI was 0.32, and postoperative ABI was 0.38, which was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). Profundaplasty is a reliable operation particularly when the indication is rest pain, and the arterial run-off is good. Poor results can be anticipated when the procedure is performed for tissue loss, or if the arterial run-off is poor. Clinical outcome for the PP and IP groups were comparable.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathogenesis of varicose veins and cellular pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency

CRC Press eBooks, Jan 7, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of The significance of calf muscle function in venous ulceration pump

Research paper thumbnail of Observer Variability of Iliac Artery Measurements in Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Annals of Vascular Surgery, Nov 1, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Patency and Limb Salvage for Polytetrafluoroethylene Bypasses with Vein Interposition Cuffs

Annals of Vascular Surgery, Jul 1, 1999

Polytetrafluoroethelene (PTFE) is often utilized in patients with limb-threatening ischemia requi... more Polytetrafluoroethelene (PTFE) is often utilized in patients with limb-threatening ischemia requiring infrainguinal revascularization in the absence of autologous saphenous vein. To increase long-term patency of PTFE grafts, vein interposition cuffs have been recommended as adjunctive procedures. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of vein interposition cuffs on the long-term patency and limb salvage of patients requiring prosthetic bypass grafts for limb-threatening ischemia. Prosthetic bypass grafts with vein interposition cuffs (PTFE/VC) were performed on 56 limbs in 55 patients (32 men, 23 women; mean age of 67 years) from October 1993 to January 1998. Grafts were prospectively evaluated every 3 months for the first 12 months and biannually thereafter with duplex ultrasonography. PTFE/VC and PTFE bypasses at the popliteal level appear to have comparable patencies. However, PTFE/VC appear to offer an improved patency and limb salvage for infrapopliteal bypasses in patients with critical limb ischemia. When infrapopliteal revascularization is required in the absence of autologous saphenous vein, we recommend the use of PTFE with vein interposition cuffs.

Research paper thumbnail of Carotid restenosis: Operative and endovascular management

Journal of Vascular Surgery, Feb 1, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Durability and cumulative functional patency of transposed and nontransposed arteriovenous fistulas

Journal of Vascular Surgery, Dec 1, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Long-term Cost-effectiveness in the Veterans Affairs Open vs Endovascular Repair Study of Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm: A Randomized Clinical Trial

JAMA surgery, Dec 14, 2016

Because of the similarity in clinical outcomes after elective open and endovascular repair of abd... more Because of the similarity in clinical outcomes after elective open and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), cost may be an important factor in choosing a procedure. To compare total and AAA-related use of health care services, costs, and cost-effectiveness between groups randomized to open or endovascular repair. This unblinded randomized clinical trial enrolled 881 patients undergoing planned elective repair of AAA who were candidates for open and endovascular repair procedures. Patients were randomized from October 15, 2002, to April 15, 2008, at 42 Veterans Affairs medical centers. Follow-up was completed on October 15, 2011, and data were analyzed from April 15, 2013, to April 15, 2016, based on intention to treat. Mean total and AAA-related health care cost per life-year and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). A total of 881 patients (876 men [99.4%]; 5 women [0.6%]; mean [SD] age, 70 [7.8] years) were included in the analysis. After a mean of 5.2 years of...

Research paper thumbnail of Observer variability of iliac artery measurements in endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms

Annals of vascular surgery, 2004

Accurate measurement of iliac arteries is essential for successful delivery of aortic endografts ... more Accurate measurement of iliac arteries is essential for successful delivery of aortic endografts without iliac limb endoleak. Although intravascular ultrasound measurements may be reliable, they require an invasive procedure. Therefore, helical computed tomography (hCT) has become the most commonly used modality for obtaining preprocedure arterial diameter measurements. The accuracy of hCT remains ill-defined, however, because an anatomic gold standard with which to compare the measurements is not available. We therefore assessed inter- and intraobserver variability of hCT measurements. We also applied accepted cutoff measurements to determine the clinical impact of observer variability in predicting the need for adjunctive iliac access and iliac limb seal procedures. hCT scans were analyzed in 30 patients who had undergone successful placement of a bifurcated endograft (26 Ancure, 4 Aneurex). Mean age of patients was 75 years, the male/female ratio was 27:3. Three blinded observers...

Research paper thumbnail of Noninvasive Identification of the Unstable Carotid Plaque

Annals of Vascular Surgery, 2006

Intraplaque hemorrhage, enlarging lipid cores, and their proximity to the flow lumen are importan... more Intraplaque hemorrhage, enlarging lipid cores, and their proximity to the flow lumen are important determinants of carotid plaque rupture and neurological complications. We developed an image-analysis method for B-mode ultrasound, pixel distribution analysis (PDA), for preprocedural identification of these high-risk features in carotid plaques. This technique may improve selection of patients for carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting. Forty-two patients with high-grade carotid stenosis in 45 arteries, 18 symptomatic and 27 asymptomatic, underwent preoperative ultrasound. Intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid, fibromuscular tissue, calcium, lipid core area, and distance from the flow lumen were quantified using pixel intensities of tissues in control subjects. These findings were contrasted between symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques and correlated with histology. Inter- and intraobserver variabilities were determined for this technique. Pixel intensities of control tissues were discrete and significantly different from each other (median: blood 0, lipid 27, muscle 45.5, fibrous tissue 204, and calcium 245). There was more intraplaque hemorrhage (p<0.001) and lipid (p=0.002) but less calcium (p<0.001) within symptomatic plaques. Lipid cores were larger (p=0.005) and their distance from the flow lumen was lower (p=0.01) in symptomatic plaques. Intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid, fibromuscular tissue, calcium, lipid core size, and distance from flow lumen measured by PDA correlated with histology. No significant inter- or intraobserver variabilities were observed in these measurements. PDA accurately identified more intraplaque hemorrhage and lipid, less calcium, and larger lipid cores located closer to the flow lumen in symptomatic patients with carotid stenosis. These data indicate that PDA may be used to identify high-risk carotid atherosclerotic plaques and thereby improve the selection of patients requiring treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathophysiology of Leg Ulceration

Venous and Lymphatic Diseases, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Femoral venous trauma: Techniques for surgical management and early results

The American Journal of Surgery, 1983

Research paper thumbnail of Durability and cumulative functional patency of transposed and nontransposed arteriovenous fistulas

Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of The 2020 update of the CEAP classification system and reporting standards

Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2020

The CEAP (Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology) classification is an internationally accepte... more The CEAP (Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology) classification is an internationally accepted standard for describing patients with chronic venous disorders and it has been used for reporting clinical research findings in scientific journals. Developed in 1993, updated in 1996, and revised in 2004, CEAP is a classification system based on clinical manifestations of chronic venous disorders, on current understanding of the etiology, the involved anatomy, and the underlying venous pathology. As the evidence related to these aspects of venous disorders, and specifically of chronic venous diseases (CVD, C2-C6) continue to develop, the CEAP classification needs periodic analysis and revisions. In May of 2017, the American Venous Forum created a CEAP Task Force and charged it to critically analyze the current classification system and recommend revisions, where needed. Guided by four basic principles (preservation of the reproducibility of CEAP, compatibility with prior versions, evidence-based, and practical for clinical use), the Task Force has adopted the revised Delphi process and made several changes. These changes include adding Corona phlebectatica as the C4c clinical subclass, introducing the modifier "r" for recurrent varicose veins and recurrent venous ulcers, and replacing numeric descriptions of the venous segments by their common abbreviations. This report describes all these revisions and the rationale for making these changes.

Research paper thumbnail of UIP 2011 C3 consensus

International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Structured exercise improves calf muscle pump function in chronic venous insufficiency: a randomized trial

Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Reliability and accuracy of duplex ultrasound vein mapping for dialysis access

American Journal of Surgery, Sep 1, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Does Not Adversely Affect Clinical Outcome of Lower Extremity Amputations

Annals of Vascular Surgery, 2003

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was first identified in isolation in Europe during th... more Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was first identified in isolation in Europe during the 1960's. Now widespread throughout the world, infection with this organism has emerged as a major problem in surgical practice. However, it remains debatable whether MRSA is more virulent than methicillin-susceptible strains. We have reviewed our most recent 4-year experience of lower extremity amputations to examine the influence of MRSA and non-MRSA infection on clinical outcome. During the past 4 years, 165 patients underwent lower extremity amputation for SVS/ISCVS category III acute limb ischemia and grades II and III chronic limb ischemia. Forty-five had documented MRSA infection, while 57 patients had documented infection with other flora. All patients were treated with appropriate sensitivity-specific antibiotics and aggressive wound care. No significant differences were noted in the level of primary amputation required by the two groups. Similarly, no significant differences were noted in either number of revisions or revision to higher-level amputation, time to heal, hospital length of stay, or 30-day morbidity and mortality rates. Our results demonstrate that MRSA infection does not adversely affect clinical outcome in patients undergoing lower extremity amputations. Appropriate treatment of infections with sensitivity-specific antibiotics, thorough wound debridement, and aggressive wound monitoring should be routine in all patients, regardless of bacterial flora.

Research paper thumbnail of A program of operative angioplasty: Endovascular intervention and the vascular surgeon

Journal of Vascular Surgery, Dec 1, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of In-stent restenosis after carotid angioplasty-stenting: Incidence and management

Journal of Vascular Surgery, Feb 1, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Revascularization of the profunda femoris artery for limb salvage

PubMed, Feb 1, 1984

The clinical outcome of 88 profundaplasties in 70 patients operated upon during the period 1978 t... more The clinical outcome of 88 profundaplasties in 70 patients operated upon during the period 1978 to 1982 was related to indications for operation, status of arterial run-off, influence of a concomitant inflow procedure, and changes in Doppler ankle-brachial index (ABI). Operative procedures were performed for rest pain (49 limbs), ulceration (24 limbs), and gangrene (13 extremities). Primary profundaplasty (PP) was performed in 26 (29%) cases. Sixty-two procedures (71%) were inflow profundaplasties (IP) performed in conjunction with other proximal reconstructions. Overall clinical success was achieved in 67 extremities (76%). When the operation was performed for rest pain, and the arterial run-off was good, success rate was 78 per cent and 79 per cent, respectively, as compared to 51 per cent and 57 per cent for ulceration/gangrene and poor arterial run-off. For PP, satisfactory outcome was noted in 69 per cent as compared to 79 per cent in IP. In the clinically successful profundaplasties, mean preoperative ABI was 0.29 and increased significantly to 0.53 postoperatively (P = 0.04). In the clinical failures, mean preoperative ABI was 0.32, and postoperative ABI was 0.38, which was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). Profundaplasty is a reliable operation particularly when the indication is rest pain, and the arterial run-off is good. Poor results can be anticipated when the procedure is performed for tissue loss, or if the arterial run-off is poor. Clinical outcome for the PP and IP groups were comparable.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathogenesis of varicose veins and cellular pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency

CRC Press eBooks, Jan 7, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of The significance of calf muscle function in venous ulceration pump

Research paper thumbnail of Observer Variability of Iliac Artery Measurements in Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Annals of Vascular Surgery, Nov 1, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Patency and Limb Salvage for Polytetrafluoroethylene Bypasses with Vein Interposition Cuffs

Annals of Vascular Surgery, Jul 1, 1999

Polytetrafluoroethelene (PTFE) is often utilized in patients with limb-threatening ischemia requi... more Polytetrafluoroethelene (PTFE) is often utilized in patients with limb-threatening ischemia requiring infrainguinal revascularization in the absence of autologous saphenous vein. To increase long-term patency of PTFE grafts, vein interposition cuffs have been recommended as adjunctive procedures. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of vein interposition cuffs on the long-term patency and limb salvage of patients requiring prosthetic bypass grafts for limb-threatening ischemia. Prosthetic bypass grafts with vein interposition cuffs (PTFE/VC) were performed on 56 limbs in 55 patients (32 men, 23 women; mean age of 67 years) from October 1993 to January 1998. Grafts were prospectively evaluated every 3 months for the first 12 months and biannually thereafter with duplex ultrasonography. PTFE/VC and PTFE bypasses at the popliteal level appear to have comparable patencies. However, PTFE/VC appear to offer an improved patency and limb salvage for infrapopliteal bypasses in patients with critical limb ischemia. When infrapopliteal revascularization is required in the absence of autologous saphenous vein, we recommend the use of PTFE with vein interposition cuffs.

Research paper thumbnail of Carotid restenosis: Operative and endovascular management

Journal of Vascular Surgery, Feb 1, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Durability and cumulative functional patency of transposed and nontransposed arteriovenous fistulas

Journal of Vascular Surgery, Dec 1, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Long-term Cost-effectiveness in the Veterans Affairs Open vs Endovascular Repair Study of Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm: A Randomized Clinical Trial

JAMA surgery, Dec 14, 2016

Because of the similarity in clinical outcomes after elective open and endovascular repair of abd... more Because of the similarity in clinical outcomes after elective open and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), cost may be an important factor in choosing a procedure. To compare total and AAA-related use of health care services, costs, and cost-effectiveness between groups randomized to open or endovascular repair. This unblinded randomized clinical trial enrolled 881 patients undergoing planned elective repair of AAA who were candidates for open and endovascular repair procedures. Patients were randomized from October 15, 2002, to April 15, 2008, at 42 Veterans Affairs medical centers. Follow-up was completed on October 15, 2011, and data were analyzed from April 15, 2013, to April 15, 2016, based on intention to treat. Mean total and AAA-related health care cost per life-year and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). A total of 881 patients (876 men [99.4%]; 5 women [0.6%]; mean [SD] age, 70 [7.8] years) were included in the analysis. After a mean of 5.2 years of...

Research paper thumbnail of Observer variability of iliac artery measurements in endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms

Annals of vascular surgery, 2004

Accurate measurement of iliac arteries is essential for successful delivery of aortic endografts ... more Accurate measurement of iliac arteries is essential for successful delivery of aortic endografts without iliac limb endoleak. Although intravascular ultrasound measurements may be reliable, they require an invasive procedure. Therefore, helical computed tomography (hCT) has become the most commonly used modality for obtaining preprocedure arterial diameter measurements. The accuracy of hCT remains ill-defined, however, because an anatomic gold standard with which to compare the measurements is not available. We therefore assessed inter- and intraobserver variability of hCT measurements. We also applied accepted cutoff measurements to determine the clinical impact of observer variability in predicting the need for adjunctive iliac access and iliac limb seal procedures. hCT scans were analyzed in 30 patients who had undergone successful placement of a bifurcated endograft (26 Ancure, 4 Aneurex). Mean age of patients was 75 years, the male/female ratio was 27:3. Three blinded observers...

Research paper thumbnail of Noninvasive Identification of the Unstable Carotid Plaque

Annals of Vascular Surgery, 2006

Intraplaque hemorrhage, enlarging lipid cores, and their proximity to the flow lumen are importan... more Intraplaque hemorrhage, enlarging lipid cores, and their proximity to the flow lumen are important determinants of carotid plaque rupture and neurological complications. We developed an image-analysis method for B-mode ultrasound, pixel distribution analysis (PDA), for preprocedural identification of these high-risk features in carotid plaques. This technique may improve selection of patients for carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting. Forty-two patients with high-grade carotid stenosis in 45 arteries, 18 symptomatic and 27 asymptomatic, underwent preoperative ultrasound. Intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid, fibromuscular tissue, calcium, lipid core area, and distance from the flow lumen were quantified using pixel intensities of tissues in control subjects. These findings were contrasted between symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques and correlated with histology. Inter- and intraobserver variabilities were determined for this technique. Pixel intensities of control tissues were discrete and significantly different from each other (median: blood 0, lipid 27, muscle 45.5, fibrous tissue 204, and calcium 245). There was more intraplaque hemorrhage (p<0.001) and lipid (p=0.002) but less calcium (p<0.001) within symptomatic plaques. Lipid cores were larger (p=0.005) and their distance from the flow lumen was lower (p=0.01) in symptomatic plaques. Intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid, fibromuscular tissue, calcium, lipid core size, and distance from flow lumen measured by PDA correlated with histology. No significant inter- or intraobserver variabilities were observed in these measurements. PDA accurately identified more intraplaque hemorrhage and lipid, less calcium, and larger lipid cores located closer to the flow lumen in symptomatic patients with carotid stenosis. These data indicate that PDA may be used to identify high-risk carotid atherosclerotic plaques and thereby improve the selection of patients requiring treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathophysiology of Leg Ulceration

Venous and Lymphatic Diseases, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Femoral venous trauma: Techniques for surgical management and early results

The American Journal of Surgery, 1983

Research paper thumbnail of Durability and cumulative functional patency of transposed and nontransposed arteriovenous fistulas

Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of The 2020 update of the CEAP classification system and reporting standards

Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2020

The CEAP (Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology) classification is an internationally accepte... more The CEAP (Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology) classification is an internationally accepted standard for describing patients with chronic venous disorders and it has been used for reporting clinical research findings in scientific journals. Developed in 1993, updated in 1996, and revised in 2004, CEAP is a classification system based on clinical manifestations of chronic venous disorders, on current understanding of the etiology, the involved anatomy, and the underlying venous pathology. As the evidence related to these aspects of venous disorders, and specifically of chronic venous diseases (CVD, C2-C6) continue to develop, the CEAP classification needs periodic analysis and revisions. In May of 2017, the American Venous Forum created a CEAP Task Force and charged it to critically analyze the current classification system and recommend revisions, where needed. Guided by four basic principles (preservation of the reproducibility of CEAP, compatibility with prior versions, evidence-based, and practical for clinical use), the Task Force has adopted the revised Delphi process and made several changes. These changes include adding Corona phlebectatica as the C4c clinical subclass, introducing the modifier "r" for recurrent varicose veins and recurrent venous ulcers, and replacing numeric descriptions of the venous segments by their common abbreviations. This report describes all these revisions and the rationale for making these changes.