James Oleske | Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (original) (raw)

Papers by James Oleske

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1987

In addition to central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections and neoplasms, patients with... more In addition to central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections and neoplasms, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop unexplained dementia and encephalopathy and degeneration of the white matter. We studied autopsied brains from 20 adult patients who expired from AIDS to determine the relationship of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to white matter lesions and to clinical findings. In four patients with dementia/encephalopathy and abnormalities of the white matter, there was evidence of HIV infection as shown by in situ hybridization. In contrast, the remaining 16 patients who had no evidence of white matter degeneration revealed no hybridization to the HIV probe. The cells infected with HIV included endothelial cells, perivascular macrophages/monocytes, and multinucleated giant cells and were found in or adjacent to white matter degeneration. These results demonstrate a correlation between HIV-infected cells and AIDS leukoencephalopathy and provide further evidence for HIV-related dementia/encephalopathy.

PEDIATRICS, 2000

Objectives. To evaluate the association of negative stressful life events experienced over 12 mon... more Objectives. To evaluate the association of negative stressful life events experienced over 12 months and the risk of moderate to severe immune suppression among children and youth infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Methods. Longitudinal study of 618 HIV-1-infected children, baseline ages 1 to 20 years (mean age: 6.4 years), who completed 52 weeks of participation in the Pediatric Late Outcomes Study (Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 219). Severity of immune suppression was indicated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric HIV Disease Classification System, based on CD4 percentages. The total number of negative life events—categorized as none, 1, or >1 life event reported as having occurred in the previous 12 months (previous 6 months for children <3 years of age)—was the predictor variable. Multiple logistic regressions were estimated to assess the relationship of negative life events and immune suppression at outcome, c...

Vaccine, 2019

Preamble 1.1. Need for developing case definitions and guidelines for data collection, analysis, ... more Preamble 1.1. Need for developing case definitions and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation for neonatal seizures as an adverse event following immunization

Citation for pioneering efforts in providing state-of-the art medical care to assist children wit... more Citation for pioneering efforts in providing state-of-the art medical care to assist children with AIDS to remain in their own homes. Dec 1991.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Mar 12, 2021

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

It is recognized that guidelines for antiretroviral use in pediatric patients are rapidly evolvin... more It is recognized that guidelines for antiretroviral use in pediatric patients are rapidly evolving. The Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children will review new data on an ongoing basis and provide regular updates to the guidelines, and the most recent information is available on the AIDSinfo Web site (http://AIDSinfo.nih.gov).

This article cites 39 articles, 11 of which can be accessed free

Objective: The objectives of this study were to ascertain the acceptance rate ofhuman immunodefic... more Objective: The objectives of this study were to ascertain the acceptance rate ofhuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) testing in a high-prevalence area and to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of seropositive women diagnosed in the prenatal setting. Methods: A retrospective review was carried out of the prenatal HIV-1 counseling and testing program at University Hospital, Newark, NJ (1989-1990). Results: Sixty-seven percent (741/1,114) ofthe women offered HIV-1 counseling services accepted testing and 40 (40/741:5.3%) new cases were identified. Heterosexual contact was the primary exposure (17:52%) of these women, of whom 13 (73%) had negative syphilis serologies. Sixty-four percent were asymptomatic. The mean absolute CD4 lymphocyte count in seropositive women was 514 305 cells/mm3. Severe immunosuppression was seen in 7/32 (22%) patients. Seventythree percent (24/33) depended on public-assistance programs for their health-care services. Conclusions: ...

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1993

Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may be difficult in adults with a... more Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may be difficult in adults with acute or recent HIV infection and in infants with perinatally acquired HIV. Detection of HIV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in infant serum by Western blot (immunoblot) has been suggested as a reliable method to identify HIV-infected infants, especially those over the age of 6 months, and as an adjunct to diagnosis of acute HIV infection in adults. We developed a simple enzyme immunoassay for detection of HIV-specific IgA, using standard commercially available reagents. Enzyme immunoassay was comparable to Western blot for detection of HIV-specific IgA in sera from adults (n = 216), older children (n = 49), and infants born to HIV-infected mothers (n = 65). Specificity was 100% and sensitivity ranged from 80 to 92%. IgA-enzyme immunoassay is a simple, highly sensitive method for detection of HIV-specific IgA antibodies and is easily adapted to the standard clinical laboratory.

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2018

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2015

HIV RepoRts Background: Limited empirical investigation exists into longitudinal changes in cogni... more HIV RepoRts Background: Limited empirical investigation exists into longitudinal changes in cognition, behavior or quality of life (QOL) in children with perinatal HIV who are prescribed stimulants. Methods: This study was an analysis of longitudinal data from children age 3-19 years, with perinatal HIV infection, with and without prescriptions for stimulant medications [prescription (PG) and comparison (CG) groups, respectively], matched on age, availability of CD4% and outcome measures of cognition, behavior and QOL. Generalized estimating equation models were used to evaluate effects of stimulant exposure on change in measured outcomes over 3 years of follow-up, adjusting for baseline levels of outcomes and relevant covariates. Results: Children in both the PG (n = 132) and the CG (n = 392) obtained mean verbal and performance (nonverbal) intelligence quotients (VIQ and PIQ, respectively) in the low-average range for age. At baseline, those in PG demonstrated more frequent signs of hyperactivity, impulsivity and conduct and learning problems than those in CG (P ≤ 0.003 in unadjusted analyses). At follow-up, after adjustment for baseline functioning and other relevant covariates, there were no significant changes from baseline in VIQ or PIQ. Stimulant prescription use, however, was associated with worsening symptoms of hyperactivity (P = 0.01), impulsivity (P = 0.04), learning problems (P < 0.001) and worsening of perceived health status (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest expectations for behavioral improvement may not align well with long-term effects of stimulant prescription use on behavior and QOL in children with HIV. Further research is necessary to determine if there are subsets of children who may benefit from stimulant therapy.

Recent Advances in AIDS and Kaposi's Sarcoma

Neurobehavioral HIV Medicine, 2010

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 2009

Objective-To examine the relationships between physical growth and medications prescribed for sym... more Objective-To examine the relationships between physical growth and medications prescribed for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with HIV.

AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 2009

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are increasingly prescribed to treat psychiatric symptoms... more Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are increasingly prescribed to treat psychiatric symptoms in pediatric patients infected with HIV. We examined the relationship between prescribed SGAs and physical growth in a cohort of youth with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG), Protocol 219C (P219C), a multicenter, longitudinal observational study of children and adolescents perinatally exposed to HIV, was conducted from September 2000 until May 2007. The analysis included P219C participants who were perinatally HIV-infected, 3-18 years old, prescribed first SGA for at least 1 month, and had available baseline data prior to starting first SGA. Each participant prescribed an SGA was matched (based on gender, age, Tanner stage, baseline body mass index [BMI] z score) with 1-3 controls without antipsychotic prescriptions. The main outcomes were short-term (approximately 6 months) and long-term (approximately 2 years) changes in BMI z scores from baseline. There were 236 participants in the short-term and 198 in the long-term analysis. In linear regression models, youth with SGA prescriptions had increased BMI z scores relative to youth without antipsychotic prescriptions, for all SGAs (short-term increase ¼ 0.192, p ¼ 0.003; long-term increase ¼ 0.350, p < 0.001), and for risperidone alone (short-term ¼ 0.239, p ¼ 0.002; long-term ¼ 0.360, p ¼ 0.001). Participants receiving both protease inhibitors (PIs) and SGAs showed especially large increases. These findings suggest that growth should be carefully monitored in youth with perinatally acquired HIV who are prescribed SGAs. Future research should investigate the interaction between PIs and SGAs in children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection.

PLOS ONE

Background The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected infants and you... more Background The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected infants and young children is relatively understudied in regions endemic for HIV and TB. We aimed to describe incidence, clinical features and risk factors of pediatric IRIS in Sub-Saharan Africa and India. Methods and findings We conducted an observational multi-centred prospective clinical study from December 2010 to September 2013 in children <72 months of age recruited from public antiretroviral programs. The main diagnostic criterion for IRIS was a new or worsening inflammatory event after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among 198 participants, median age 1.15 (0.48; 2.21) years, 38 children (18.8%) developed 45 episodes of IRIS. Five participants (13.2%) had two IRIS events and one (2.6%) had 3 events. Main causes of IRIS were BCG (n = 21; 46.7%), tuberculosis (n = 10; 22.2%) and dermatological, (n = 8, 17.8%). Four TB IRIS cases had severe morbidity including 1 fatality. Cytomegalovirus colitis and cryptococcal meningitis IRIS were also severe. BCG IRIS resolved without pharmacological intervention. On multivariate logistic regression, the most important baseline associations with IRIS

Vaccine, Aug 1, 2007

Preamble 1.1. Need for developing a standardized case definition and guidelines for encephalitis/... more Preamble 1.1. Need for developing a standardized case definition and guidelines for encephalitis/acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as adverse events following immunization Among the various events reported as adverse outcomes following immunizations, neurologic adverse events follow-ଝ The findings, opinions and assertions contained in this consensus document are those of the individual scientific professional members of the Working Group. They do not necessarily represent the official positions of each participant's organization (e.g., government, university, or corporations). Specifically, the findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration.