Walter Zahorodny | Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (original) (raw)
Papers by Walter Zahorodny
Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, Mar 26, 2024
INSAR 2019 Annual Meeting, May 4, 2019
Public Health Reports
Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a heterogeneous condition that poses challenges ... more Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a heterogeneous condition that poses challenges in describing the needs of individuals with autism and making prognoses about future outcomes. We applied a newly proposed definition of profound autism to surveillance data to estimate the percentage of children with autism who have profound autism and describe their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: We analyzed population-based surveillance data from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network for 20 135 children aged 8 years with autism during 2000-2016. Children were classified as having profound autism if they were nonverbal, were minimally verbal, or had an intelligence quotient <50. Results: The percentage of 8-year-old children with profound autism among those with autism was 26.7%. Compared with children with non–profound autism, children with profound autism were more likely to be female, from racial and ethnic minority groups, of low s...
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022
The supplementary documents was missing in this article and it has been uploaded. The original ar... more The supplementary documents was missing in this article and it has been uploaded. The original article has been revised. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Mar 24, 2023
Problem/Condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered: 2020. Description of System: T... more Problem/Condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered: 2020. Description of System: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance program that provides estimates of the prevalence of ASD among children aged 8 years. In 2020, there were 11 ADDM Network sites across the United States
Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Dec 3, 2021
Problem/Condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered: 2018. Description of System: T... more Problem/Condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered: 2018. Description of System: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network is an active surveillance program that estimates ASD prevalence and monitors timing of ASD identification among children aged 4 and 8 years. This report focuses on children aged 4 years in 2018, who were born in 2014 and had a parent or guardian who lived in the surveillance area in one of 11 sites (Arizona,
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1999
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1996
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1998
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1998
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Aug 1, 1996
environment in which bonnet macaque mothers were given an explicit choice of foraging, being with... more environment in which bonnet macaque mothers were given an explicit choice of foraging, being with their infants, or engaging in some other task. When the To extend previous findings from o u r laboratory, we created an experimental "UXR) CALLS" OF MACACA NIGREXENS. IN I N M X t-E O~ NATIONAL PARK, NoR?H SULPWESI, IWNESIA. S. B.E. MULLIGAN(Z), A. KO€&K?A5(3), AND H. P ? M 3 (4) .
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1998
Journal of Perinatology, Oct 1, 1999
This study tested the hypothesis that highly fretful, narcotic-withdrawing neonates experience le... more This study tested the hypothesis that highly fretful, narcotic-withdrawing neonates experience less distress in a prone-lying position than comparable, supine-lying neonates. STUDY DESIGN: Equivalent numbers of randomly assigned, narcotic-withdrawing newborns were assigned to prone-lying (n ϭ 25) or supine-lying (n ϭ 23) conditions. Subjects in the two groups were similar with regard to gestational age, birth weight, and clinical presentation. Peak and mean withdrawal severity, as measured by Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (NASS) scores and daily caloric intake, were compared between supine and prone groups by Wilcoxon's two-sample test. RESULTS: The prone-lying neonates had lower peak NASS scores (p Ͻ 0.0001), lower mean NASS scores (p Ͻ 0.0001), and lower caloric intake (p Ͻ 0.001) than supine-lying, narcotic-withdrawing newborns. CONCLUSION: The fretfulness associated with neonatal withdrawal and other stressful conditions can be moderated by laying the affected infant prone. The pronate quieting response is a significant, endogenous source of neonatal pacification.
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, Apr 1, 2009
This study evaluated independent effects of maternal and paternal age on risk of autism spectrum ... more This study evaluated independent effects of maternal and paternal age on risk of autism spectrum disorder. A case-cohort design was implemented using data from 10 US study sites participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. The 1994 birth cohort included 253,347 study-site births with complete parental age information. Cases included 1,251 children aged 8 years with complete parental age information from the same birth cohort and identified as having an autism spectrum disorder based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria. After adjustment for the other parent's age, birth order, maternal education, and other covariates, both maternal and paternal age were independently associated with autism (adjusted odds ratio for maternal age 35 vs. 25-29 years ¼ 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.6; adjusted odds ratio for paternal age 40 years vs. 25-29 years ¼ 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.8). Firstborn offspring of 2 older parents were 3 times more likely to develop autism than were third-or later-born offspring of mothers aged 20-34 years and fathers aged <40 years (odds ratio ¼ 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 4.7). The increase in autism risk with both maternal and paternal age has potential implications for public health planning and investigations of autism etiology.
Current Hypertension Reports, Feb 1, 2001
Essential hypertension, particularly systolic hypertension, can be characterized as a disorder of... more Essential hypertension, particularly systolic hypertension, can be characterized as a disorder of aging. The diverse expressions of this disorder represent the interactions of a genetic script, the environment, chance, and a temporal factor. The temporal factor, namely the telomeres, is biological, intrinsic, and dynamic. Telomere length is heritable, is inversely related to pulse pressure, and can be modified by reactive oxygen species. The incorporation of a temporal factor into models of essential hypertension may provide a heretofore missing link explaining variations in age-dependent increase in pulse pressure.
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1997
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1997
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Aug 21, 2019
Race-specific time trends in Autism Spectrum Disorder prevalence are tracked among 3-5 year-olds ... more Race-specific time trends in Autism Spectrum Disorder prevalence are tracked among 3-5 year-olds and 8 year-olds identified by the U.S. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network, respectively. White ASD prevalence historically has been higher than other racial groups but plateaued for IDEA birth cohorts from ~ 2004 to 2007 before resuming its increase. Black and Hispanic IDEA prevalence increased continuously and caught up to whites by birth year ~ 2008 and ~ 2013, respectively, with black prevalence subsequently exceeding white prevalence in the majority of states. Plateaus in white prevalence occurred in some ADDM states for birth years 2002-2006, but IDEA trends suggest prevalence will increase across all racial groups in ADDM's birth year 2008 report.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Jul 5, 2018
Services (CDDS)] are calculated using two different methods: (1) constant-age tracking of 8 year-... more Services (CDDS)] are calculated using two different methods: (1) constant-age tracking of 8 year-olds and (2) age-resolved snapshots. The data are consistent across methods in showing a strong upward trend over time. The prevalence of autism in the CDDS dataset, the longest of the three data records, increased from 0.001% in the cohort born in 1931 to 1.2% among 5 year-olds born in 2012. This increase began around ~ 1940 at a rate that has gradually accelerated over time, including notable change points around birth years 1980, 1990 and, most recently, 2007.
Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, Mar 26, 2024
INSAR 2019 Annual Meeting, May 4, 2019
Public Health Reports
Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a heterogeneous condition that poses challenges ... more Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a heterogeneous condition that poses challenges in describing the needs of individuals with autism and making prognoses about future outcomes. We applied a newly proposed definition of profound autism to surveillance data to estimate the percentage of children with autism who have profound autism and describe their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: We analyzed population-based surveillance data from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network for 20 135 children aged 8 years with autism during 2000-2016. Children were classified as having profound autism if they were nonverbal, were minimally verbal, or had an intelligence quotient <50. Results: The percentage of 8-year-old children with profound autism among those with autism was 26.7%. Compared with children with non–profound autism, children with profound autism were more likely to be female, from racial and ethnic minority groups, of low s...
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022
The supplementary documents was missing in this article and it has been uploaded. The original ar... more The supplementary documents was missing in this article and it has been uploaded. The original article has been revised. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Mar 24, 2023
Problem/Condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered: 2020. Description of System: T... more Problem/Condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered: 2020. Description of System: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance program that provides estimates of the prevalence of ASD among children aged 8 years. In 2020, there were 11 ADDM Network sites across the United States
Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Dec 3, 2021
Problem/Condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered: 2018. Description of System: T... more Problem/Condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered: 2018. Description of System: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network is an active surveillance program that estimates ASD prevalence and monitors timing of ASD identification among children aged 4 and 8 years. This report focuses on children aged 4 years in 2018, who were born in 2014 and had a parent or guardian who lived in the surveillance area in one of 11 sites (Arizona,
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1999
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1996
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1998
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1998
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Aug 1, 1996
environment in which bonnet macaque mothers were given an explicit choice of foraging, being with... more environment in which bonnet macaque mothers were given an explicit choice of foraging, being with their infants, or engaging in some other task. When the To extend previous findings from o u r laboratory, we created an experimental "UXR) CALLS" OF MACACA NIGREXENS. IN I N M X t-E O~ NATIONAL PARK, NoR?H SULPWESI, IWNESIA. S. B.E. MULLIGAN(Z), A. KO€&K?A5(3), AND H. P ? M 3 (4) .
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1998
Journal of Perinatology, Oct 1, 1999
This study tested the hypothesis that highly fretful, narcotic-withdrawing neonates experience le... more This study tested the hypothesis that highly fretful, narcotic-withdrawing neonates experience less distress in a prone-lying position than comparable, supine-lying neonates. STUDY DESIGN: Equivalent numbers of randomly assigned, narcotic-withdrawing newborns were assigned to prone-lying (n ϭ 25) or supine-lying (n ϭ 23) conditions. Subjects in the two groups were similar with regard to gestational age, birth weight, and clinical presentation. Peak and mean withdrawal severity, as measured by Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (NASS) scores and daily caloric intake, were compared between supine and prone groups by Wilcoxon's two-sample test. RESULTS: The prone-lying neonates had lower peak NASS scores (p Ͻ 0.0001), lower mean NASS scores (p Ͻ 0.0001), and lower caloric intake (p Ͻ 0.001) than supine-lying, narcotic-withdrawing newborns. CONCLUSION: The fretfulness associated with neonatal withdrawal and other stressful conditions can be moderated by laying the affected infant prone. The pronate quieting response is a significant, endogenous source of neonatal pacification.
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, Apr 1, 2009
This study evaluated independent effects of maternal and paternal age on risk of autism spectrum ... more This study evaluated independent effects of maternal and paternal age on risk of autism spectrum disorder. A case-cohort design was implemented using data from 10 US study sites participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. The 1994 birth cohort included 253,347 study-site births with complete parental age information. Cases included 1,251 children aged 8 years with complete parental age information from the same birth cohort and identified as having an autism spectrum disorder based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria. After adjustment for the other parent's age, birth order, maternal education, and other covariates, both maternal and paternal age were independently associated with autism (adjusted odds ratio for maternal age 35 vs. 25-29 years ¼ 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.6; adjusted odds ratio for paternal age 40 years vs. 25-29 years ¼ 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.8). Firstborn offspring of 2 older parents were 3 times more likely to develop autism than were third-or later-born offspring of mothers aged 20-34 years and fathers aged <40 years (odds ratio ¼ 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 4.7). The increase in autism risk with both maternal and paternal age has potential implications for public health planning and investigations of autism etiology.
Current Hypertension Reports, Feb 1, 2001
Essential hypertension, particularly systolic hypertension, can be characterized as a disorder of... more Essential hypertension, particularly systolic hypertension, can be characterized as a disorder of aging. The diverse expressions of this disorder represent the interactions of a genetic script, the environment, chance, and a temporal factor. The temporal factor, namely the telomeres, is biological, intrinsic, and dynamic. Telomere length is heritable, is inversely related to pulse pressure, and can be modified by reactive oxygen species. The incorporation of a temporal factor into models of essential hypertension may provide a heretofore missing link explaining variations in age-dependent increase in pulse pressure.
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1997
Pediatric Research, Apr 1, 1997
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Aug 21, 2019
Race-specific time trends in Autism Spectrum Disorder prevalence are tracked among 3-5 year-olds ... more Race-specific time trends in Autism Spectrum Disorder prevalence are tracked among 3-5 year-olds and 8 year-olds identified by the U.S. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network, respectively. White ASD prevalence historically has been higher than other racial groups but plateaued for IDEA birth cohorts from ~ 2004 to 2007 before resuming its increase. Black and Hispanic IDEA prevalence increased continuously and caught up to whites by birth year ~ 2008 and ~ 2013, respectively, with black prevalence subsequently exceeding white prevalence in the majority of states. Plateaus in white prevalence occurred in some ADDM states for birth years 2002-2006, but IDEA trends suggest prevalence will increase across all racial groups in ADDM's birth year 2008 report.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Jul 5, 2018
Services (CDDS)] are calculated using two different methods: (1) constant-age tracking of 8 year-... more Services (CDDS)] are calculated using two different methods: (1) constant-age tracking of 8 year-olds and (2) age-resolved snapshots. The data are consistent across methods in showing a strong upward trend over time. The prevalence of autism in the CDDS dataset, the longest of the three data records, increased from 0.001% in the cohort born in 1931 to 1.2% among 5 year-olds born in 2012. This increase began around ~ 1940 at a rate that has gradually accelerated over time, including notable change points around birth years 1980, 1990 and, most recently, 2007.