Dmytro Mykhailov | Nanjing Normal University (original) (raw)
Papers by Dmytro Mykhailov
Science and Engineering Ethics
This article suggests several design principles intended to assist in the development of ethical ... more This article suggests several design principles intended to assist in the development of ethical algorithms exemplified by the task of fighting fake news. Although numerous algorithmic solutions have been proposed, fake news still remains a wicked socio-technical problem that begs not only engineering but also ethical considerations. We suggest employing insights from ethics of care while maintaining its speculative stance to ask how algorithms and design processes would be different if they generated care and fight fake news. After reviewing the major characteristics of ethics of care and the phases of care, we offer four algorithmic design principles. The first principle highlights the need to develop a strategy to deal with fake news on the part of the software designers. The second principle calls for the involvement of various stakeholders in the design processes in order to increase the chances of successfully fighting fake news. The third principle suggests allowing end-users to report on fake news. Finally, the last principle proposes keeping the end-user updated on the treatment in the suspected news items. Implementing these principles as care practices can render the developmental process more ethically oriented as well as improve the ability to fight fake news.
Phenomenology and The Cognitive Sciences, Apr 12, 2023
This paper revives phenomenological elements to have a better framework for addressing the implic... more This paper revives phenomenological elements to have a better framework for addressing the implications of technologies on society. For this reason, we introduce the motto "back to the technologies themselves" to show how some phenomenological elements, which have not been highlighted in the philosophy of technology so far, can be fruitfully integrated within the postphenomenological analysis. In particular, we introduce the notion of technological intentionality in relation to the passive synthesis in Husserl's phenomenology. Although the notion of technological intentionality has already been coined in postphenomenology, it is "in tension" with the notion of technological mediation since there are still no clear differences between these two concepts and studies on how they relate one to another. The tension between mediation and intentionality arises because it seems intuitively reasonable to suggest that intentionality differs from mediation in a number of ways; however, these elements have not been clearly clarified in postphenomenology so far. To highlight what technological intentionality is and how it differs from mediation, we turn the motto "back to the things themselves" into "back to the technologies themselves," showing how the technologies have to be taken into consideration by themselves. More specifically, we use the concept of passive synthesis developed by Husserl, and we apply it to technologies to show their inner passive activity. The notion of the passive synthesis enables to demonstrate how technologies are able to connect to a wider (technological) environment without the subjects' activity. Consequently, we claim that technologies have their pole of action, and they passively act by themselves.
NaUKMA Research Papers in Philosophy and Religious Studies
Although smart education is one of the most rapidly expanding technological practices nowadays, w... more Although smart education is one of the most rapidly expanding technological practices nowadays, we still don’t know much about the consequences that new educational technologies might have on the future generation of learners. While smart education is often used as an ‘umbrella term’ which covers a wide variety of different trends and approaches in today’s education, it seems useful to narrow the definition of this term before going deeper into the ethical analysis of smart education more in general. Considering this fact, the present paper claims that the smart education domain consists of three main components, namely, smart pedagogy, smart learning, and smart educational technologies. Keeping this in mind in what follows I propose a description of the ethical problems from every component. In the case of smart pedagogy, I emphasize the issue of new responsibilities and new competencies that come with novel digital technologies. In the case of smart learning, I am showing how big ...
Human Affairs
Intelligent algorithms together with various machine learning techniques hold a dominant position... more Intelligent algorithms together with various machine learning techniques hold a dominant position among major challenges for contemporary value sensitive design. Self-learning capabilities of current AI applications blur the causal link between programmer and computer behavior. This creates a vital challenge for the design, development and implementation of digital technologies nowadays. This paper seeks to provide an account of this challenge. The main question that shapes the current analysis is the following: What conceptual tools can be developed within the value sensitive design school of thought for evaluating machine learning algorithms where the causal relation between designers and the behavior of their computer systems has been eroded? The answer to this question will be provided through two levels of investigation within the value sensitive design methodology. The first level is conceptual. Within the conceptual level, we will introduce the notion of computer intentionali...
Last year, the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” celebrated... more Last year, the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” celebrated the 25 th anniversary. This article confines to this very special event and analyzes three important anthropological studies that deal with moral components of human being. The research directions have been formed at the Department since its establishment in 1992.The first part of the article focuses mainly on the Kantian studies. According to Kant’s anthropology, human nature should be explored on two levels: empirical and intelligible. Empirical level deals with general causality and considers the human being as the one entirely determined by nature. The second level considers the man from the perspective of freedom, moral activity, capacity to create aims and legislation. The research primarily gives a general scale of Kantian intelligible anthropology, which appears as a two-dimensional framework and consists of moral anthropological perspective and the one which Kant calls anthropo...
Prometeica - Revista de Filosofía y Ciencias
In the present paper, I take findings from the postphenomenological variation of instrumental rea... more In the present paper, I take findings from the postphenomenological variation of instrumental realism to develop an ‘environmental framework’ to provide a philosophical answer to the ‘problem of representation.’ The framework focuses on three elements of the representational environment, image-making technology, image as a representational device, and scientific hermeneutic strategies occurring within the image interpretation process in the laboratory set-up. The central idea in this regard is that scientific images do not produce meanings without their instrumental environment or that an image becomes representational through the interplay between three framework elements. In the second part of the paper, I apply the framework to contemporary debates on fMRI imaging. I show that fMRI images receive meaning not in isolation but within a complex instrumental environment.
Foundations of Science, Mar 14, 2022
This paper aims to highlight the life of computer technologies to understand what kind of 'techno... more This paper aims to highlight the life of computer technologies to understand what kind of 'technological intentionality' is present in computers based upon the phenomenological elements constituting the objects in general. Such a study can better explain the effects of new digital technologies on our society and highlight the role of digital technologies by focusing on their activities. Even if Husserlian phenomenology rarely talks about technologies, some of its aspects can be used to address the actions performed by the digital technologies by focusing on the objects' inner 'life' thanks to the analysis of passive synthesis and phenomenological horizons in the objects. These elements can be used in computer technologies to show how digital objects are 'alive.' This paper focuses on programs developed through high-order languages like C++ and unsupervised learning techniques like 'Generative Adversarial Model.' The phenomenological analysis reveals the computer's autonomy within the programming stages. At the same time, the conceptual inquiry into the digital system's learning ability shows the alive and changeable nature of the technological object itself.
Last year, the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” celebrated... more Last year, the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” celebrated the 25 th anniversary. This article confines to this very special event and analyzes three important anthropological studies that deal with moral components of human being. The research directions have been formed at the Department since its establishment in 1992. The first part of the article focuses mainly on the Kantian studies. According to Kant’s anthropology, human nature should be explored on two levels: empirical and intelligible. Empirical level deals with general causality and considers the human being as the one entirely determined by nature. The second level considers the man from the perspective of freedom, moral activity, capacity to create aims and legislation. The research primarily gives a general scale of Kantian intelligible anthropology, which appears as a two-dimensional framework and consists of moral anthropological perspective and the one which Kant calls anthrop...
Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 2020
Interest concerning the problem of technological activity has grown in philosophical discussions ... more Interest concerning the problem of technological activity has grown in philosophical discussions during recent decades. The crux of the matter is whether technological objects are mere means for achieving human goals or possess some sort of inherent active quality of their own that influences our behavior, perception, goals, and ethical beliefs. In this article, I aim to show that technology exhibits a specific quality of engagement that can be more clearly understood through the notion of technological intentionality. The term "technological intentionality" was first coined by the postphenomenological school of thought. However, it continues to beg for a more comprehensive and profound elucidation. In my investigation, I introduce the notion of technological intentionality from two major perspectives. The first perspective is deeply intertwined with Husserl's notion of intentionality. Intentionality, in this context, represents an act through which a connection (or unity) between humans and the world can be reached. In my examination of the second perspective, I unpack the notion of technological intentionality and offer a conceptual description of its structure. Here I argue that technological intentionality is a specific sort of active relationship that appears between human consciousness and the world each time a technological object is in use. Technological objects here are not just passive instruments, but they also actively connect us with the environment in which we live.
Human Affairs, 2021
Contemporary medical diagnostics has a dynamic moral landscape, which includes a variety of agent... more Contemporary medical diagnostics has a dynamic moral landscape, which includes a variety of agents, factors, and components. A significant part of this landscape is composed of information technologies that play a vital role in doctors’ decision-making. This paper focuses on the so-called Intelligent Decision-Support System that is widely implemented in the domain of contemporary medical diagnosis. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, I will show that the IDSS may be considered a moral agent in the practice of medicine today. To develop this idea I will introduce the approach to artificial agency provided by Luciano Floridi. Simultaneously, I will situate this approach in the context of contemporary discussions regarding the nature of artificial agency. It is argued here that the IDSS possesses a specific sort of agency, includes several agent features (e.g. autonomy, interactivity, adaptability), and hence, performs an autonomous behavior, which may have a substantial mor...
NaUKMA Research Papers in Philosophy and Religious Studies
З-поміж досліджень, що здійснювалися на базі кафедри філософії та релігієзнавства Національного у... more З-поміж досліджень, що здійснювалися на базі кафедри філософії та релігієзнавства Національного університету «Києво-Могилянська академія» з часу її заснування (1992), значне місце належить філософсько-антропологічній проблематиці. Автор статті зосереджує увагу на такому важливому філософсько-антропологічному питанні, як морально-етична природа людини, й аналізує низку репрезентативних праць києво-могилянських дослідників, у яких це питання набуває, на його думку, доволі плідної розробки. У першій частині статті йдеться про висвітлення відповідної проблематики в контексті вивчення Кантової антропології та філософії Ніцше. Об'єднуючи ці два сюжети спільною перспективою, автор намагається, з одного боку, унаочнити ключові елементи Кантового критичного підходу до морально-етичної природи людини, а з іншого-вказати на інтелектуальний потенціал Ніцшевої думки для сучасних антропологічних студій. У другій частині статті запропоновано ще одну, більш сучасну антропологічну перспективу, що має назву «антропологія техніки». Цю частину дослідження присвячено аналізу засадничих механізмів впливу сучасної техніки на моральну поведінку людини. У межах зазначеного підходу техніка постає як реальний дієвець, який уможливлює, впливає (а подекуди й визначає) поведінку суб'єкта. Ключові слова: Іммануїл Кант, Фрідріх Ніцше, кафедра філософії та релігієзнавства НаУКМА, філософська антропологія, моральна природа людини, технологічна медіація, техніка і етика. Інтелектуальний дискурс ХХ ст.-це складна і різноманітна арабеска проблем, смислів, понять та концептів. Усі вони, належачи до спільного мисленнєвого поля, створюють комплексну концептуальну структуру, яку ми нині називаємо сучасною філософією. Неабияке місце в цій інтелектуальній системі посідає філософська антропологія. Питання про природу
Interest concerning the problem of technological activity has grown in philosophical discussions ... more Interest concerning the problem of technological activity has grown in philosophical discussions during recent decades. The crux of the matter is whether technological objects are mere means for achieving human goals or possess some sort of inherent active quality of their own that influences our behavior, perception, goals, and ethical beliefs. In this article, I aim to show that technology exhibits a specific quality of engagement that can be more clearly understood through the notion of technological intentionality. The term "technological intentionality" was first coined by the postphenomenological school of thought. However, it continues to beg for a more comprehensive and profound elucidation. In my investigation, I introduce the notion of technological intentionality from two major perspectives. The first perspective is deeply intertwined with Husserl's notion of intentionality. Intentionality, in this context, represents an act through which a connection (or unity) between humans and the world can be reached. In my examination of the second perspective, I unpack the notion of technological intentionality and offer a conceptual description of its structure. Here I argue that technological intentionality is a specific sort of active relationship that appears between human consciousness and the world each time a technological object is in use. Technological objects here are not just passive instruments, but they also actively connect us with the environment in which we live.
The paper presents an analysis of the phenomenon of virtual in terms of its conceptual apparatus,... more The paper presents an analysis of the phenomenon of virtual in terms of its conceptual apparatus,
fundamental philosophical and anthropological approaches and values for the virtual state of modern post
anthropology. Now one of the most urgent issues in modern philosophical anthropology is an issue of the
ontological foundations of virtual and its forms of existence in the area of human subjectivity.
In this article the main research direction in postanthropologycal discourse were reviewed. The b... more In this article the main research direction in postanthropologycal discourse were reviewed. The basic
components of subject transformation due to postanthropologycal studies have been identified and examined.
Science and Engineering Ethics
This article suggests several design principles intended to assist in the development of ethical ... more This article suggests several design principles intended to assist in the development of ethical algorithms exemplified by the task of fighting fake news. Although numerous algorithmic solutions have been proposed, fake news still remains a wicked socio-technical problem that begs not only engineering but also ethical considerations. We suggest employing insights from ethics of care while maintaining its speculative stance to ask how algorithms and design processes would be different if they generated care and fight fake news. After reviewing the major characteristics of ethics of care and the phases of care, we offer four algorithmic design principles. The first principle highlights the need to develop a strategy to deal with fake news on the part of the software designers. The second principle calls for the involvement of various stakeholders in the design processes in order to increase the chances of successfully fighting fake news. The third principle suggests allowing end-users to report on fake news. Finally, the last principle proposes keeping the end-user updated on the treatment in the suspected news items. Implementing these principles as care practices can render the developmental process more ethically oriented as well as improve the ability to fight fake news.
Phenomenology and The Cognitive Sciences, Apr 12, 2023
This paper revives phenomenological elements to have a better framework for addressing the implic... more This paper revives phenomenological elements to have a better framework for addressing the implications of technologies on society. For this reason, we introduce the motto "back to the technologies themselves" to show how some phenomenological elements, which have not been highlighted in the philosophy of technology so far, can be fruitfully integrated within the postphenomenological analysis. In particular, we introduce the notion of technological intentionality in relation to the passive synthesis in Husserl's phenomenology. Although the notion of technological intentionality has already been coined in postphenomenology, it is "in tension" with the notion of technological mediation since there are still no clear differences between these two concepts and studies on how they relate one to another. The tension between mediation and intentionality arises because it seems intuitively reasonable to suggest that intentionality differs from mediation in a number of ways; however, these elements have not been clearly clarified in postphenomenology so far. To highlight what technological intentionality is and how it differs from mediation, we turn the motto "back to the things themselves" into "back to the technologies themselves," showing how the technologies have to be taken into consideration by themselves. More specifically, we use the concept of passive synthesis developed by Husserl, and we apply it to technologies to show their inner passive activity. The notion of the passive synthesis enables to demonstrate how technologies are able to connect to a wider (technological) environment without the subjects' activity. Consequently, we claim that technologies have their pole of action, and they passively act by themselves.
NaUKMA Research Papers in Philosophy and Religious Studies
Although smart education is one of the most rapidly expanding technological practices nowadays, w... more Although smart education is one of the most rapidly expanding technological practices nowadays, we still don’t know much about the consequences that new educational technologies might have on the future generation of learners. While smart education is often used as an ‘umbrella term’ which covers a wide variety of different trends and approaches in today’s education, it seems useful to narrow the definition of this term before going deeper into the ethical analysis of smart education more in general. Considering this fact, the present paper claims that the smart education domain consists of three main components, namely, smart pedagogy, smart learning, and smart educational technologies. Keeping this in mind in what follows I propose a description of the ethical problems from every component. In the case of smart pedagogy, I emphasize the issue of new responsibilities and new competencies that come with novel digital technologies. In the case of smart learning, I am showing how big ...
Human Affairs
Intelligent algorithms together with various machine learning techniques hold a dominant position... more Intelligent algorithms together with various machine learning techniques hold a dominant position among major challenges for contemporary value sensitive design. Self-learning capabilities of current AI applications blur the causal link between programmer and computer behavior. This creates a vital challenge for the design, development and implementation of digital technologies nowadays. This paper seeks to provide an account of this challenge. The main question that shapes the current analysis is the following: What conceptual tools can be developed within the value sensitive design school of thought for evaluating machine learning algorithms where the causal relation between designers and the behavior of their computer systems has been eroded? The answer to this question will be provided through two levels of investigation within the value sensitive design methodology. The first level is conceptual. Within the conceptual level, we will introduce the notion of computer intentionali...
Last year, the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” celebrated... more Last year, the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” celebrated the 25 th anniversary. This article confines to this very special event and analyzes three important anthropological studies that deal with moral components of human being. The research directions have been formed at the Department since its establishment in 1992.The first part of the article focuses mainly on the Kantian studies. According to Kant’s anthropology, human nature should be explored on two levels: empirical and intelligible. Empirical level deals with general causality and considers the human being as the one entirely determined by nature. The second level considers the man from the perspective of freedom, moral activity, capacity to create aims and legislation. The research primarily gives a general scale of Kantian intelligible anthropology, which appears as a two-dimensional framework and consists of moral anthropological perspective and the one which Kant calls anthropo...
Prometeica - Revista de Filosofía y Ciencias
In the present paper, I take findings from the postphenomenological variation of instrumental rea... more In the present paper, I take findings from the postphenomenological variation of instrumental realism to develop an ‘environmental framework’ to provide a philosophical answer to the ‘problem of representation.’ The framework focuses on three elements of the representational environment, image-making technology, image as a representational device, and scientific hermeneutic strategies occurring within the image interpretation process in the laboratory set-up. The central idea in this regard is that scientific images do not produce meanings without their instrumental environment or that an image becomes representational through the interplay between three framework elements. In the second part of the paper, I apply the framework to contemporary debates on fMRI imaging. I show that fMRI images receive meaning not in isolation but within a complex instrumental environment.
Foundations of Science, Mar 14, 2022
This paper aims to highlight the life of computer technologies to understand what kind of 'techno... more This paper aims to highlight the life of computer technologies to understand what kind of 'technological intentionality' is present in computers based upon the phenomenological elements constituting the objects in general. Such a study can better explain the effects of new digital technologies on our society and highlight the role of digital technologies by focusing on their activities. Even if Husserlian phenomenology rarely talks about technologies, some of its aspects can be used to address the actions performed by the digital technologies by focusing on the objects' inner 'life' thanks to the analysis of passive synthesis and phenomenological horizons in the objects. These elements can be used in computer technologies to show how digital objects are 'alive.' This paper focuses on programs developed through high-order languages like C++ and unsupervised learning techniques like 'Generative Adversarial Model.' The phenomenological analysis reveals the computer's autonomy within the programming stages. At the same time, the conceptual inquiry into the digital system's learning ability shows the alive and changeable nature of the technological object itself.
Last year, the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” celebrated... more Last year, the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” celebrated the 25 th anniversary. This article confines to this very special event and analyzes three important anthropological studies that deal with moral components of human being. The research directions have been formed at the Department since its establishment in 1992. The first part of the article focuses mainly on the Kantian studies. According to Kant’s anthropology, human nature should be explored on two levels: empirical and intelligible. Empirical level deals with general causality and considers the human being as the one entirely determined by nature. The second level considers the man from the perspective of freedom, moral activity, capacity to create aims and legislation. The research primarily gives a general scale of Kantian intelligible anthropology, which appears as a two-dimensional framework and consists of moral anthropological perspective and the one which Kant calls anthrop...
Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 2020
Interest concerning the problem of technological activity has grown in philosophical discussions ... more Interest concerning the problem of technological activity has grown in philosophical discussions during recent decades. The crux of the matter is whether technological objects are mere means for achieving human goals or possess some sort of inherent active quality of their own that influences our behavior, perception, goals, and ethical beliefs. In this article, I aim to show that technology exhibits a specific quality of engagement that can be more clearly understood through the notion of technological intentionality. The term "technological intentionality" was first coined by the postphenomenological school of thought. However, it continues to beg for a more comprehensive and profound elucidation. In my investigation, I introduce the notion of technological intentionality from two major perspectives. The first perspective is deeply intertwined with Husserl's notion of intentionality. Intentionality, in this context, represents an act through which a connection (or unity) between humans and the world can be reached. In my examination of the second perspective, I unpack the notion of technological intentionality and offer a conceptual description of its structure. Here I argue that technological intentionality is a specific sort of active relationship that appears between human consciousness and the world each time a technological object is in use. Technological objects here are not just passive instruments, but they also actively connect us with the environment in which we live.
Human Affairs, 2021
Contemporary medical diagnostics has a dynamic moral landscape, which includes a variety of agent... more Contemporary medical diagnostics has a dynamic moral landscape, which includes a variety of agents, factors, and components. A significant part of this landscape is composed of information technologies that play a vital role in doctors’ decision-making. This paper focuses on the so-called Intelligent Decision-Support System that is widely implemented in the domain of contemporary medical diagnosis. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, I will show that the IDSS may be considered a moral agent in the practice of medicine today. To develop this idea I will introduce the approach to artificial agency provided by Luciano Floridi. Simultaneously, I will situate this approach in the context of contemporary discussions regarding the nature of artificial agency. It is argued here that the IDSS possesses a specific sort of agency, includes several agent features (e.g. autonomy, interactivity, adaptability), and hence, performs an autonomous behavior, which may have a substantial mor...
NaUKMA Research Papers in Philosophy and Religious Studies
З-поміж досліджень, що здійснювалися на базі кафедри філософії та релігієзнавства Національного у... more З-поміж досліджень, що здійснювалися на базі кафедри філософії та релігієзнавства Національного університету «Києво-Могилянська академія» з часу її заснування (1992), значне місце належить філософсько-антропологічній проблематиці. Автор статті зосереджує увагу на такому важливому філософсько-антропологічному питанні, як морально-етична природа людини, й аналізує низку репрезентативних праць києво-могилянських дослідників, у яких це питання набуває, на його думку, доволі плідної розробки. У першій частині статті йдеться про висвітлення відповідної проблематики в контексті вивчення Кантової антропології та філософії Ніцше. Об'єднуючи ці два сюжети спільною перспективою, автор намагається, з одного боку, унаочнити ключові елементи Кантового критичного підходу до морально-етичної природи людини, а з іншого-вказати на інтелектуальний потенціал Ніцшевої думки для сучасних антропологічних студій. У другій частині статті запропоновано ще одну, більш сучасну антропологічну перспективу, що має назву «антропологія техніки». Цю частину дослідження присвячено аналізу засадничих механізмів впливу сучасної техніки на моральну поведінку людини. У межах зазначеного підходу техніка постає як реальний дієвець, який уможливлює, впливає (а подекуди й визначає) поведінку суб'єкта. Ключові слова: Іммануїл Кант, Фрідріх Ніцше, кафедра філософії та релігієзнавства НаУКМА, філософська антропологія, моральна природа людини, технологічна медіація, техніка і етика. Інтелектуальний дискурс ХХ ст.-це складна і різноманітна арабеска проблем, смислів, понять та концептів. Усі вони, належачи до спільного мисленнєвого поля, створюють комплексну концептуальну структуру, яку ми нині називаємо сучасною філософією. Неабияке місце в цій інтелектуальній системі посідає філософська антропологія. Питання про природу
Interest concerning the problem of technological activity has grown in philosophical discussions ... more Interest concerning the problem of technological activity has grown in philosophical discussions during recent decades. The crux of the matter is whether technological objects are mere means for achieving human goals or possess some sort of inherent active quality of their own that influences our behavior, perception, goals, and ethical beliefs. In this article, I aim to show that technology exhibits a specific quality of engagement that can be more clearly understood through the notion of technological intentionality. The term "technological intentionality" was first coined by the postphenomenological school of thought. However, it continues to beg for a more comprehensive and profound elucidation. In my investigation, I introduce the notion of technological intentionality from two major perspectives. The first perspective is deeply intertwined with Husserl's notion of intentionality. Intentionality, in this context, represents an act through which a connection (or unity) between humans and the world can be reached. In my examination of the second perspective, I unpack the notion of technological intentionality and offer a conceptual description of its structure. Here I argue that technological intentionality is a specific sort of active relationship that appears between human consciousness and the world each time a technological object is in use. Technological objects here are not just passive instruments, but they also actively connect us with the environment in which we live.
The paper presents an analysis of the phenomenon of virtual in terms of its conceptual apparatus,... more The paper presents an analysis of the phenomenon of virtual in terms of its conceptual apparatus,
fundamental philosophical and anthropological approaches and values for the virtual state of modern post
anthropology. Now one of the most urgent issues in modern philosophical anthropology is an issue of the
ontological foundations of virtual and its forms of existence in the area of human subjectivity.
In this article the main research direction in postanthropologycal discourse were reviewed. The b... more In this article the main research direction in postanthropologycal discourse were reviewed. The basic
components of subject transformation due to postanthropologycal studies have been identified and examined.