Louise Stroud | Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (original) (raw)

Papers by Louise Stroud

Europe’s Journal of Psychology

Tests are updated and revised periodically in order to remain current, valid and reliable in a co... more Tests are updated and revised periodically in order to remain current, valid and reliable in a competitive psychological testing industry. Despite the prevalence of test revisions, especially in recent years, a number of authors have commented on the lack of comprehensive guidelines for test revision. Whilst some guideline documents from test associations have mentioned test revision, these guidelines tend to be focussed on test user responsibility, with limited guidance for practitioners embarking on a test revision project. Test revision is expensive and time consuming, leaving little scope for experimentation or trial-and-error. Test revision deserves a comprehensive document that addresses aspects such as what the different types of revision are, when to embark on a revision, what process to follow and how test users should use revised tests. The current study developed a comprehensive and practical set of 23 guidelines across ten phases of a revision project to assist revision ...

British Academy of Childhood Disability

motor scores for 25 children with DCD compared to the typically developing group. Conclusion The ... more motor scores for 25 children with DCD compared to the typically developing group. Conclusion The Psychomotor skills Domain of the new IDS-2 will be a useful addition to the toolkit of assessors working with children and young adults with DCD. The battery also offers a means of assessment across broader domains including Intelligence, Executive Functions and General Development.

Climate Change Working Group

Aims The UK has faced 3 major lockdowns since March 2020 due to the pandemic, affecting access to... more Aims The UK has faced 3 major lockdowns since March 2020 due to the pandemic, affecting access to education, healthcare provision and social activities. Children with Down Syndrome are more likely to have chronic health conditions and require developmental support, therefore are more likely to be impacted by healthcare delays and the move to remote services. Childhood is a crucial time for social, physical, and emotional development so 2 years of disrupted support will have had lifelong consequences. This survey aimed to determine the impact of the pandemic on children under 11 with DS in the UK.

British Paediatric Neurology Association

Figure 1 Initial SDF scores on all patients before staring dramatheraphy show them all falling in... more Figure 1 Initial SDF scores on all patients before staring dramatheraphy show them all falling into the abnormal category

International Child Health Group

PLOS ONE, 2022

Catatonia is a psychomotor abnormality caused by neurological, medical or severe psychiatric diso... more Catatonia is a psychomotor abnormality caused by neurological, medical or severe psychiatric disorders and substances. Its prevalence ranges from less than 10% to just above 60%. Diagnosis may be influenced by the screening tools used. Screening of new admissions to a mental health unit for catatonia was undertaken using three instruments to determine prevalence of catatonia. Participants ranged from age 16 years and over. Recruitment took place from September 2020 to August 2021. The setting was a mental health unit within a general hospital in Nelson Mandela Metro, South Africa. Five assessors were trained by the principal investigator to apply the Bush Francis Screening Instrument (BFCSI), the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 (DSM-5), to assess participants. Clinical and demographic data were collected using a specially designed datasheet. Data analysis was performed to identify significant associations between presence or a...

International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2021

Background Clinical assessment of catatonia includes the use of diagnostic systems, such as the D... more Background Clinical assessment of catatonia includes the use of diagnostic systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), or screening tools such as the Bush Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI)/Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) and the Braunig Catatonia Rating Scale. In this study, we describe the inter-rater reliability (IRR), utilizing the BFCSI, BFCRS, and DSM-5 to screen for catatonia. Methods Data from 10 participants recruited as part of a larger prevalence study (of 135 participants) were used to determine the IRR by five assessors after they were trained in the application of the 14-item BFCSI, 23-item BFCRS, and DSM-5 to assess catatonia in new admissions. Krippendorff’s α was used to compute the IRR, and Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the concordance between screening tools. The study site was a 35-bed acute mental health unit in Dora ...

This article investigates consumer perceptions in the Nelson Mandela Metropole regarding printed ... more This article investigates consumer perceptions in the Nelson Mandela Metropole regarding printed advertisements of pharmaceutical products in order to identify potential risks. A focus group discussed various topics regarding pharmaceutical advertising. Thematic analysis was used as investigative tool. It was established that these advertisements evoke various desires, often contain irrelevant and false information that can lead to misinterpretation, and also often contain unin telligible jargon. Participants believed that photographs and pictures enhance the attractiveness and credibility of products. It was concluded that printed phar maceutical advertisements present potential risks if misunderstood and/or misinterpreted. Bedag op die potensiële risiko's van gedrukte farma seutiese advertensies Hierdie artikel ondersoek verbruikers in die Nelson Mandela Metropool se per sep sies jeens gedrukte advertensies van farmaseutiese produkte ten einde potensiële risiko's te identifiseer. 'n Fokusgroep het verskeie onder werpe ten opsigte van farmaseutiese advertensies bespreek. Tematiese analise is gebruik in die ondersoek. Daar is vasgestel dat farmaseutiese advertensies hunkeringe kan aanwakker, onnodige en vals inligting dikwels tot waninterpretasie kan lei, en soms onverstaanbare taal bevat. Verder word daar geglo dat foto's en prente die aantreklikheid en geloofwaardigheid kan verbeter. Die gevolgtrekking was dat gedrukte farmaseutiese advertensies potensiële risiko's vir verbruikers kan inhou.

BMC Psychology

Background Catatonia is a severe psychomotor disorder that presents as abnormality of movement wh... more Background Catatonia is a severe psychomotor disorder that presents as abnormality of movement which may also be excessive or severely slowed. It often inhibits communication when protracted or severe. In this study we investigated the emotive and cognitive experience of patients with catatonia during a prevalence study in an acute mental health unit from August 2020 to September 2021. The value of this study is the addition of the inner and often unexplored cognitive and emotive experience of patients in the description of the catatonic state, which lends an additional dimension to complement the medical and psychopathological descriptors that have been the focus of most studies on catatonia. Methods Ethical approval was received from the Nelson Mandela University Human Research Committee and convenience sampling was undertaken to recruit participants admitted into an acute mental health unit with catatonia, four to eight weeks after discharge, following admission. The BFCSI and BF...

Awry: Journal of Critical Psychology, Nov 6, 2021

Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2015

This study applied psychobiography to explore the personal development of Zimbabwean novelist Dam... more This study applied psychobiography to explore the personal development of Zimbabwean novelist Dambudzo Marechera – and particularly focus on psychological disintegration. For the evidence, we examined primary and secondary works on his life history with special attention to his literary works. Findings indicate that his early writings were autobiographical in nature, chronicling lived poverty, war and violence experiences. Later writings were somehow surrealistic and unstructured, marking a culmination of significant personal disintegration that started in early childhood. Other ancillary biographical evidence suggests self-perceptions as a cult-like figure, and what appears to be a limited social interest.

Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2016

Correct and early diagnosis of ASD means that parents and professionals are better able to unders... more Correct and early diagnosis of ASD means that parents and professionals are better able to understand and support the child with DS, using autism specific strategies. The dual diagnosis should facilitate a child's access to appropriate educational and health resources (including transition to adult services) and bespoke communication and behavioural interventions. Professionals should be mindful of "diagnostic overshadowing" and consider ASD earlier in childhood.

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 2017

Limited research has been conducted in South Africa regarding the possible long-term effects of c... more Limited research has been conducted in South Africa regarding the possible long-term effects of chronic bullying at school. This research study aimed to explore and describe the possible long-term effect that chronic bullying at school has on victims' self-esteem during young adulthood. The sample consisted of one hundred and one young adult participants who had completed their school education in the Nelson Mandela Metropole within the past sixteen years. Participants were requested to complete a short Biographical Questionnaire, the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire as well as James Battle's Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory for Adults. Results indicated that ninety-one percent of the sample had been involved in bullying behaviours during some stage of their school careers: Three percent as bullies, thirty-one percent as victims and fiftyseven percent as bully-victims (those who are both bullies and victims of bullying). General findings indicated that the parti...

BMJ Open, 2020

Introduction Catatonia arises from serious mental, medical, neurological or toxic conditions. The... more Introduction Catatonia arises from serious mental, medical, neurological or toxic conditions. The prevalence range depends on the setting and the range is anything from 7% to 63% in other countries. South African prevalence rates are currently unknown. The proposed study is a quantitative descriptive study using the Bush Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument as a screening tool with a data capturing information sheet to extract clinical information from patient folders. The study will investigate: (1) prevalence of catatonia, (2) clinical and demographic correlates associated with catatonia, (3) predictors of catatonia, (4) response to treatment and (5) subjective experience of catatonia. Methods and analysis The setting is an acute mental health unit (MHU) within a regional, general medical hospital in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa, which accepts referrals from within the hospital and from outlying clinics. Participants will be recruited from inpatients in the MHU from beginnin...

Limited research has been conducted in South Africa regarding the possible long-term effects of c... more Limited research has been conducted in South Africa regarding the possible long-term effects of chronic bullying at school. This research study aimed to explore and describe the possible long-term effect that chronic bullying at school has on victims’ self-esteem during young adulthood. The sample consisted of one hundred and one young adult participants who had completed their school education in the Nelson Mandela Metropole within the past sixteen years. Participants were requested to complete a short Biographical Questionnaire, the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire as well as James Battle’s Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory for Adults. Results indicated that ninety-one percent of the sample had been involved in bullying behaviours during some stage of their school careers: Three percent as bullies, thirty-one percent as victims and fiftyseven percent as bully-victims (those who are both bullies and victims of bullying). General findings indicated that the participants ha...

PART 1: THEORETICAL OVERVIEW 1. Understanding human development 2. Theories of development PART 2... more PART 1: THEORETICAL OVERVIEW 1. Understanding human development 2. Theories of development PART 2: STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT 3. Prenatal (0-2 yrs) 4. Infancy 5. Early childhood development 6. Middle childhood 7. Adolescence PART 3: CONTEXTUALISING CONTEMPORARY THEMES IN CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT 8. Children and childhood in South Africa 9. Career development 10. Poverty alleviation 11. Children and violence 12. Children and health

Europe’s Journal of Psychology

British Academy of Childhood Disability

Climate Change Working Group

British Paediatric Neurology Association

International Child Health Group

PLOS ONE, 2022

International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2021

BMC Psychology

Awry: Journal of Critical Psychology, Nov 6, 2021

Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2015

Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2016

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 2017

BMJ Open, 2020

Limited research has been conducted in South Africa regarding the possible long-term effects of c... more Limited research has been conducted in South Africa regarding the possible long-term effects of chronic bullying at school. This research study aimed to explore and describe the possible long-term effect that chronic bullying at school has on victims’ self-esteem during young adulthood. The sample consisted of one hundred and one young adult participants who had completed their school education in the Nelson Mandela Metropole within the past sixteen years. Participants were requested to complete a short Biographical Questionnaire, the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire as well as James Battle’s Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory for Adults. Results indicated that ninety-one percent of the sample had been involved in bullying behaviours during some stage of their school careers: Three percent as bullies, thirty-one percent as victims and fiftyseven percent as bully-victims (those who are both bullies and victims of bullying). General findings indicated that the participants ha...