Suraj Ajit | University of Northampton (original) (raw)

Papers by Suraj Ajit

Research paper thumbnail of A Survey of Machine Learning Approaches Applied to Gene Expression Analysis for Cancer Prediction

IEEE Access

Machine learning approaches are powerful techniques commonly employed for developing cancer predi... more Machine learning approaches are powerful techniques commonly employed for developing cancer prediction models using associated gene expression and mutation data. Our survey provides a comprehensive review of recent cancer studies that have employed gene expression data from several cancer types (breast, lung, kidney, ovarian, liver, central nervous system and gallbladder) for survival prediction,tumor identification and stratification. We also provide an overview of biomarker studies that are associated with these cancer types. The survey captures multiple aspects of machine learning associated cancer studies,including cancer classification, cancer prediction, identification of biomarker genes, microarray, and RNA-Seq data. We discuss the technical issues with current cancer prediction models and the corresponding measurement tools for determining the activity levels of gene expression between cancerous tissues and noncancerous tissues. Additionally, we investigate how identifying putative biomarker gene expression patterns can aid in predicting future risk of cancer and inform the provision of personalized treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Fuzzy Scoring Theory Applied to Team-Peer Assessment: Additive vs. Multiplicative Scoring Models on the Signed or Unsigned Unit Interval

SOFA 2018 (AISC 1222), 2021

Teamwork in educational settings for learning and assessment has a long tradition. The reasons, g... more Teamwork in educational settings for learning and assessment has a long tradition. The reasons, goals and methods for introducing teamwork in courses may vary substantially. However, in the end, teamwork must be assessed at the group level as well as on the student level. The lecturer must be able to give students credit points or formal grades for their joint output (pro-duct) as well as for their cooperation in the team (process). Schemes for such multicriteria quantitative assessments appear difficult to define in a plausible way. Over the last five decades, numerous proposals for assessing teamwork processes and products on team and student level have been given using diverse scoring schemes. There is a broad field of empirical research and practical advice about how team-based educational assessment might be set up, implemented , improved, and accepted by staff and students. However, the underlying methodological problems with respect to the merging of several independent measu...

Research paper thumbnail of Performance evaluation of QoS using SIP & IAX2 VVoIP protocols with CODECS

2016 SAI Computing Conference (SAI), 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Capture and Maintenance of Engineering Design Constraints

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Te... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time- consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. However we hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We plan to make these application conditions machine interpretable and investigate how they, together with a domain ontology, can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of ConEditor+: Capture and Maintenance of Constraints in Engineering Design

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor+ that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. Further, we hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We show that an explicit representation of application conditions, in a machine interpretable format, along with the constraints and the domain ontology can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of The role of ontologies in creating & main- taining corporate knowledge: a case study from the aero industry

Research paper thumbnail of Timeslot Interoperability Between Communicating Platforms

Research paper thumbnail of Acquisition and Maintenance of Constraints in Engineering Design. In

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Knowledge Capture, Oct 2, 2005

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) cons... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that a design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor, that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. We hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We plan to make these application conditions machine interpretable and investigate how they, together with a domain ontology, can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of The role of ontologies in creating and maintaining corporate knowledge: a case study from the aero industry

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). The evolving design is described against a jet engine ontology. Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor+ that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. Further, we hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We show that an explicit representation of application conditions, in a machine interpretable format, along with the constraints and the domain ontology can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of Automated test case generation from domain specific models of high-level requirements

Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on research in adaptive and convergent systems - RACS, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of ConEditor+: Capture and Maintenance of Constraints in Engineering Design

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, ... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company’s design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor+ that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. Further, we hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriate...

Research paper thumbnail of A Multi-Layered Approach to the Development of Custom Tactical Data Link Applications

At BAE Systems project teams are working on Tactical Data Link (TDL) development at every stage o... more At BAE Systems project teams are working on Tactical Data Link (TDL) development at every stage of the systems development lifecycle, from concept through to maintenance. The TDL domain is document intensive, the standard for Link 16 alone is over 7000. Platforms are then also required to produce their documents based on these standards. This paper discusses the two main activities being undertaken by the team at the Systems Engineering Innovation Centre in relation to TDL tools. These activities are focused on research and exploitation of previous research. The two activities have differing demands and priorities. As such a shared common multi-layer architecture is proposed for the development of applications under either activity. The architecture has been developed into 4 layers consisting of presentation, business logic, data access and data storage, with custom business objects used to pass messages between layers. Having discussed the multi-layered architecture it is evaluated...

Research paper thumbnail of Model-based tool support for Tactical Data Links: an experience report from the defence domain

Software & Systems Modeling, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Acquisition and maintenance of constraints in engineering design

Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Knowledge capture - K-CAP '05, 2005

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) cons... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that a design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor, that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. We hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We plan to make these application conditions machine interpretable and investigate how they, together with a domain ontology, can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of ConEditor: Tool to Input and Maintain Constraints

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004

We present a tool which helps domain experts capture and maintain constraints. The tool displays ... more We present a tool which helps domain experts capture and maintain constraints. The tool displays parts of an ontology (as classes, sub-classes and properties) in the form of a tree. A number of keywords and operators from a constraint language are also listed. The tool helps a user to create a constraint expression. Additionally, the tool has a facility which allows the user to input tabular data. The expressed constraints can be converted into a standard format, making them portable. It is planned to integrate this tool, ConEditor, with Designers' Workbench, a system that supports human designers.

Research paper thumbnail of The Adoption of e-Government in Arab Countries: The Case for Libya

Countries around the world are adopting e-government as a tool to provide online public services ... more Countries around the world are adopting e-government as a tool to provide online public services to their citizens, businesses and other stakeholders in a manner that reduces cost, saves time, and increases efficiency and effectiveness that leads to high quality services and greater engagement with citizens. However, the adoption of e-government faces many challenges that would act as barriers in the implementation process. Such barriers, be they technical, social or organisational, must be considered carefully before implementation takes place. While there are successful stories of e-government implementation in developed countries, the picture is far from being similar in the developing world. Reports have shown a high rate of failure among most developing countries that have attempted to adopt e-government initiatives. The readiness of such countries has to be at a level that empowers them to deliver successful implementations. Libya is an example of a developing country that is ...

Research paper thumbnail of Capture and Maintenance of Engineering Design Constraints

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT)... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time- consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression...

Research paper thumbnail of The role of ontologies in creating and maintaining corporate knowledge: A case study from the aero industry

Applied Ontology, 2008

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations,... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). The evolving design is described against a jet engine ontology. Cur- rently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert

Research paper thumbnail of Constraint capture and maintenance in engineering design

Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 2008

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) cons... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and timeconsuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. However we hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We plan to make these application conditions machine interpretable and investigate how they, together with a domain ontology, can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of A Multi-Layered Approach to the Development of Custom Tactical Data Link Applications

At BAE Systems project teams are working on Tactical Data Link (TDL) development at every stage o... more At BAE Systems project teams are working on Tactical Data Link (TDL) development at every stage of the systems development lifecycle, from concept through to maintenance. The TDL domain is document intensive, the standard for Link 16 alone is over 7000. Platforms are then also required to produce their documents based on these standards. This paper discusses the two main activities being undertaken by the team at the Systems Engineering Innovation Centre in relation to TDL tools. These activities are focused on research and exploitation of previous research. The two activities have differing demands and priorities. As such a shared common multi-layer architecture is proposed for the development of applications under either activity. The architecture has been developed into 4 layers consisting of presentation, business logic, data access and data storage, with custom business objects used to pass messages between layers. Having discussed the multi-layered architecture it is evaluated with respect to the benefits brought to the two activities. In particular it discusses the difficulties in sharing the architecture with Telelogic DOORS developments and the benefit of the ability to move functionality from research to exploitation quickly.

Research paper thumbnail of A Survey of Machine Learning Approaches Applied to Gene Expression Analysis for Cancer Prediction

IEEE Access

Machine learning approaches are powerful techniques commonly employed for developing cancer predi... more Machine learning approaches are powerful techniques commonly employed for developing cancer prediction models using associated gene expression and mutation data. Our survey provides a comprehensive review of recent cancer studies that have employed gene expression data from several cancer types (breast, lung, kidney, ovarian, liver, central nervous system and gallbladder) for survival prediction,tumor identification and stratification. We also provide an overview of biomarker studies that are associated with these cancer types. The survey captures multiple aspects of machine learning associated cancer studies,including cancer classification, cancer prediction, identification of biomarker genes, microarray, and RNA-Seq data. We discuss the technical issues with current cancer prediction models and the corresponding measurement tools for determining the activity levels of gene expression between cancerous tissues and noncancerous tissues. Additionally, we investigate how identifying putative biomarker gene expression patterns can aid in predicting future risk of cancer and inform the provision of personalized treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Fuzzy Scoring Theory Applied to Team-Peer Assessment: Additive vs. Multiplicative Scoring Models on the Signed or Unsigned Unit Interval

SOFA 2018 (AISC 1222), 2021

Teamwork in educational settings for learning and assessment has a long tradition. The reasons, g... more Teamwork in educational settings for learning and assessment has a long tradition. The reasons, goals and methods for introducing teamwork in courses may vary substantially. However, in the end, teamwork must be assessed at the group level as well as on the student level. The lecturer must be able to give students credit points or formal grades for their joint output (pro-duct) as well as for their cooperation in the team (process). Schemes for such multicriteria quantitative assessments appear difficult to define in a plausible way. Over the last five decades, numerous proposals for assessing teamwork processes and products on team and student level have been given using diverse scoring schemes. There is a broad field of empirical research and practical advice about how team-based educational assessment might be set up, implemented , improved, and accepted by staff and students. However, the underlying methodological problems with respect to the merging of several independent measu...

Research paper thumbnail of Performance evaluation of QoS using SIP & IAX2 VVoIP protocols with CODECS

2016 SAI Computing Conference (SAI), 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Capture and Maintenance of Engineering Design Constraints

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Te... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time- consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. However we hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We plan to make these application conditions machine interpretable and investigate how they, together with a domain ontology, can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of ConEditor+: Capture and Maintenance of Constraints in Engineering Design

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor+ that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. Further, we hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We show that an explicit representation of application conditions, in a machine interpretable format, along with the constraints and the domain ontology can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of The role of ontologies in creating & main- taining corporate knowledge: a case study from the aero industry

Research paper thumbnail of Timeslot Interoperability Between Communicating Platforms

Research paper thumbnail of Acquisition and Maintenance of Constraints in Engineering Design. In

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Knowledge Capture, Oct 2, 2005

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) cons... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that a design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor, that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. We hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We plan to make these application conditions machine interpretable and investigate how they, together with a domain ontology, can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of The role of ontologies in creating and maintaining corporate knowledge: a case study from the aero industry

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). The evolving design is described against a jet engine ontology. Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor+ that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. Further, we hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We show that an explicit representation of application conditions, in a machine interpretable format, along with the constraints and the domain ontology can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of Automated test case generation from domain specific models of high-level requirements

Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on research in adaptive and convergent systems - RACS, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of ConEditor+: Capture and Maintenance of Constraints in Engineering Design

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, ... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company’s design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor+ that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. Further, we hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriate...

Research paper thumbnail of A Multi-Layered Approach to the Development of Custom Tactical Data Link Applications

At BAE Systems project teams are working on Tactical Data Link (TDL) development at every stage o... more At BAE Systems project teams are working on Tactical Data Link (TDL) development at every stage of the systems development lifecycle, from concept through to maintenance. The TDL domain is document intensive, the standard for Link 16 alone is over 7000. Platforms are then also required to produce their documents based on these standards. This paper discusses the two main activities being undertaken by the team at the Systems Engineering Innovation Centre in relation to TDL tools. These activities are focused on research and exploitation of previous research. The two activities have differing demands and priorities. As such a shared common multi-layer architecture is proposed for the development of applications under either activity. The architecture has been developed into 4 layers consisting of presentation, business logic, data access and data storage, with custom business objects used to pass messages between layers. Having discussed the multi-layered architecture it is evaluated...

Research paper thumbnail of Model-based tool support for Tactical Data Links: an experience report from the defence domain

Software & Systems Modeling, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Acquisition and maintenance of constraints in engineering design

Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Knowledge capture - K-CAP '05, 2005

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) cons... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that a design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor, that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. We hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We plan to make these application conditions machine interpretable and investigate how they, together with a domain ontology, can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of ConEditor: Tool to Input and Maintain Constraints

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004

We present a tool which helps domain experts capture and maintain constraints. The tool displays ... more We present a tool which helps domain experts capture and maintain constraints. The tool displays parts of an ontology (as classes, sub-classes and properties) in the form of a tree. A number of keywords and operators from a constraint language are also listed. The tool helps a user to create a constraint expression. Additionally, the tool has a facility which allows the user to input tabular data. The expressed constraints can be converted into a standard format, making them portable. It is planned to integrate this tool, ConEditor, with Designers' Workbench, a system that supports human designers.

Research paper thumbnail of The Adoption of e-Government in Arab Countries: The Case for Libya

Countries around the world are adopting e-government as a tool to provide online public services ... more Countries around the world are adopting e-government as a tool to provide online public services to their citizens, businesses and other stakeholders in a manner that reduces cost, saves time, and increases efficiency and effectiveness that leads to high quality services and greater engagement with citizens. However, the adoption of e-government faces many challenges that would act as barriers in the implementation process. Such barriers, be they technical, social or organisational, must be considered carefully before implementation takes place. While there are successful stories of e-government implementation in developed countries, the picture is far from being similar in the developing world. Reports have shown a high rate of failure among most developing countries that have attempted to adopt e-government initiatives. The readiness of such countries has to be at a level that empowers them to deliver successful implementations. Libya is an example of a developing country that is ...

Research paper thumbnail of Capture and Maintenance of Engineering Design Constraints

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT)... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and time- consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression...

Research paper thumbnail of The role of ontologies in creating and maintaining corporate knowledge: A case study from the aero industry

Applied Ontology, 2008

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations,... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). The evolving design is described against a jet engine ontology. Cur- rently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert

Research paper thumbnail of Constraint capture and maintenance in engineering design

Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 2008

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) cons... more The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls Royce, by making sure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the workbench's knowledge base (KB). This is an error prone and timeconsuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. However we hypothesize that to apply constraints appropriately, it is necessary to understand the context in which each constraint is applicable. We refer to this as "application conditions". We plan to make these application conditions machine interpretable and investigate how they, together with a domain ontology, can be used to support the verification and maintenance of constraints.

Research paper thumbnail of A Multi-Layered Approach to the Development of Custom Tactical Data Link Applications

At BAE Systems project teams are working on Tactical Data Link (TDL) development at every stage o... more At BAE Systems project teams are working on Tactical Data Link (TDL) development at every stage of the systems development lifecycle, from concept through to maintenance. The TDL domain is document intensive, the standard for Link 16 alone is over 7000. Platforms are then also required to produce their documents based on these standards. This paper discusses the two main activities being undertaken by the team at the Systems Engineering Innovation Centre in relation to TDL tools. These activities are focused on research and exploitation of previous research. The two activities have differing demands and priorities. As such a shared common multi-layer architecture is proposed for the development of applications under either activity. The architecture has been developed into 4 layers consisting of presentation, business logic, data access and data storage, with custom business objects used to pass messages between layers. Having discussed the multi-layered architecture it is evaluated with respect to the benefits brought to the two activities. In particular it discusses the difficulties in sharing the architecture with Telelogic DOORS developments and the benefit of the ability to move functionality from research to exploitation quickly.