Kok Weng Ng | The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus (original) (raw)
Papers by Kok Weng Ng
... C h a n g e R eq u irem en t A u x ilia ry S to ra g e K n o w led g e P sy ch o lo g y ... C... more ... C h a n g e R eq u irem en t A u x ilia ry S to ra g e K n o w led g e P sy ch o lo g y ... Cognitive Science: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 31. 2, 193-195. [16]Heiser, J. & Tversky, B. (2005) Arrows in Comprehending and Producing Mechanical Diagrams. Cognitive Science, 30. ...
MyTRIZ Conference 2018 , Malaysia Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia, 2018
The global industries have been bracing themselves for the onslaught of new disruptive technologi... more The global industries have been bracing themselves for the onslaught of new disruptive technologies brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) initiated by the digital transformation. Disruptive technologies based on nine technological pillars of the Fourth Industrial Revolution such as Additive Manufacturing, Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, Internet of Things, Simulation, System Integration, Augmented Reality, Autonomous Robot and Cybersecurity have posed significant challenges to engineers. Engineers need to adapt and improvise their methods and tools to enable them to make use of these technologies to enhance their competitiveness. TRIZ is one of the established methods applied by engineers in top leading enterprises such as Samsung, Intel and others to be more competitive in this increasingly challenging global market. However, with the arrival of the disruptive technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the solutions of TRIZ will be affected. This research work explores and investigates the roles of TRIZ in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and how can TRIZ tools be adapted to complement these disruptive technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Journal of ICT, 18, No. 2 (April) 2019, 2019
Key frame extraction is one of the critical techniques in computer vision fields such as video se... more Key frame extraction is one of the critical techniques in computer vision fields such as video search, video identification and video forgeries detection. The extracted key frames should be sufficient key frames that preserve main actions in a video with compact representation. The objective of this work is to improve our previous action key frames extraction algorithm (AKF) by adapting a threshold which selects action key frames as final key frames. The threshold adaptation was achieved by using the mean value, the standard deviation, and the L1norm instead of the comparison of user summaries evaluation method to obtain a fully automatic video summarisation algorithm, and by eliminating the conditions in selecting the final key frames to reduce the complexity of the algorithm. We have validated our proposed Improved AKF on complex colour video shots instead of the simple grey level video shots. The Improved AKF algorithm was able to extract a compact number of action key frames by preventing redundant key
Journal of ICT, 18, No. 2 (April) 2019, pp: 143–166
144
frames, reduce processing complexity, and preserve sufficient information about the main actions in a video shot. We then evaluated the Improved AKF algorithm with the-state-of-theart algorithms in terms of compression ratio using Paul videos and Shih-Tang dataset. The evaluation results showed that the Improved AKF algorithm achieved better compression ratio and retained sufficient information in the extracted action key frames under different testing video shots. Therefore, the improved AKF algorithm is a suitable technique for applications in computer vision fields such as passive object-based video authentication systems.
PlosOne, 2018
Visual tracking in aerial videos is a challenging task in computer vision and remote sensing tech... more Visual tracking in aerial videos is a challenging task in computer vision and remote sensing technologies due to appearance variation difficulties. Appearance variations are caused by camera and target motion, low resolution noisy images, scale changes, and pose variations. Various approaches have been proposed to deal with appearance variation difficulties in aerial videos, and amongst these methods, the spatiotemporal saliency detection approach reported promising results in the context of moving target detection. However, it is not accurate for moving target detection when visual tracking is performed under appearance variations. In this study, a visual tracking method is proposed based on spatiotemporal saliency and discriminative online learning methods to deal with appearance variations difficulties. Temporal saliency is used to represent moving target regions, and it was extracted based on the frame difference with Sauvola local adaptive thresholding algorithms. The spatial saliency is used to represent the target appearance details in candidate moving regions. SLIC superpixel segmentation, color, and moment features can be used to compute feature uniqueness and spatial compactness of saliency measurements to detect spatial saliency. It is a time consuming process, which prompted the development of a parallel algorithm to optimize and distribute the saliency detection processes that are loaded into the multi-processors. Spatiotemporal saliency is then obtained by combining the temporal and spatial saliencies to represent moving targets. Finally, a discriminative online learning algorithm was applied to generate a sample model based on spatiotemporal saliency. This sample model is then incrementally updated to detect the target in appearance variation conditions. Experiments conducted on the VIVID dataset demonstrated that the proposed visual tracking method is effective and is computationally efficient compared to state-of-the-art methods.
The increasing cost of energy especially with the recent electricity tariff hike in Malaysia has ... more The increasing cost of energy especially with the recent electricity tariff hike in Malaysia has made home owners to be mindful of ways to reduce energy consumption. There are many ways to cut energy consumption at home, fundamentally they can be grouped into two types of approach namely technological and behavioural approach. Both approaches are not easy to implement as the technological one requires replacement of old devices and the behavioural one requires change of lifestyle. In view of this, this research work attempts to apply the theory of inventive problem-solving, TRIZ to solve the problem of increasing consumption of electricity at home. The aim of this research is to derive potential conceptual solutions to help home owners to reduce their energy consumption. The reduction in energy used will also contribute to costsaving for household and the reduction of carbon footprint.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011
... Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2001) 6. Eckert, C., Kelly, I., Stacey, M.: Interactive genera... more ... Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2001) 6. Eckert, C., Kelly, I., Stacey, M.: Interactive generative systems for conceptual design: An empirical perspective. ... 13, 139 156 (2002) 10. Prats, M., Jowers, I., Garner, S., Earl, C.: Improving Product Design via a Shape Grammar Tool. ...
A new population-based search algorithm called the Bees Algorithm (BA) is presented. The algorith... more A new population-based search algorithm called the Bees Algorithm (BA) is presented. The algorithm
mimics the food foraging behaviour of swarms of honey bees. In its basic version, the algorithm performs a
kind of neighbourhood search combined with random search and can be used for both combinatorial
optimisation and functional optimisation. This paper focuses on the latter. Following a description of the
algorithm, the paper gives the results obtained for a number of benchmark problems demonstrating the
efficiency and robustness of the new algorithm.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013
ABSTRACT Automated visual inspection is an important step to assure the quality of printed circui... more ABSTRACT Automated visual inspection is an important step to assure the quality of printed circuit boards (PCB). Component placement errors such as missing, misaligned or incorrectly rotated component are major causes of defects on surface mount PCB. This paper proposes a novel automated visual inspection method for PCB. Typically, the proposed method investigates the integration of theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) and Affine-SIFT image matching techniques to enhance the component placement inspection. Only analytic discussions are presented in this paper to support the potential of the proposed method.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
ABSTRACT With the ever competitive global market swamped with more choices of high-tech gadgets f... more ABSTRACT With the ever competitive global market swamped with more choices of high-tech gadgets from smartphones to head-mounted display eyewear like “Google Glass”, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the key factors to engineering and technological advancement and the bridge to the future. In view of such significant importance, the government of Malaysia has been embarking on national policies to prioritise the education and the programmes on ICT to train and produce highly skilled ICT workers to achieve the nation’s ambition to become a developed country. Despite the government efforts, studies have shown that Malaysia is still currently facing shortage of skilled ICT workers. In view of this shortage of skilled ICT worker problem, a systematic engineering problem solving theory known as TRIZ is applied to generate ideas and potential solutions to solve this problem in this research.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013
ABSTRACT TRIZ contradiction matrix was built after years of study on patent information. Designer... more ABSTRACT TRIZ contradiction matrix was built after years of study on patent information. Designers using TRIZ contradiction matrix have to identify the improving and worsening features of their design problems and determine the inventive principles to solve their design problems. It is common to identify multiple improving and worsening features and with some features more important than the others. With the updated 2003 and 2010 TRIZ contradiction matrix introduced, more features have been added and hence, there is a need for a software tool based on these TRIZ matrices. This paper presents an engineering design support tool based on TRIZ that allows considerations for multiple improving and worsening features and allows designers to prioritise these features using weights to solve their design problems as well as the option to choose the version of TRIZ they prefer.
Procedia Technology, 2013
Patent information and images play important roles to describe the novelty of an invention. Howev... more Patent information and images play important roles to describe the novelty of an invention. However, current patent collections do not support image retrieval and patent images are become almost unsearchable. This paper presents a short review of the existing research work and challenges in patent image retrieval domain. From the review, the image feature extraction step is found to be an important step to match the query and database images successfully. In order to improve the current feature extraction step in image patent retrieval, we propose a patent image retrieval approach based on Affine-SIFT technique. Comparison discussions between the existing feature extraction techniques are presented to assess the potential of this proposed approach.
Volume 2: 29th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Parts A and B, 2009
Designing a new product can be a challenging task particularly for a novice designer. This paper ... more Designing a new product can be a challenging task particularly for a novice designer. This paper explores the application of TRIZ to assist a designer in performing this task within a descriptive design framework. The descriptive design framework permits the designer to track his ideas throughout the design process. The 'technical contradiction matrix' of TRIZ is integrated into this framework to allow it to provide support to designers. This contradiction matrix is adapted to enable designers to assign their levels of belief or preference to contradicting features to solve design problems. This preference assignment allows more emphasis to be placed on the critical features of a design problem. The proposed TRIZbased system was tried out on a novice designer in a case study to design a scheme to support concrete filling between beams.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013
ABSTRACT The process of assembling electronic components on a printed circuit board (PCB) with mo... more ABSTRACT The process of assembling electronic components on a printed circuit board (PCB) with moving board time delay characteristic involves complex co-ordination of a component feeding system, a pick and place system and the positioning movement of the PCB board. Different component arrangements in the feeder system and different assembly paths influence the total assembly time. Reducing the total assembly time can deliver significant cost savings. In this research work, the application of simulation to component assembly enables process engineers to visualise, compare assembly paths and the arrangement of the feeders as well as to verify the total assembly time achieved. This allows the process engineers to make better decision on the planning of the PCB assembly process. The paper shows that simulation when coupled with optimisation techniques enable process engineers to make and plan improvements in PCB assembly times.
Conference Presentations by Kok Weng Ng
5th International Visual Informatics Conference (IVIC 2017), Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, 28-30 November 2017, 2017
Key frame extraction is an important algorithm for video summarisation, video retrieval, and gene... more Key frame extraction is an important algorithm for video summarisation, video retrieval, and generating video fingerprint. The extracted key frames should represent a video sequence in a compact way and brief the main actions to achieve meaningful key frames. Therefore, we present a key frames extraction algorithm based on the L1-norm by accumulating action frames via optical flow method. We then evaluate our proposed algorithm using the action accuracy rate and action error rate of the extracted action frames in comparison to user extraction. The video shot summarisation evaluation shows that our proposed algorithm outperforms the-state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of compression ratio. Our proposed algorithm also achieves approximately 100% and 0.91% for best and worst case in terms of action appearance accuracy in human action dataset KTH in the extracted key frames.
... C h a n g e R eq u irem en t A u x ilia ry S to ra g e K n o w led g e P sy ch o lo g y ... C... more ... C h a n g e R eq u irem en t A u x ilia ry S to ra g e K n o w led g e P sy ch o lo g y ... Cognitive Science: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 31. 2, 193-195. [16]Heiser, J. & Tversky, B. (2005) Arrows in Comprehending and Producing Mechanical Diagrams. Cognitive Science, 30. ...
MyTRIZ Conference 2018 , Malaysia Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia, 2018
The global industries have been bracing themselves for the onslaught of new disruptive technologi... more The global industries have been bracing themselves for the onslaught of new disruptive technologies brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) initiated by the digital transformation. Disruptive technologies based on nine technological pillars of the Fourth Industrial Revolution such as Additive Manufacturing, Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, Internet of Things, Simulation, System Integration, Augmented Reality, Autonomous Robot and Cybersecurity have posed significant challenges to engineers. Engineers need to adapt and improvise their methods and tools to enable them to make use of these technologies to enhance their competitiveness. TRIZ is one of the established methods applied by engineers in top leading enterprises such as Samsung, Intel and others to be more competitive in this increasingly challenging global market. However, with the arrival of the disruptive technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the solutions of TRIZ will be affected. This research work explores and investigates the roles of TRIZ in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and how can TRIZ tools be adapted to complement these disruptive technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Journal of ICT, 18, No. 2 (April) 2019, 2019
Key frame extraction is one of the critical techniques in computer vision fields such as video se... more Key frame extraction is one of the critical techniques in computer vision fields such as video search, video identification and video forgeries detection. The extracted key frames should be sufficient key frames that preserve main actions in a video with compact representation. The objective of this work is to improve our previous action key frames extraction algorithm (AKF) by adapting a threshold which selects action key frames as final key frames. The threshold adaptation was achieved by using the mean value, the standard deviation, and the L1norm instead of the comparison of user summaries evaluation method to obtain a fully automatic video summarisation algorithm, and by eliminating the conditions in selecting the final key frames to reduce the complexity of the algorithm. We have validated our proposed Improved AKF on complex colour video shots instead of the simple grey level video shots. The Improved AKF algorithm was able to extract a compact number of action key frames by preventing redundant key
Journal of ICT, 18, No. 2 (April) 2019, pp: 143–166
144
frames, reduce processing complexity, and preserve sufficient information about the main actions in a video shot. We then evaluated the Improved AKF algorithm with the-state-of-theart algorithms in terms of compression ratio using Paul videos and Shih-Tang dataset. The evaluation results showed that the Improved AKF algorithm achieved better compression ratio and retained sufficient information in the extracted action key frames under different testing video shots. Therefore, the improved AKF algorithm is a suitable technique for applications in computer vision fields such as passive object-based video authentication systems.
PlosOne, 2018
Visual tracking in aerial videos is a challenging task in computer vision and remote sensing tech... more Visual tracking in aerial videos is a challenging task in computer vision and remote sensing technologies due to appearance variation difficulties. Appearance variations are caused by camera and target motion, low resolution noisy images, scale changes, and pose variations. Various approaches have been proposed to deal with appearance variation difficulties in aerial videos, and amongst these methods, the spatiotemporal saliency detection approach reported promising results in the context of moving target detection. However, it is not accurate for moving target detection when visual tracking is performed under appearance variations. In this study, a visual tracking method is proposed based on spatiotemporal saliency and discriminative online learning methods to deal with appearance variations difficulties. Temporal saliency is used to represent moving target regions, and it was extracted based on the frame difference with Sauvola local adaptive thresholding algorithms. The spatial saliency is used to represent the target appearance details in candidate moving regions. SLIC superpixel segmentation, color, and moment features can be used to compute feature uniqueness and spatial compactness of saliency measurements to detect spatial saliency. It is a time consuming process, which prompted the development of a parallel algorithm to optimize and distribute the saliency detection processes that are loaded into the multi-processors. Spatiotemporal saliency is then obtained by combining the temporal and spatial saliencies to represent moving targets. Finally, a discriminative online learning algorithm was applied to generate a sample model based on spatiotemporal saliency. This sample model is then incrementally updated to detect the target in appearance variation conditions. Experiments conducted on the VIVID dataset demonstrated that the proposed visual tracking method is effective and is computationally efficient compared to state-of-the-art methods.
The increasing cost of energy especially with the recent electricity tariff hike in Malaysia has ... more The increasing cost of energy especially with the recent electricity tariff hike in Malaysia has made home owners to be mindful of ways to reduce energy consumption. There are many ways to cut energy consumption at home, fundamentally they can be grouped into two types of approach namely technological and behavioural approach. Both approaches are not easy to implement as the technological one requires replacement of old devices and the behavioural one requires change of lifestyle. In view of this, this research work attempts to apply the theory of inventive problem-solving, TRIZ to solve the problem of increasing consumption of electricity at home. The aim of this research is to derive potential conceptual solutions to help home owners to reduce their energy consumption. The reduction in energy used will also contribute to costsaving for household and the reduction of carbon footprint.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011
... Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2001) 6. Eckert, C., Kelly, I., Stacey, M.: Interactive genera... more ... Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2001) 6. Eckert, C., Kelly, I., Stacey, M.: Interactive generative systems for conceptual design: An empirical perspective. ... 13, 139 156 (2002) 10. Prats, M., Jowers, I., Garner, S., Earl, C.: Improving Product Design via a Shape Grammar Tool. ...
A new population-based search algorithm called the Bees Algorithm (BA) is presented. The algorith... more A new population-based search algorithm called the Bees Algorithm (BA) is presented. The algorithm
mimics the food foraging behaviour of swarms of honey bees. In its basic version, the algorithm performs a
kind of neighbourhood search combined with random search and can be used for both combinatorial
optimisation and functional optimisation. This paper focuses on the latter. Following a description of the
algorithm, the paper gives the results obtained for a number of benchmark problems demonstrating the
efficiency and robustness of the new algorithm.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013
ABSTRACT Automated visual inspection is an important step to assure the quality of printed circui... more ABSTRACT Automated visual inspection is an important step to assure the quality of printed circuit boards (PCB). Component placement errors such as missing, misaligned or incorrectly rotated component are major causes of defects on surface mount PCB. This paper proposes a novel automated visual inspection method for PCB. Typically, the proposed method investigates the integration of theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) and Affine-SIFT image matching techniques to enhance the component placement inspection. Only analytic discussions are presented in this paper to support the potential of the proposed method.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
ABSTRACT With the ever competitive global market swamped with more choices of high-tech gadgets f... more ABSTRACT With the ever competitive global market swamped with more choices of high-tech gadgets from smartphones to head-mounted display eyewear like “Google Glass”, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the key factors to engineering and technological advancement and the bridge to the future. In view of such significant importance, the government of Malaysia has been embarking on national policies to prioritise the education and the programmes on ICT to train and produce highly skilled ICT workers to achieve the nation’s ambition to become a developed country. Despite the government efforts, studies have shown that Malaysia is still currently facing shortage of skilled ICT workers. In view of this shortage of skilled ICT worker problem, a systematic engineering problem solving theory known as TRIZ is applied to generate ideas and potential solutions to solve this problem in this research.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013
ABSTRACT TRIZ contradiction matrix was built after years of study on patent information. Designer... more ABSTRACT TRIZ contradiction matrix was built after years of study on patent information. Designers using TRIZ contradiction matrix have to identify the improving and worsening features of their design problems and determine the inventive principles to solve their design problems. It is common to identify multiple improving and worsening features and with some features more important than the others. With the updated 2003 and 2010 TRIZ contradiction matrix introduced, more features have been added and hence, there is a need for a software tool based on these TRIZ matrices. This paper presents an engineering design support tool based on TRIZ that allows considerations for multiple improving and worsening features and allows designers to prioritise these features using weights to solve their design problems as well as the option to choose the version of TRIZ they prefer.
Procedia Technology, 2013
Patent information and images play important roles to describe the novelty of an invention. Howev... more Patent information and images play important roles to describe the novelty of an invention. However, current patent collections do not support image retrieval and patent images are become almost unsearchable. This paper presents a short review of the existing research work and challenges in patent image retrieval domain. From the review, the image feature extraction step is found to be an important step to match the query and database images successfully. In order to improve the current feature extraction step in image patent retrieval, we propose a patent image retrieval approach based on Affine-SIFT technique. Comparison discussions between the existing feature extraction techniques are presented to assess the potential of this proposed approach.
Volume 2: 29th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Parts A and B, 2009
Designing a new product can be a challenging task particularly for a novice designer. This paper ... more Designing a new product can be a challenging task particularly for a novice designer. This paper explores the application of TRIZ to assist a designer in performing this task within a descriptive design framework. The descriptive design framework permits the designer to track his ideas throughout the design process. The 'technical contradiction matrix' of TRIZ is integrated into this framework to allow it to provide support to designers. This contradiction matrix is adapted to enable designers to assign their levels of belief or preference to contradicting features to solve design problems. This preference assignment allows more emphasis to be placed on the critical features of a design problem. The proposed TRIZbased system was tried out on a novice designer in a case study to design a scheme to support concrete filling between beams.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013
ABSTRACT The process of assembling electronic components on a printed circuit board (PCB) with mo... more ABSTRACT The process of assembling electronic components on a printed circuit board (PCB) with moving board time delay characteristic involves complex co-ordination of a component feeding system, a pick and place system and the positioning movement of the PCB board. Different component arrangements in the feeder system and different assembly paths influence the total assembly time. Reducing the total assembly time can deliver significant cost savings. In this research work, the application of simulation to component assembly enables process engineers to visualise, compare assembly paths and the arrangement of the feeders as well as to verify the total assembly time achieved. This allows the process engineers to make better decision on the planning of the PCB assembly process. The paper shows that simulation when coupled with optimisation techniques enable process engineers to make and plan improvements in PCB assembly times.
5th International Visual Informatics Conference (IVIC 2017), Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, 28-30 November 2017, 2017
Key frame extraction is an important algorithm for video summarisation, video retrieval, and gene... more Key frame extraction is an important algorithm for video summarisation, video retrieval, and generating video fingerprint. The extracted key frames should represent a video sequence in a compact way and brief the main actions to achieve meaningful key frames. Therefore, we present a key frames extraction algorithm based on the L1-norm by accumulating action frames via optical flow method. We then evaluate our proposed algorithm using the action accuracy rate and action error rate of the extracted action frames in comparison to user extraction. The video shot summarisation evaluation shows that our proposed algorithm outperforms the-state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of compression ratio. Our proposed algorithm also achieves approximately 100% and 0.91% for best and worst case in terms of action appearance accuracy in human action dataset KTH in the extracted key frames.