Sheryllynne Haggerty | University of Nottingham (original) (raw)

Papers by Sheryllynne Haggerty

The Economic History Review, Oct 9, 2013

Ideological conformity, following Moscow's lead in Cold War politics-these were elements that sma... more Ideological conformity, following Moscow's lead in Cold War politics-these were elements that smacked of what Mao would later call 'great-power chauvinism'. As Kullaa argues, where the Finns saw their trade and security agreements with the Soviets as a reasonable exchange for their right to retain the essence of independence in their domestic sphere, the Yugoslavs bristled. They could do better in the markets to the West when it came to trade and needed no instruction on how to manage their own domestic or foreign affairs from the Russians. One relative weakness in Kullaa's study is the treatment of non-alignment and its origins. It is clear that Kullaa wants to place Tito at the centre of the non-alignment movement, and by the end of the book Kullaa suggests that Tito's migration from 'neutralism' to 'non-alignment' was completed by 1961. This seems reasonable enough but students of Indian and Egyptian policy in the 1950s would surely insist that Nehru and Nasser were working towards a nonaligned stance long before 1961. It may be that Kullaa can make this case for Tito after 1956, but this is the least developed section of a study that is much more about 'neutralism' than it is about 'non-alignment'. Despite this small deficiency, this is an excellent study that will interest students of the Cold War generally and the role of Finland and Yugoslavia and their respective approaches to 'neutralism' in particular. Perhaps Kullaa can offer a second study that fully examines non-alignment along the lines suggested in this work.

Enterprise and Society, Mar 1, 2010

This paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary experiment. We apply visual analytics to ... more This paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary experiment. We apply visual analytics to study the business networks of a merchant based in Jamaica with extensive commercial links with Liverpool in the late eighteenth century. Social network analysis techniques, and in particular graph theory, have been applied to the quantitative data to understand the dynamics of the networks identified by the merchant's accounts ledger. The network, once constructed and visualised, provides tangible evidence of our case study's level of involvement in the slave trade and slave trade networks between 1779 and 1793. However, social network analysis using graph theory allows us to model the intangible evidence; that is, an examination of the relationships, and therefore dynamics, of this business network. Importantly, this paper identifies the predictive qualities of this research methodology when analysing an historical case study.

Explorations in Economic History, Apr 1, 2011

Recently historians have complicated their understanding of networks. In particular, they have st... more Recently historians have complicated their understanding of networks. In particular, they have started to assess the role of networks in civic and formal arenas. This paper posits a quantitative methodology for a more nuanced and sophisticated analysis of mercantile networks within this environment. It uses visual analytics of Liverpool's business networks comprising political, trade, social and cultural institutions to assess their role in the changing social and economic climate during the period 1750-1810. This paper demonstrates the dynamic role of networks in the shaping of a metropolitan economy and the interplay between the two. In addition, it posits that, as is the case for regional clusters, there is a life cycle of networks. In this way, we are able to see how the networks sustained, nurtured and transformed social and economic activity during this period.

Business History, Dec 1, 2010

a disreputable whole. The work of Peter Bailey and Mike Huggins in British contexts, emphasizing ... more a disreputable whole. The work of Peter Bailey and Mike Huggins in British contexts, emphasizing the ambiguities of the barmaid and of the shifting and flexible aspects of pleasure-related identities, might have provided transferable insights. Prostitutes and ‘civilians’ might share the same leisure spaces (as in the case of the British music hall), as – at times – she is aware, and at times there were problems in identifying who might and might not be a prostitute, as the photograph on page 37 perhaps illustrates. Homosexuality, and male prostitutes, are absent from these pages, although references to the role of messenger boys as intermediaries in sexual transactions conjures up their more direct involvement in British cases such as the Cleveland Street scandal. But the author does show how the ‘red-light district’ (like the British ‘underworld’) developed its own alternative hierarchies of esteem and acceptability. We are also left wondering to what extent ‘red-light districts’ emerged from general urban economic factors of demand, supply and available space, to what extent they were created or (more likely) moulded by civic intervention (apparently not necessarily or even usually municipal, indeed often voluntary), and what the relationship was between these influences (for example, the economic motivations for extending red-light districts to capture higher rents in transitional districts on the fringe of the central business district. The role of ‘city planning’ is ambivalent here, as most of the Committees that investigated this theme were non-governmental and self-constituted in ways and on bases which are not made clear. This really sums up the disappointing aspects of this book: above all its definitional fuzziness and sustained lack of focus. This is a pity, as a great deal of enterprising research is revealed through the footnotes, and this could have been a much more valuable work than it has turned out to be.

BRILL eBooks, 2012

This chapter uses a variety of sources in order to investigate the structure and nature of women ... more This chapter uses a variety of sources in order to investigate the structure and nature of women contribution over the first quarter century of the new republic. These sources include trade directories, the main source providing the quantitative framework for the chapter, supplemented by merchants' accounts, newspapers, bank records, tax records, and Pennsylvania Court of Quarter Sessions records. The trade directories are a source which recorded women by their occupations rather than with regard to their relationship with men, and allow the charting of clear trends in the changing economic activities of women in Philadelphia. The chapter concentrates on the economic activities of white adult single women in early-national Philadelphia. It outlines the main categories of women's work and also considers to a lesser extent work that is less well recorded. Keywords:early-national Philadelphia; economic activities; Philadelphian women; women's work

I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd eBooks, 2003

European History Quarterly, 2013

AJS Review, 2010

Abulafian sources. All of these ideas would eventually become foundational principles of Hasidism... more Abulafian sources. All of these ideas would eventually become foundational principles of Hasidism. In presenting these manifestations of “pure” spirituality, originating in the East but surviving in Polish Hasidism, Fishbane finds himself in useful dialogue with Paul Fenton and Moshe Idel in a fashion that profitably moves the discussion forward. It is to be hoped that this will happen, as Fishbane notes in his mission statement: “Scholarship should aim to converse with multiple audiences as one” (3).

Letters and the Body, 1700–1830

International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics, Oct 1, 2012

Information Management & Computer Security, Oct 7, 2014

The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the recor... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.

Enterprise and Society, Mar 7, 2017

Enterprise & Society

Recent work on white women in Jamaica has shown that they were active participants in Jamaica’s s... more Recent work on white women in Jamaica has shown that they were active participants in Jamaica’s slave economy. This article adds to this recent literature through an innovative use of social network analysis (SNA) to examine the credit networks in which women operated in the thriving eighteenth-century British Atlantic town of Kingston, Jamaica. In particular, it uses closeness and centrality measures to quantify the distinctive role that white women had in local credit networks. These were different from those of men involved in transatlantic trade, but were vital in facilitating female access to credit enabling domestic retail trade. White female traders in particular facilitated female access to credit networks, acting as significant conduits of money and information in ways that were crucial to the local economy. Their connectedness within trade networks increased over time, despite their greater exposure than larger traders to economic shocks. We therefore demonstrate that whit...

The British-Atlantic Trading Community, 1760-1810, 2006

"Using ‘networks’ as an analytical tool in economic and business history is very popular at ... more "Using ‘networks’ as an analytical tool in economic and business history is very popular at present. However, there is very rarely a real attempt to use the social-science theory from which the term is derived. Other terms being used with equally little care are ‘trust’, ‘risk’, ‘obligation’ and ‘reputation’. This is not to say that borrowing from the ‘neo-institutional economics’ is not useful, but that paying it more than merely lip service could be even more so. Preliminary research has shown that these concepts have relevance for the analysis of eighteenth-century trade. The word concept rather than term is used, because contemporaries thought about ‘networks’ but were more likely to call them ‘associations’ or ‘friends’. They were equally concerned about their reputation, but called it their ‘credit’. It is argued that these concepts are useful for historical analysis, but more attention paid to the theory from which they come would produce a more nuanced analysis and facilitate a more particularised language. Furthermore, they will help to demonstrate how, in a period of minimum regulation, the ‘Atlantic system’ worked so efficiently. This paper will be based on interdisciplinary research funded by an ESRC grant. Using Liverpool’s eighteenth-century Atlantic trade as a case study, it will investigate the concepts of networks, trust, risk, obligation and reputation with two main objectives: to assess how far or often these concepts were considered by contemporaries (even if other terms were used); and how far social-science theory can enlighten these concepts when applied directly to the primary sources. For example, the theory of ‘relational cohesion’ demonstrates how actors in a network often stay in a trading relationship due to past successes, even when more profitable opportunities were presented. Repeated business transactions could lead to the relationship having an affective bond in itself. The notion of ‘impersonal trust’ could help us understand why eighteenth-century merchants took the risk of doing business at extremely long distances with contacts that they only knew by name and/or reputation. Certainly merchants dealt with many people at long distances whom they had never met. Ideas on ‘technological’ versus ‘natural’ risk may enlighten whether merchants thought differently about risk regarding shipping, as opposed to with whom they dealt. For example, a slave ship owner wrote to his Captain to guard against bad decision making for “Misfortunes may to be sure happen that human prudence cannot forsee or guard against, but many there are that might be prevented by prudence and a proper attention”. ‘Mutual obligation’ may explain why some merchants extended their networks further and further; whilst others chose to keep potential future calls for help to a minimum. Finally, but by no means least, reputation, or ‘credit’ was the lynchpin of a successful merchant. For example, having trusted in an Irish trader, McDowell, and the system of bills of exchange in general, Liverpool merchant Thomas Leyland was horrified to find that a bill drawn by him had been dishonoured. He wrote to McDowell that “surely you dont consider the consequences of such amatter and how much it injures my credit”. This paper will investigate these themes in order to study the nature of business culture in the eighteenth-century Atlantic. It will argue that there was a common business culture held together by a mentalite understood by all traders. Following a brief overview of some of the concepts being investigated by this project, this paper will take a closer look at networks and trust. Social-exchange theory and notions of trust are often ‘modelled’ in the social-science literature, and comparing these to the reality of eighteenth-century sources highlights both the problems and potential of using such theories in historical context. In particular they allow a nuanced analysis of how business culture functioned on a day-to-day basis. For example, trust was central to the commercial code of conduct at the personal, institutional and general level. Breaking this code of conduct was considered extremely bad practise and those who suffered by such actions felt very personally insulted. Thomas Leyland found out that two supposedly unconnected trading associates in Ireland had colluded against him. He wrote to one of them that “I have since discovered you were a Partner with him in all these transactions, and to remove your distresses, at the time, you sacrificed me”. It will be argued that this inter-disciplinary approach will help us to understand better the mind and business attitudes of the eighteenth-century merchant, and their success in binding the Atlantic economy together."