Marcos (Mark) T Berger | Naval Postgraduate School (original) (raw)
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Papers by Marcos (Mark) T Berger
Geopolitics, 2010
Contrary to the view of some observers who insist that the Cold War was of limited or no relevanc... more Contrary to the view of some observers who insist that the Cold War was of limited or no relevance to the transition from colonies to nation-states after 1945 we argue that the geopolitics of the Cold War played a crucial role in shaping the character and direction of the trajectories of nation-states in Asia, if not the erstwhile Third World as a whole. More particularly, the geopolitics of the Cold War provided the crucial backdrop for the rise and fall of developmental nationalism, while the post–Cold War era has set the scene for an array of cultural nationalisms. These issues are explored with a particular focus on India. The case of India makes clear that it is impossible to separate the emergence of new nation-states and their success or failure after 1945 from the geopolitics of the Cold War. It will also make clear that the shifting geopolitics of the end of the Cold War reinforced the demise of developmental nationalism. Since the late 1980s, the problems facing the nation-states of the former Third World, are being played out in a geo-political context, which includes an important shift from developmental nationalisms to cultural nationalisms, while the nation-state system itself is sliding deeper into crisis against the backdrop of the global framework of ‘genuinely existing’ liberal capitalism and the changing geopolitics of the early twenty-first century.
In the 1970s and 1980s a number of observers argued that the United States had entered a phase of... more In the 1970s and 1980s a number of observers argued that the United States had entered a phase of irreversible decline, in which its economy would not only be overtaken by Japan's, 2 but would prove incapable of underwriting its strategic ambitions. 3 Yet, by the end of the 1990s, following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the seemingly terminal demise of socialism as an alternative to capitalism, to say nothing of the East Asian financial crisis and the remarkable renaissance of the US economy, pessimism was replaced by triumphalism, 4 and expectations about the rise of Asia were eclipsed by visions of a new American century. American observers and strategists routinely talked of a new 'unipolar moment' in which American power was set to enjoy an unrivalled and enduring position of dominance at the heart of a broadly supported, stable international order. 5 The new millennium, however, has witnessed yet another reassessment of America's position.
Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research
ABSTRACT
Latin American Perspectives
Millennium - Journal of International Studies
Political Science Quarterly
Millennium - Journal of International Studies, 1997
Third World Quarterly, 2007
This article is an effort to advance the political and intellectual debate on the theory and prac... more This article is an effort to advance the political and intellectual debate on the theory and practice of nation building in an era of collapsing states. I assume at the outset that we are in the midst of a crisis of the nation-state system as a whole and, thus of the vast majority of its constituent polities. This is not
Third World Quarterly, 2001
In the post-cold war era neoliberal economic policies and an idealised conception of parliamentar... more In the post-cold war era neoliberal economic policies and an idealised conception of parliamentary democracy have emerged as central to a powerful global narrative on capitalism and development. This dominant neoliberal vision is intimately connected to the world-historical shift in power from nation-states to increasingly mobile types of capital and international financial institutions and organisations. This shift, to what has become known as the globalisation project The nation-state and the challenge of global capitalism MARK T BERGER ABSTRACT With the end of the Cold War, economic policies (grounded in romantic conceptions of laissez-faire and validated by neoclassical economics) and political prescriptions (based on the idealisation of representative democracy and legitimated by liberal political science) have emerged as crucial elements in a powerful global discourse on development and modernity. This introductory article argues that a central weakness of the dominant development discourse that emerged after 1945 was the way in which (in the context of decolonisation and the consolidation of the nation-state system), the nation-stat e was enshrined as the key unit of analysis and praxis. Between the mid-1940s and the mid-1970s the dominant development discourse was grounded in the assumption that nation-states were homogenous and natural units of a wider international politico-economic order and that state-mediated national development could, should and would lead to economic, and eventually even political, outcomes beneficial to, or at least in the best interests of, virtually all citizens. In the post-1945 era the nation-state was presented as a constitutive element of capitalist (and socialist) modernity. However, in the late 1970s and early 1980s the emergent globalisation project reconfigured the role of the state and transformed the dominant idea of development. The state-guided national development projects that emerged, or were consolidated, between the 1940s and the 1970s were deeply contradictory even at their zenith, but they have now been increasingly challenged and/or dismantled in the context of the rise of the globalisation project. The article concludes, however, that globalisation also brings with it the promise that a growing array of progressive organisations can build, or are starting to build, the networks that will allow them to move beyond the limitation s of the nation-state and the nation-state system, and to pursue democracy and development in the increasingly globalised political terrain of the post-cold war era.
Third World Quarterly, 2001
Third World Quarterly, 2001
Page 1. Third World Quarterly, Vol 22, No 6, pp 1003-1024, 2001 The break-up of Indonesia? Nation... more Page 1. Third World Quarterly, Vol 22, No 6, pp 1003-1024, 2001 The break-up of Indonesia? Nationalisms after decolonisation and the limits of the nation-state in post-cold war Southeast Asia EDWARD ASPINALL & MARK T BERGER ...
Third World Quarterly, 1998
Geopolitics, 2010
Contrary to the view of some observers who insist that the Cold War was of limited or no relevanc... more Contrary to the view of some observers who insist that the Cold War was of limited or no relevance to the transition from colonies to nation-states after 1945 we argue that the geopolitics of the Cold War played a crucial role in shaping the character and direction of the trajectories of nation-states in Asia, if not the erstwhile Third World as a whole. More particularly, the geopolitics of the Cold War provided the crucial backdrop for the rise and fall of developmental nationalism, while the post–Cold War era has set the scene for an array of cultural nationalisms. These issues are explored with a particular focus on India. The case of India makes clear that it is impossible to separate the emergence of new nation-states and their success or failure after 1945 from the geopolitics of the Cold War. It will also make clear that the shifting geopolitics of the end of the Cold War reinforced the demise of developmental nationalism. Since the late 1980s, the problems facing the nation-states of the former Third World, are being played out in a geo-political context, which includes an important shift from developmental nationalisms to cultural nationalisms, while the nation-state system itself is sliding deeper into crisis against the backdrop of the global framework of ‘genuinely existing’ liberal capitalism and the changing geopolitics of the early twenty-first century.
In the 1970s and 1980s a number of observers argued that the United States had entered a phase of... more In the 1970s and 1980s a number of observers argued that the United States had entered a phase of irreversible decline, in which its economy would not only be overtaken by Japan's, 2 but would prove incapable of underwriting its strategic ambitions. 3 Yet, by the end of the 1990s, following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the seemingly terminal demise of socialism as an alternative to capitalism, to say nothing of the East Asian financial crisis and the remarkable renaissance of the US economy, pessimism was replaced by triumphalism, 4 and expectations about the rise of Asia were eclipsed by visions of a new American century. American observers and strategists routinely talked of a new 'unipolar moment' in which American power was set to enjoy an unrivalled and enduring position of dominance at the heart of a broadly supported, stable international order. 5 The new millennium, however, has witnessed yet another reassessment of America's position.
Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research
ABSTRACT
Latin American Perspectives
Millennium - Journal of International Studies
Political Science Quarterly
Millennium - Journal of International Studies, 1997
Third World Quarterly, 2007
This article is an effort to advance the political and intellectual debate on the theory and prac... more This article is an effort to advance the political and intellectual debate on the theory and practice of nation building in an era of collapsing states. I assume at the outset that we are in the midst of a crisis of the nation-state system as a whole and, thus of the vast majority of its constituent polities. This is not
Third World Quarterly, 2001
In the post-cold war era neoliberal economic policies and an idealised conception of parliamentar... more In the post-cold war era neoliberal economic policies and an idealised conception of parliamentary democracy have emerged as central to a powerful global narrative on capitalism and development. This dominant neoliberal vision is intimately connected to the world-historical shift in power from nation-states to increasingly mobile types of capital and international financial institutions and organisations. This shift, to what has become known as the globalisation project The nation-state and the challenge of global capitalism MARK T BERGER ABSTRACT With the end of the Cold War, economic policies (grounded in romantic conceptions of laissez-faire and validated by neoclassical economics) and political prescriptions (based on the idealisation of representative democracy and legitimated by liberal political science) have emerged as crucial elements in a powerful global discourse on development and modernity. This introductory article argues that a central weakness of the dominant development discourse that emerged after 1945 was the way in which (in the context of decolonisation and the consolidation of the nation-state system), the nation-stat e was enshrined as the key unit of analysis and praxis. Between the mid-1940s and the mid-1970s the dominant development discourse was grounded in the assumption that nation-states were homogenous and natural units of a wider international politico-economic order and that state-mediated national development could, should and would lead to economic, and eventually even political, outcomes beneficial to, or at least in the best interests of, virtually all citizens. In the post-1945 era the nation-state was presented as a constitutive element of capitalist (and socialist) modernity. However, in the late 1970s and early 1980s the emergent globalisation project reconfigured the role of the state and transformed the dominant idea of development. The state-guided national development projects that emerged, or were consolidated, between the 1940s and the 1970s were deeply contradictory even at their zenith, but they have now been increasingly challenged and/or dismantled in the context of the rise of the globalisation project. The article concludes, however, that globalisation also brings with it the promise that a growing array of progressive organisations can build, or are starting to build, the networks that will allow them to move beyond the limitation s of the nation-state and the nation-state system, and to pursue democracy and development in the increasingly globalised political terrain of the post-cold war era.
Third World Quarterly, 2001
Third World Quarterly, 2001
Page 1. Third World Quarterly, Vol 22, No 6, pp 1003-1024, 2001 The break-up of Indonesia? Nation... more Page 1. Third World Quarterly, Vol 22, No 6, pp 1003-1024, 2001 The break-up of Indonesia? Nationalisms after decolonisation and the limits of the nation-state in post-cold war Southeast Asia EDWARD ASPINALL & MARK T BERGER ...
Third World Quarterly, 1998