Simon Jackson | Natural Resources Canada (original) (raw)
Papers by Simon Jackson
We have used LA-MC-ICPMS to determine Cu and Fe isotope ratios in chalcopyrite and pyrite from a ... more We have used LA-MC-ICPMS to determine Cu and Fe isotope ratios in chalcopyrite and pyrite from a stratigraphic section through the stratiform Candelaria Cu-Au deposit. Chalcopyrite ε 65Cu range from -11 to +6 (n = 85), many of which are 65Cu depleted when compared to chalcopyrite from igneous porphyry systems. However, chalcopyrite from the Candelaria open-pit have ε 65Cu overlapping
Lithos, 2004
Mid-Proterozoic calc-alkaline granitoids from southern Norway, and their extrusive equivalents ha... more Mid-Proterozoic calc-alkaline granitoids from southern Norway, and their extrusive equivalents have been dated by LAM-ICPMS U-Pb on zircons to ages ranging from 1.61 to 1.52 Ga; there are no systematic age differences across potential Precambrian terrane boundaries in the region. U-Pb and Lu-Hf data on detrital zircons from metasedimentary gneisses belonging to the arc association show that these were mainly derived from ca. 1.6 Ga arc-related rocks. They also contain a minor but significant fraction of material derived from (at least) two distinct older (1.7-1.8 Ga) sources; one has a clear continental signature, and the other represents juvenile, depleted mantle-derived material. The former component resided in granitoids of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt, the other in mafic rocks related to these granites or to the earliest, subduction-related magmatism in the region. Together with published data from south Norway and southwest Sweden, these findings suggest that the western margin of the Baltic Shield was the site of continuous magmatic arc evolution from at least ca 1.66 to 1.50 Ga. Most of the calc-alkaline metaigneous rocks formed in this period show major-and trace-element characteristics of rocks formed in a normal continental margin magmatic arc. The exceptions are the Stora Le-Marstrand belt in Sweden and the Kongsberg complex of Norway, which have an arc-tholeiitic chemical affinity. The new data from south Norway do not justify a suggestion that the crust on the west side of the Oslo Rift had an early to mid-Proterozoic history different from the crust to the east. Instead, they indicate that the different parts of south Norway and southwest Sweden were situated at the margin of the Baltic Shield throughout the mid-Proterozoic. Changes from arc tholeitic to calc-alkaline magmatism reflect changes with time in the subduction zone system, or lateral differences in subduction zone geometry. The NW American Cordillera may be a useful present-day analogue for the tectonomagmatic evolution of the mid-Proterozoic Baltic margin.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1994
Page 1. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 1965-1970 1965 Comparison between Digestion Procedures for... more Page 1. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 1965-1970 1965 Comparison between Digestion Procedures for the Multielemental Analysis of Milk by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Thamir Alkanani,? James K. Friel,*,t Simon E. Jackson,$ and Henry P. Longericht ...
Chemical Geology, 2011
ABSTRACT Copper isotope fractionation factors have been determined experimentally at temperatures... more ABSTRACT Copper isotope fractionation factors have been determined experimentally at temperatures of 250 and 300°C for fluid salinities of 1, 3, 5 and 7 molal Cl−, and starting acidity of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.6 molar HCl. The experiments, which follow a partial dissolution of natural chalcopyrite in a hydrothermal fluid from 7 to 30days, yield a significant range of leached copper-residual chalcopyrite isotopic fractionations. These appear to be pH, temperature and salinity dependent, with pH showing the greatest apparent control over the magnitude of fractionation. For weakly acidic conditions, preferential incorporation of the light isotope into the leached phase(s) generally occurred. Experiments gained a maximum fractionation magnitude at intermediate pH (4–7), where the leached copper–chalcopyrite fractionation magnitude reached to −1‰, depending on fluid salinity and temperature. Fractionation decreased at higher and lower solubility (pH) conditions. The highest pH experiments showed a small positive fractionation (approx. +0.2 to 0.3‰). Limited reproducibility of the experiments is related to unconstrained physicochemical conditions (primarily pH and fO2). A major control on the fractionation magnitude appears to be the degree of partitioning of Cu between vapor and liquid phases, which is controlled by pH and salinity. The copper-bearing vapor species permitting significant mass transfer to the vapor apparently differ with salinity and temperature. Under certain experimental conditions one or more vapor species forms and produces significant isotopic fractionation between the copper in the liquid and copper in the vapor. The experiments indicate that the likelihood of observing significant isotopic fractionation in hypogene ore forming systems depends on the pH of the mineralizing fluid and the controls over partitioning of Cu between a vapor and liquid phase.
Minerals
The Proterozoic Athabasca Basin hosts a large number of high-grade, large-tonnage unconformity-re... more The Proterozoic Athabasca Basin hosts a large number of high-grade, large-tonnage unconformity-related uranium (U) deposits, many of which are also enriched in rare earth elements (REE). The basin also contains hydrothermal REE mineralization unassociated with U. Previous studies postulated that U and REE were derived from either the basin or the basement; however, the exact source of the metals remains ambiguous. This study provides evidence of U- and REE-rich fluids throughout the Athabasca Basin through laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) mapping of barren sandstone distal to mineralized areas. The results indicate that elevated U and REE concentrations mainly occur in the matrix; there are strong positive correlations between U and REE, Th, P and Sr, and moderate positive correlations between U and Zr, Ba, Fe, Al, K and Ca, but the few spots with the highest U are unrelated to these elements. Quantitative evaluation of the element correlations...
Coupling laser ablation sampling with MC-ICP-MS analysis allows Cu and Fe isotopic compositions t... more Coupling laser ablation sampling with MC-ICP-MS analysis allows Cu and Fe isotopic compositions to be measured rapidly in sulphide minerals with 2_ precision as low as 1 part per 10,000 (1 epsilon unit). This precision is much smaller than the variation typical in many sulphide ore deposits, allowing isotopic variations to be detected in a wide variety of mineralised systems on single-grain to deposit-wide scales [1,2,3]. These data offer, for the first time, a direct approach to identifying the source of metals in hydrothermal deposits. Potentially, they also allow isotopic fingerprinting of particular ore depositional environments, which may possess important exploration significance. A major obstacle to performing laser-based metal isotopic analyses is a systematic and ablation-time-dependent bias (up to 40 _) in the isotopic measurements. Correcting this bias can be achieved by referencing to analyses of an isotopically homogeneous, matrix-matched standard. However, the requirem...
Contributions To Mineralogy and Petrology, 2001
An intramontane collapse basin developed within the hanging wall above the large-scale extensiona... more An intramontane collapse basin developed within the hanging wall above the large-scale extensional Fjord Regional Detachment of NE Greenland in middle to late Devonian times. The continental clastic sediments within the basin are derived locally from Laurentian source rocks, which makes them well suited for a study of the crustal evolution of the source terrain. This is the first integrated
Ninth Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference, Aug 1, 1999
Energ Source, 2001
ABSTRACT
American Laboratory, 1995
ABSTRACT
J Anal Atom Spectrom, 1998
Geochmica Et Cosmochimica Acta, Jul 1, 2008
Economic Geology, 2015
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) hosts a number of porphyry Cu deposits, all associated wit... more The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) hosts a number of porphyry Cu deposits, all associated with calcalkaline granitic rocks and ranging in size from giant to small. Major-and trace-element compositions of whole rocks and zircons grains were measured from 13 ore-bearing intrusions in nine porphyry Cu deposits (with 0.6 to 12 Mt Cu), including Bozshakol, Nurkazghan, Kounrad, Borly, Aktogai, and Koksai in Kazakhstan, Baogutu, and Tuwu-Yandong in China, and Erdenet in Mongolia. All zircon grains show high Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ ratios, ranging from 29 to 592. Higher Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ ratios are recorded at a given crystallization temperature from deposits with larger Cu tonnages. Large (>4 Mt Cu) and intermediate (1.5-4 Mt Cu) size porphyry Cu deposits are associated with granitic intrusions that have zircons with Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ ratios greater than 120. There is also a clear relationship between calculated log (fO 2) values and the size of deposits, with NNO + 2 values separating large and intermediate porphyry deposits from small deposits. The data of zircon Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ ratios and associated oxygen fugacity values in magma from ore-bearing intrusions indicate that more oxidized magmas are associated with the formation of larger porphyry Cu deposits. Such a conclusion may potentially be used in regional exploration for porphyry Cu deposits in the CAOB.
Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 2014
Nature, Jan 19, 2000
The abundances of highly siderophile (iron-loving) elements (HSEs) in the Earth's mantle prov... more The abundances of highly siderophile (iron-loving) elements (HSEs) in the Earth's mantle provide important constraints on models of the Earth's early evolution. It has long been assumed that the relative abundances of HSEs should reflect the composition of chondritic meteorites--which are thought to represent the primordial material from which the Earth was formed. But the non-chondritic abundance ratios recently found in several types of rock derived from the Earth's mantle have been difficult to reconcile with standard models of the Earth's accretion, and have been interpreted as having arisen from the addition to the primitive mantle of either non-chondritic extraterrestrial material or differentiated material from the Earth's core. Here we report in situ laser-ablation analyses of sulphides in mantle-derived rocks which show that these sulphides do not have chondritic HSE patterns, but that different generations of sulphide within single samples show extreme ...
Biological trace element research
Enriched fecal and urine samples were prepared using ion-exchange column chromatography for analy... more Enriched fecal and urine samples were prepared using ion-exchange column chromatography for analysis by Inductively Coupled and Fast Atom Bombardment Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, FAB-MS) to compare precision between methods. Unenriched samples of human milk, feces, and whole blood were prepared similarly to monitor instrumental precision and analytical error. A least squares fit of the ICP-MS results vs the FAB-MS for 70Zn/64Zn gave a slope of 0.98, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of only 0.7%. The results for 68Zn/64Zn gave a slope of 0.82, with a RSD of 14%. For unenriched tissues, all potential interferences were removed by the preparation procedure with no significant differences between preparation for isotope ratios of 70Zn/64Zn, 68Zn/64Zn, 67Zn/64Zn, and 66Zn/64Zn. Poisson counting statistics are a major contribution to the total analytical error indicating the usefulness of this procedure for enrichment studies.
Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 2014
ABSTRACT Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was examined as ... more ABSTRACT Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was examined as a tool for measuring isotopic variation as a function of ablation depth in unpolished zircon from an Archaean metasediment specimen. This technique was able to identify micrometre-thin (> 3 μm) isotopically distinct mineral domains characterised by ca. 100 Myr younger 207Pb/206Pb ages associated with 2s age-uncertainties as low ~ 0.2%, as well as elevated U content relative to grain interiors (up to an order of magnitude). Our calculated drilling rate suggests that each laser pulse excavated depths of ~ 0.06 μm. Ages resolved through the LA-ICP-MS methods overlap the 2s age uncertainties of 207Pb/206Pb ages measured using SIMS depth-profiling on the same zircon population. The rims were further evinced by the detection of relative enrichment (> 3 orders of magnitude) in REE in the outermost micrometres of the same zircon, measured using a different and independent LA-ICP-MS depth-profiling technique. We propose a LA-ICP-MS U-Pb technique capable of quickly identifying and quantifying rims, which are indication of late, yet geologically significant, fluid events that are otherwise undefined.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
We have used LA-MC-ICPMS to determine Cu and Fe isotope ratios in chalcopyrite and pyrite from a ... more We have used LA-MC-ICPMS to determine Cu and Fe isotope ratios in chalcopyrite and pyrite from a stratigraphic section through the stratiform Candelaria Cu-Au deposit. Chalcopyrite ε 65Cu range from -11 to +6 (n = 85), many of which are 65Cu depleted when compared to chalcopyrite from igneous porphyry systems. However, chalcopyrite from the Candelaria open-pit have ε 65Cu overlapping
Lithos, 2004
Mid-Proterozoic calc-alkaline granitoids from southern Norway, and their extrusive equivalents ha... more Mid-Proterozoic calc-alkaline granitoids from southern Norway, and their extrusive equivalents have been dated by LAM-ICPMS U-Pb on zircons to ages ranging from 1.61 to 1.52 Ga; there are no systematic age differences across potential Precambrian terrane boundaries in the region. U-Pb and Lu-Hf data on detrital zircons from metasedimentary gneisses belonging to the arc association show that these were mainly derived from ca. 1.6 Ga arc-related rocks. They also contain a minor but significant fraction of material derived from (at least) two distinct older (1.7-1.8 Ga) sources; one has a clear continental signature, and the other represents juvenile, depleted mantle-derived material. The former component resided in granitoids of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt, the other in mafic rocks related to these granites or to the earliest, subduction-related magmatism in the region. Together with published data from south Norway and southwest Sweden, these findings suggest that the western margin of the Baltic Shield was the site of continuous magmatic arc evolution from at least ca 1.66 to 1.50 Ga. Most of the calc-alkaline metaigneous rocks formed in this period show major-and trace-element characteristics of rocks formed in a normal continental margin magmatic arc. The exceptions are the Stora Le-Marstrand belt in Sweden and the Kongsberg complex of Norway, which have an arc-tholeiitic chemical affinity. The new data from south Norway do not justify a suggestion that the crust on the west side of the Oslo Rift had an early to mid-Proterozoic history different from the crust to the east. Instead, they indicate that the different parts of south Norway and southwest Sweden were situated at the margin of the Baltic Shield throughout the mid-Proterozoic. Changes from arc tholeitic to calc-alkaline magmatism reflect changes with time in the subduction zone system, or lateral differences in subduction zone geometry. The NW American Cordillera may be a useful present-day analogue for the tectonomagmatic evolution of the mid-Proterozoic Baltic margin.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1994
Page 1. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 1965-1970 1965 Comparison between Digestion Procedures for... more Page 1. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 1965-1970 1965 Comparison between Digestion Procedures for the Multielemental Analysis of Milk by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Thamir Alkanani,? James K. Friel,*,t Simon E. Jackson,$ and Henry P. Longericht ...
Chemical Geology, 2011
ABSTRACT Copper isotope fractionation factors have been determined experimentally at temperatures... more ABSTRACT Copper isotope fractionation factors have been determined experimentally at temperatures of 250 and 300°C for fluid salinities of 1, 3, 5 and 7 molal Cl−, and starting acidity of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.6 molar HCl. The experiments, which follow a partial dissolution of natural chalcopyrite in a hydrothermal fluid from 7 to 30days, yield a significant range of leached copper-residual chalcopyrite isotopic fractionations. These appear to be pH, temperature and salinity dependent, with pH showing the greatest apparent control over the magnitude of fractionation. For weakly acidic conditions, preferential incorporation of the light isotope into the leached phase(s) generally occurred. Experiments gained a maximum fractionation magnitude at intermediate pH (4–7), where the leached copper–chalcopyrite fractionation magnitude reached to −1‰, depending on fluid salinity and temperature. Fractionation decreased at higher and lower solubility (pH) conditions. The highest pH experiments showed a small positive fractionation (approx. +0.2 to 0.3‰). Limited reproducibility of the experiments is related to unconstrained physicochemical conditions (primarily pH and fO2). A major control on the fractionation magnitude appears to be the degree of partitioning of Cu between vapor and liquid phases, which is controlled by pH and salinity. The copper-bearing vapor species permitting significant mass transfer to the vapor apparently differ with salinity and temperature. Under certain experimental conditions one or more vapor species forms and produces significant isotopic fractionation between the copper in the liquid and copper in the vapor. The experiments indicate that the likelihood of observing significant isotopic fractionation in hypogene ore forming systems depends on the pH of the mineralizing fluid and the controls over partitioning of Cu between a vapor and liquid phase.
Minerals
The Proterozoic Athabasca Basin hosts a large number of high-grade, large-tonnage unconformity-re... more The Proterozoic Athabasca Basin hosts a large number of high-grade, large-tonnage unconformity-related uranium (U) deposits, many of which are also enriched in rare earth elements (REE). The basin also contains hydrothermal REE mineralization unassociated with U. Previous studies postulated that U and REE were derived from either the basin or the basement; however, the exact source of the metals remains ambiguous. This study provides evidence of U- and REE-rich fluids throughout the Athabasca Basin through laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) mapping of barren sandstone distal to mineralized areas. The results indicate that elevated U and REE concentrations mainly occur in the matrix; there are strong positive correlations between U and REE, Th, P and Sr, and moderate positive correlations between U and Zr, Ba, Fe, Al, K and Ca, but the few spots with the highest U are unrelated to these elements. Quantitative evaluation of the element correlations...
Coupling laser ablation sampling with MC-ICP-MS analysis allows Cu and Fe isotopic compositions t... more Coupling laser ablation sampling with MC-ICP-MS analysis allows Cu and Fe isotopic compositions to be measured rapidly in sulphide minerals with 2_ precision as low as 1 part per 10,000 (1 epsilon unit). This precision is much smaller than the variation typical in many sulphide ore deposits, allowing isotopic variations to be detected in a wide variety of mineralised systems on single-grain to deposit-wide scales [1,2,3]. These data offer, for the first time, a direct approach to identifying the source of metals in hydrothermal deposits. Potentially, they also allow isotopic fingerprinting of particular ore depositional environments, which may possess important exploration significance. A major obstacle to performing laser-based metal isotopic analyses is a systematic and ablation-time-dependent bias (up to 40 _) in the isotopic measurements. Correcting this bias can be achieved by referencing to analyses of an isotopically homogeneous, matrix-matched standard. However, the requirem...
Contributions To Mineralogy and Petrology, 2001
An intramontane collapse basin developed within the hanging wall above the large-scale extensiona... more An intramontane collapse basin developed within the hanging wall above the large-scale extensional Fjord Regional Detachment of NE Greenland in middle to late Devonian times. The continental clastic sediments within the basin are derived locally from Laurentian source rocks, which makes them well suited for a study of the crustal evolution of the source terrain. This is the first integrated
Ninth Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference, Aug 1, 1999
Energ Source, 2001
ABSTRACT
American Laboratory, 1995
ABSTRACT
J Anal Atom Spectrom, 1998
Geochmica Et Cosmochimica Acta, Jul 1, 2008
Economic Geology, 2015
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) hosts a number of porphyry Cu deposits, all associated wit... more The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) hosts a number of porphyry Cu deposits, all associated with calcalkaline granitic rocks and ranging in size from giant to small. Major-and trace-element compositions of whole rocks and zircons grains were measured from 13 ore-bearing intrusions in nine porphyry Cu deposits (with 0.6 to 12 Mt Cu), including Bozshakol, Nurkazghan, Kounrad, Borly, Aktogai, and Koksai in Kazakhstan, Baogutu, and Tuwu-Yandong in China, and Erdenet in Mongolia. All zircon grains show high Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ ratios, ranging from 29 to 592. Higher Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ ratios are recorded at a given crystallization temperature from deposits with larger Cu tonnages. Large (>4 Mt Cu) and intermediate (1.5-4 Mt Cu) size porphyry Cu deposits are associated with granitic intrusions that have zircons with Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ ratios greater than 120. There is also a clear relationship between calculated log (fO 2) values and the size of deposits, with NNO + 2 values separating large and intermediate porphyry deposits from small deposits. The data of zircon Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ ratios and associated oxygen fugacity values in magma from ore-bearing intrusions indicate that more oxidized magmas are associated with the formation of larger porphyry Cu deposits. Such a conclusion may potentially be used in regional exploration for porphyry Cu deposits in the CAOB.
Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 2014
Nature, Jan 19, 2000
The abundances of highly siderophile (iron-loving) elements (HSEs) in the Earth's mantle prov... more The abundances of highly siderophile (iron-loving) elements (HSEs) in the Earth's mantle provide important constraints on models of the Earth's early evolution. It has long been assumed that the relative abundances of HSEs should reflect the composition of chondritic meteorites--which are thought to represent the primordial material from which the Earth was formed. But the non-chondritic abundance ratios recently found in several types of rock derived from the Earth's mantle have been difficult to reconcile with standard models of the Earth's accretion, and have been interpreted as having arisen from the addition to the primitive mantle of either non-chondritic extraterrestrial material or differentiated material from the Earth's core. Here we report in situ laser-ablation analyses of sulphides in mantle-derived rocks which show that these sulphides do not have chondritic HSE patterns, but that different generations of sulphide within single samples show extreme ...
Biological trace element research
Enriched fecal and urine samples were prepared using ion-exchange column chromatography for analy... more Enriched fecal and urine samples were prepared using ion-exchange column chromatography for analysis by Inductively Coupled and Fast Atom Bombardment Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, FAB-MS) to compare precision between methods. Unenriched samples of human milk, feces, and whole blood were prepared similarly to monitor instrumental precision and analytical error. A least squares fit of the ICP-MS results vs the FAB-MS for 70Zn/64Zn gave a slope of 0.98, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of only 0.7%. The results for 68Zn/64Zn gave a slope of 0.82, with a RSD of 14%. For unenriched tissues, all potential interferences were removed by the preparation procedure with no significant differences between preparation for isotope ratios of 70Zn/64Zn, 68Zn/64Zn, 67Zn/64Zn, and 66Zn/64Zn. Poisson counting statistics are a major contribution to the total analytical error indicating the usefulness of this procedure for enrichment studies.
Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 2014
ABSTRACT Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was examined as ... more ABSTRACT Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was examined as a tool for measuring isotopic variation as a function of ablation depth in unpolished zircon from an Archaean metasediment specimen. This technique was able to identify micrometre-thin (> 3 μm) isotopically distinct mineral domains characterised by ca. 100 Myr younger 207Pb/206Pb ages associated with 2s age-uncertainties as low ~ 0.2%, as well as elevated U content relative to grain interiors (up to an order of magnitude). Our calculated drilling rate suggests that each laser pulse excavated depths of ~ 0.06 μm. Ages resolved through the LA-ICP-MS methods overlap the 2s age uncertainties of 207Pb/206Pb ages measured using SIMS depth-profiling on the same zircon population. The rims were further evinced by the detection of relative enrichment (> 3 orders of magnitude) in REE in the outermost micrometres of the same zircon, measured using a different and independent LA-ICP-MS depth-profiling technique. We propose a LA-ICP-MS U-Pb technique capable of quickly identifying and quantifying rims, which are indication of late, yet geologically significant, fluid events that are otherwise undefined.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.