Dr Hesham Mossa | National Research Institute Of Astronomy And Geophysics Nriag (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr Hesham Mossa
Misclassified nonearthquake seismic events like quarry blasts can contaminate the earthquake cata... more Misclassified nonearthquake seismic events like quarry blasts can contaminate the earthquake catalog. The local earthquakes sometimes have similar features as the quarry blasts, which makes manual discrimination difficult and unreliable. Thus, we propose to use the compact convolutional transformer (CCT) and capsule neural network to discriminate between earthquakes and quarry blasts. First, we extract 60 s three-channel seismograms, that is, 10 and 50 s before and after the P-wave arrival time. Then, we transform the time-series data into a time-frequency domain (scalogram) using the continuous wavelet transform. Afterward, we utilize the CCT network to extract the most significant features from the input scalograms. The capsule neural network is utilized to extract the spatial relation between the extracted features using the routing-by-agreement approach (dynamic routing). The capsule neural network extracts different digit vectors for the earthquake and the quarry blast classes, allowing a robust classification accuracy. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using the seismic dataset recorded by the Egyptian Seismic Network. The dataset is divided into 80% for training and 20% for testing. Although the dataset is unbalanced, the proposed algorithm shows promising results. The testing accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 97.31%. The precision, recall, and F1-score are 97.23%, 98.83%, and 98.02%, respectively. In addition, the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional deep learning models, for example, convolutional neural network, ResNet, VGG, and AlexNet networks. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated to enjoy a high-generalization ability through a real-time monitoring experiment.
Old Cairo, also known as Islamic Cairo, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site representing a rich tapes... more Old Cairo, also known as Islamic Cairo, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site representing a rich tapestry of history and culture. Today, among various significant aspects, its cultural heritage necessitates the elaboration of a proactive conservation strategy, which should take advantage of the intrinsic support provided by the efforts documented in the literature that have been made in several scientific fields, disciplines, and directions over the years. Most historic religious monumental buildings in Old Cairo, in particular, not only face the effects of local seismic hazards, which are emphasized by damage by past earthquakes, but also suffer the consequences of several influencing parameters that are unique to the Cairo city context. In this sense, it is known that the structural retrofitting of these monumental buildings requires sound knowledge of technical details and criticalities, based on inspections, numerical simulations, the in-field integration of technologies, and laboratory tests. Many other gaps should also be addressed, and a sound conservation strategy should be elaborated on the basis of a multi-target approach, which could account for the structural engineering perspective but also contextualize the retrofit within the state of the art and the evolution of past events. This is the target of the contemporary "Particular Relevance" bilateral Italy-Egypt "CoReng" project, seeking to define a multidisciplinary strategy for conserving Old Cairo's cultural heritage and focusing primarily on the case study of the Religions Complex. To this end, a review analysis of major oversights and challenges relating to historic monuments in Old Cairo is presented in this paper. Learning from past accidents and experiences is, in fact, the primary supporting basis for elaborating new operational steps and efficient approaches to mitigating challenges and minimizing the consequences of emergency events. As such, this review contribution specifically focuses on the structural vulnerability of historic monumental buildings in Old Cairo, reporting on past efforts, past strategy proposals, research experiences, and trends.
Old Cairo is a unique site in the world because of its historical, cultural, and religious values... more Old Cairo is a unique site in the world because of its historical, cultural, and religious values. Old Cairo, a UNESCO World Heritage site, represents a rich tapestry of history and culture. Its significance lies in its role as a center of Coptic and Islamic civilizations and its preservation of numerous historical monuments. Today, the conservation of cultural heritage demands a proactive approach that integrates a robust multidisciplinary strategy. This approach must consider the unique characteristics of the heritage itself and the extensive research and efforts devoted to various scientific fields and avenues. As a case study, the focus is on the Religions Complex, the target of the "Particular Relevance" bilateral Italy-Egypt "CoReng" project. The historic Religions Complex in Old Cairo, a UN-ESCO World Heritage site, faces significant seismic hazards, threatening its irreplaceable Coptic and Islamic heritage. This research contribution focuses on reviewing and assessing aspects of geological and seismic hazards. This assessment serves as a crucial foundation for future vulnerability analyses and the development of effective retrofitting strategies for the Complex's historic structures. The current work identifies critical vulnerabilities related to sub-surface geology and geotechnical conditions, various deterioration driving forces, rising groundwater levels, and earthquake ground shaking of the complex site to mitigate these risks and ensure the long-term preservation of this invaluable cultural heritage. In addition, attention is given to missing/weak characterization aspects and the proposal of possible future solutions and research developments.
Utilization of Abandoned Oil Well Logs and Seismic Data for Modeling and Assessing Deep Geothermal Energy Resources: A Case Study of the Hammam Faraun Area, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt
Capsule Neural Network Guided by Compact Convolutional Transformer for Discriminating Earthquakes from Quarry Blasts
Seismological Research Letters
Misclassified nonearthquake seismic events like quarry blasts can contaminate the earthquake cata... more Misclassified nonearthquake seismic events like quarry blasts can contaminate the earthquake catalog. The local earthquakes sometimes have similar features as the quarry blasts, which makes manual discrimination difficult and unreliable. Thus, we propose to use the compact convolutional transformer (CCT) and capsule neural network to discriminate between earthquakes and quarry blasts. First, we extract 60 s three-channel seismograms, that is, 10 and 50 s before and after the P-wave arrival time. Then, we transform the time-series data into a time–frequency domain (scalogram) using the continuous wavelet transform. Afterward, we utilize the CCT network to extract the most significant features from the input scalograms. The capsule neural network is utilized to extract the spatial relation between the extracted features using the routing-by-agreement approach (dynamic routing). The capsule neural network extracts different digit vectors for the earthquake and the quarry blast classes,...
Site Response Mapping at Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Using the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio Technique and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation, 2024
Remote Sensing
Quiescent faults may be capable of creating catastrophic earthquakes in locations with moderate a... more Quiescent faults may be capable of creating catastrophic earthquakes in locations with moderate and/or low seismic activity, such as Egypt. This study combines structural, remote sensing (RS), geophysical, and seismic activity data to examine and analyze the relationship between tectonic structures and seismotectonic activity in Egypt. In a new seismo-lineaments map of Egypt, tectonic lineaments of the Egyptian mainland were delineated and classified. The database contains 8000 lineaments that were divided into distinct geographical zones using statistical analysis and general features. Delineated lineaments were integrated with digitized geological and geophysical surface and subsurface faults and geographic information systems (GIS) processing techniques were applied to produce 4249 faults. The spatial distribution of seismic activity was determined to extract 1968 competent faults out of 4249 capable faults (i.e., greater than 10 km and suitably orientated concerning the existing...
Discriminating Earthquakes From Quarry Blasts Using Capsule Neural Network
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
An Optimized Learning Model Augment Analyst Decisions for Seismic Source Discrimination
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Spectral characteristics of P-and S-wave quarry blasts in Aswan region, South Egypt
Journal of African Earth Sciences
Discrimination between earthquakes and quarry blasts in the Aswan region, southern Egypt using P-wave source spectra
We analyzed 3,069 seismic signals from 413 events (112 explosions and 301 shallow earthquakes, de... more We analyzed 3,069 seismic signals from 413 events (112 explosions and 301 shallow earthquakes, depths
NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2020
On 12 October 1992, a moderate earthquake with magnitude, Mw 5.8 was occurred in Cairo; the epice... more On 12 October 1992, a moderate earthquake with magnitude, Mw 5.8 was occurred in Cairo; the epicentre is located 25 km south west of Cairo, resulted in great damage in the surrounding area and extended 300 km away from the epicentre. Subsequently, the government established Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN) under the supervision of National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) with 66 stations of different recording bands (e.g. short period, broadband) for monitoring the seismic activity in and around Egypt. The network started operation since mid-1997 up till now, consider revising 20 years of operation, a lot of changes were done (sensors, digitisers, station locations and even stations name), there is still the absence of adequate documentation of the type of changes made. This article is the first attempt to study the recorded data to track all changes done in the network, as a first step towards a different studies regarding determination of the detection capabilities of ENSN's stations and proposed an optimisation solutions for the current faced problems. A software code was designed under Matlab programme to read around 55,000 recorded events and track different changes that took place during the operational time. The output of this study will affect all related research work including magnitude determination and hazard analysis.
Deterministic scenarios for seismic hazard assessment in Egypt
Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2019
Abstract This study is an extension of the previous works in the field of seismic hazard assessme... more Abstract This study is an extension of the previous works in the field of seismic hazard assessment in Egypt with the aim of making the results more accurate and effective, in view of the worst possible scenarios to assess the seismic hazard. The deterministic seismic hazard approach was applied to assess the hazard in Egypt. An updated earthquake catalog of Egypt was prepared and the aftershocks were screened and removed. All the earthquake sizes were unified to the moment magnitude scale. The earthquake catalog was used to identify and locate, accurately, the possible multi-seismotectonic scenarios in and around Egypt. The controlling earthquake was identified from the effective seismic source. Suitable ground motion equations were used to calculate the hazard from each source. Seismic hazard was calculated from each seismic source with the maximum expected earthquake and the shortest distance (worst scenario) from these sources to specific sites all over Egypt distributed on a grid with 0.45° interval. Hazard maps were produced for the peak ground acceleration and for the 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 s spectral periods for the 50th (median) percentile level for the selected probabilities of exceedance on bedrock condition for various possible seismotectonic models. Finally, the results obtained from the worst case scenarios were compared with the published probabilistic hazard results to ensure the general level of hazard in Egypt.
Local site characteristics and earthquake ground motion parameters around the Nile River, south of Cairo, Egypt
Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2021
Parameters related to local site conditions represent an essential information for earthquake haz... more Parameters related to local site conditions represent an essential information for earthquake hazard evaluation and seismic risk mitigation at any region. In this research, the authors determine the local site characteristics and seismic ground motions around the Nile River, south of Cairo City, Egypt. This area suffered from a moderate earthquake (Mw 5.8) on 12 October 1992 and influenced by a soil liquefaction. Furthermore, the area is covered by soft sediments with large thickness, which may amplify seismic waves and lead to more damage in the event of earthquakes occurrence. Microtremor survey was carried out at six liquefiable sites in the study area by array of seismic stations. The recorded data was analyzed by the Centerless Circular Array (CCA) method to infer the shear wave velocity (Vs). The dispersion curves yielded from this analysis cover frequency range from 2.3 to 13.5 Hz. An inversion process was applied to get the Vs profile. The obtained velocities were averaged at 30 m depth (Vs 30) which in turn have been used for a soil classification and for calculating the bearing capacity of soil. The H/V spectral ratio method was used for an experimental estimation of the site predominant frequency and its corresponding amplitude of seismic waves. Moreover, seismic amplification was calculated using the shear wave velocities. The Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and seismic intensity (MMI) were calculated for the October 12, 1992, earthquake. The results reveal Vs 30 values from 170 to 240 m/s. Soil Class D is predominant in the study area. The amplification factor ranges from 2.5 to 4.5, corresponding to predominant frequency from 0.5 to 1.4 Hz. The allowable bearing capacity ranges from 0.7 to 1.0 Kg/cm 2. The PGA at the surface ranges from 0.16 to 0.4 g. The calculated seismic intensity (MMI) ranges from VII to VIII which are the same with those observed during the 12 October 1992 earthquake. The parameters estimated in this research may effectively contribute to the earthquake risk reduction in the study area.
NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2020
In this work, we publish a moment-local magnitude scale catalogue for the Egyptian National Seism... more In this work, we publish a moment-local magnitude scale catalogue for the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) since 1997 to 2019 as necessary for the study of seismicity and seismic hazard estimation. Every year, the ENSN publish an annual bulletin of local and regional earthquakes recorded by the network with local magnitude (Ml) scale. The ENSN was recorded more than 36,730 approximately for local events since 1997. In this work, the Moment magnitudes (Mw) are computed for small earthquakes using a spectral analysis method, while the Moment magnitudes of moderate and large earthquakes are obtained using a complete waveform inversion and moment tensor techniques. An empirical relationship between moment magnitude (Mw) and local magnitude (Ml) of the earthquakes are developed using a linear regression. The Mw-Ml relationship used in this study was as follows: Mw = 0.69 Ml + 0.58 for earthquakes with magnitude ≤3 Mw = 0.95 Ml -0.15 for earthquakes with magnitude 3< ML≤6 The ENSN local magnitude (Ml) catalogue was converted to a moment magnitude (Mw) catalogue and attached as a supplementary material with this article for use by the researchers and authors in tectonic studies and seismic hazard evaluation of the region.
Re-evaluation of Liquefaction Potentiality for Selected Pre-liquefied Sites Associated with the 1992 Cairo Earthquake
Indian Geotechnical Journal, 2017
A moderate earthquake (Ms = 5.8) was occurred on October 12, 1992 at about 25 km south west of Ca... more A moderate earthquake (Ms = 5.8) was occurred on October 12, 1992 at about 25 km south west of Cairo city—Egypt. It caused large damage to numerous poorly constructed buildings. One of the important seismological phenomenon happened during the earthquake is the soil liquefaction which was associated usually with the occurrence of big sand-boils near the epicenter of the earthquake. Recently different methods are used to re-evaluate the liquefaction potentiality, in this study five different sites that showed high liquefaction potentiality during Cairo earthquake, have been selected to be studied to for re-evaluate liquefaction potentiality in Egypt. Shear wave velocity determination provides a promising tool to calculate the factor of safety (FS) against liquefaction, and resistance evaluation of sandy soils against this phenomenon. Multi-channel analysis of surface wave method as an efficient tool and is here used to infer the velocity profile at the considered sites to be used as input for the calculation of FS as an indication for liquefaction potentiality. The aim of this study is to determine the potentiality of liquefaction phenomenon in the selected sites to be one of soil characteristics input for any further hazard study. The selected five sites are named: Aquaz, Atf, Bedsa, El-Gammal, Zaweit Dahshour showed a liquefaction liquation during the 1992 Cairo earthquake which forced us to re-evaluate and update our knowledge through the recent technique about the liquefaction potentiality at these sites. The FS obtained by using shear wave was compared with the values obtained from SPT from previous studies.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2018
NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2017
Strong ground shaking during earthquakes can greatly affect the ancient monuments and subsequentl... more Strong ground shaking during earthquakes can greatly affect the ancient monuments and subsequently demolish the human heritage. On October 12th 1992, a moderate earthquake (Ms = 5.8) shocked the greater Cairo area causing widespread damages. Unfortunately, the focus of that earthquake is located about 14 km to the south of Zoser pyramid. After the earthquake, the Egyptian Supreme council of antiquities issued an alarm that Zoser pyramid is partially collapsed and international and national efforts are exerted to restore this important human heritage that was built about 4000 years ago. Engineering and geophysical work is thus needed for the restoration process. The definition of the strong motion parameters is one of the required studies since seismically active zone is recorded in its near vicinity. The present study adopted the stochastic method to determine the peak ground motion (acceleration, velocity and displacement) for the three largest earthquakes recorded in the Egypt's seismological history. These earthquakes are Shedwan earthquake with magnitude Ms = 6.9, Aqaba earthquake with magnitude Mw = 7.2 and Cairo (Dahshour earthquake) with magnitude Ms = 5.8. The former two major earthquakes took place few hundred kilometers away. It is logic to have the predominant effects from the epicentral location of the Cairo earthquake; however, the authors wanted to test also the long period effects of the large distance earthquakes expected from the other two earthquakes under consideration. In addition, the dynamic site response was studied using the Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique. HVSR can provide information about the fundamental frequency successfully; however, the ampli
Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 2017
Sabah state in eastern Malaysia, unlike most of the other Malaysian states, is characterized by c... more Sabah state in eastern Malaysia, unlike most of the other Malaysian states, is characterized by common seismological activity; generally an earthquake of moderate magnitude is experienced at an interval of roughly every 20 years, originating mainly from two major sources, either a local source (e.g. Ranau and Lahad Dato) or a regional source (e.g. Kalimantan and South Philippines subductions). The seismicity map of Sabah shows the presence of two zones of distinctive seismicity, these zones are near Ranau (near Kota Kinabalu) and Lahad Datu in the southeast of Sabah. The seismicity record of Ranau begins in 1991, according to the international seismicity bulletins (e.g. United States Geological Survey and the International Seismological Center), and this short record is not sufficient for seismic source characterization. Fortunately, active Quaternary fault systems are delineated in the area. Henceforth, the seismicity of the area is thus determined as line sources referring to these faults. Two main fault systems are believed to be the source of such activities; namely, the Mensaban fault zone and the Crocker fault zone in addition to some other faults in their vicinity. Seismic hazard assessments became a very important and needed study for the extensive developing projects in Sabah especially with the presence of earthquake activities. Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments are adopted for the present work since it can provide the probability of various ground motion levels during expected from future large earthquakes. The output results are presented in terms of spectral acceleration curves and uniform hazard curves for periods of 500, 1000 and 2500 years. Since this is the first time that a complete hazard study has been done for the area, the output will be a base and standard for any future strategic plans in the area.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2015
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Saudi Society for G... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Saudi Society for Geosciences. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Misclassified nonearthquake seismic events like quarry blasts can contaminate the earthquake cata... more Misclassified nonearthquake seismic events like quarry blasts can contaminate the earthquake catalog. The local earthquakes sometimes have similar features as the quarry blasts, which makes manual discrimination difficult and unreliable. Thus, we propose to use the compact convolutional transformer (CCT) and capsule neural network to discriminate between earthquakes and quarry blasts. First, we extract 60 s three-channel seismograms, that is, 10 and 50 s before and after the P-wave arrival time. Then, we transform the time-series data into a time-frequency domain (scalogram) using the continuous wavelet transform. Afterward, we utilize the CCT network to extract the most significant features from the input scalograms. The capsule neural network is utilized to extract the spatial relation between the extracted features using the routing-by-agreement approach (dynamic routing). The capsule neural network extracts different digit vectors for the earthquake and the quarry blast classes, allowing a robust classification accuracy. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using the seismic dataset recorded by the Egyptian Seismic Network. The dataset is divided into 80% for training and 20% for testing. Although the dataset is unbalanced, the proposed algorithm shows promising results. The testing accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 97.31%. The precision, recall, and F1-score are 97.23%, 98.83%, and 98.02%, respectively. In addition, the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional deep learning models, for example, convolutional neural network, ResNet, VGG, and AlexNet networks. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated to enjoy a high-generalization ability through a real-time monitoring experiment.
Old Cairo, also known as Islamic Cairo, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site representing a rich tapes... more Old Cairo, also known as Islamic Cairo, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site representing a rich tapestry of history and culture. Today, among various significant aspects, its cultural heritage necessitates the elaboration of a proactive conservation strategy, which should take advantage of the intrinsic support provided by the efforts documented in the literature that have been made in several scientific fields, disciplines, and directions over the years. Most historic religious monumental buildings in Old Cairo, in particular, not only face the effects of local seismic hazards, which are emphasized by damage by past earthquakes, but also suffer the consequences of several influencing parameters that are unique to the Cairo city context. In this sense, it is known that the structural retrofitting of these monumental buildings requires sound knowledge of technical details and criticalities, based on inspections, numerical simulations, the in-field integration of technologies, and laboratory tests. Many other gaps should also be addressed, and a sound conservation strategy should be elaborated on the basis of a multi-target approach, which could account for the structural engineering perspective but also contextualize the retrofit within the state of the art and the evolution of past events. This is the target of the contemporary "Particular Relevance" bilateral Italy-Egypt "CoReng" project, seeking to define a multidisciplinary strategy for conserving Old Cairo's cultural heritage and focusing primarily on the case study of the Religions Complex. To this end, a review analysis of major oversights and challenges relating to historic monuments in Old Cairo is presented in this paper. Learning from past accidents and experiences is, in fact, the primary supporting basis for elaborating new operational steps and efficient approaches to mitigating challenges and minimizing the consequences of emergency events. As such, this review contribution specifically focuses on the structural vulnerability of historic monumental buildings in Old Cairo, reporting on past efforts, past strategy proposals, research experiences, and trends.
Old Cairo is a unique site in the world because of its historical, cultural, and religious values... more Old Cairo is a unique site in the world because of its historical, cultural, and religious values. Old Cairo, a UNESCO World Heritage site, represents a rich tapestry of history and culture. Its significance lies in its role as a center of Coptic and Islamic civilizations and its preservation of numerous historical monuments. Today, the conservation of cultural heritage demands a proactive approach that integrates a robust multidisciplinary strategy. This approach must consider the unique characteristics of the heritage itself and the extensive research and efforts devoted to various scientific fields and avenues. As a case study, the focus is on the Religions Complex, the target of the "Particular Relevance" bilateral Italy-Egypt "CoReng" project. The historic Religions Complex in Old Cairo, a UN-ESCO World Heritage site, faces significant seismic hazards, threatening its irreplaceable Coptic and Islamic heritage. This research contribution focuses on reviewing and assessing aspects of geological and seismic hazards. This assessment serves as a crucial foundation for future vulnerability analyses and the development of effective retrofitting strategies for the Complex's historic structures. The current work identifies critical vulnerabilities related to sub-surface geology and geotechnical conditions, various deterioration driving forces, rising groundwater levels, and earthquake ground shaking of the complex site to mitigate these risks and ensure the long-term preservation of this invaluable cultural heritage. In addition, attention is given to missing/weak characterization aspects and the proposal of possible future solutions and research developments.
Utilization of Abandoned Oil Well Logs and Seismic Data for Modeling and Assessing Deep Geothermal Energy Resources: A Case Study of the Hammam Faraun Area, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt
Capsule Neural Network Guided by Compact Convolutional Transformer for Discriminating Earthquakes from Quarry Blasts
Seismological Research Letters
Misclassified nonearthquake seismic events like quarry blasts can contaminate the earthquake cata... more Misclassified nonearthquake seismic events like quarry blasts can contaminate the earthquake catalog. The local earthquakes sometimes have similar features as the quarry blasts, which makes manual discrimination difficult and unreliable. Thus, we propose to use the compact convolutional transformer (CCT) and capsule neural network to discriminate between earthquakes and quarry blasts. First, we extract 60 s three-channel seismograms, that is, 10 and 50 s before and after the P-wave arrival time. Then, we transform the time-series data into a time–frequency domain (scalogram) using the continuous wavelet transform. Afterward, we utilize the CCT network to extract the most significant features from the input scalograms. The capsule neural network is utilized to extract the spatial relation between the extracted features using the routing-by-agreement approach (dynamic routing). The capsule neural network extracts different digit vectors for the earthquake and the quarry blast classes,...
Site Response Mapping at Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Using the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio Technique and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation, 2024
Remote Sensing
Quiescent faults may be capable of creating catastrophic earthquakes in locations with moderate a... more Quiescent faults may be capable of creating catastrophic earthquakes in locations with moderate and/or low seismic activity, such as Egypt. This study combines structural, remote sensing (RS), geophysical, and seismic activity data to examine and analyze the relationship between tectonic structures and seismotectonic activity in Egypt. In a new seismo-lineaments map of Egypt, tectonic lineaments of the Egyptian mainland were delineated and classified. The database contains 8000 lineaments that were divided into distinct geographical zones using statistical analysis and general features. Delineated lineaments were integrated with digitized geological and geophysical surface and subsurface faults and geographic information systems (GIS) processing techniques were applied to produce 4249 faults. The spatial distribution of seismic activity was determined to extract 1968 competent faults out of 4249 capable faults (i.e., greater than 10 km and suitably orientated concerning the existing...
Discriminating Earthquakes From Quarry Blasts Using Capsule Neural Network
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
An Optimized Learning Model Augment Analyst Decisions for Seismic Source Discrimination
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Spectral characteristics of P-and S-wave quarry blasts in Aswan region, South Egypt
Journal of African Earth Sciences
Discrimination between earthquakes and quarry blasts in the Aswan region, southern Egypt using P-wave source spectra
We analyzed 3,069 seismic signals from 413 events (112 explosions and 301 shallow earthquakes, de... more We analyzed 3,069 seismic signals from 413 events (112 explosions and 301 shallow earthquakes, depths
NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2020
On 12 October 1992, a moderate earthquake with magnitude, Mw 5.8 was occurred in Cairo; the epice... more On 12 October 1992, a moderate earthquake with magnitude, Mw 5.8 was occurred in Cairo; the epicentre is located 25 km south west of Cairo, resulted in great damage in the surrounding area and extended 300 km away from the epicentre. Subsequently, the government established Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN) under the supervision of National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) with 66 stations of different recording bands (e.g. short period, broadband) for monitoring the seismic activity in and around Egypt. The network started operation since mid-1997 up till now, consider revising 20 years of operation, a lot of changes were done (sensors, digitisers, station locations and even stations name), there is still the absence of adequate documentation of the type of changes made. This article is the first attempt to study the recorded data to track all changes done in the network, as a first step towards a different studies regarding determination of the detection capabilities of ENSN's stations and proposed an optimisation solutions for the current faced problems. A software code was designed under Matlab programme to read around 55,000 recorded events and track different changes that took place during the operational time. The output of this study will affect all related research work including magnitude determination and hazard analysis.
Deterministic scenarios for seismic hazard assessment in Egypt
Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2019
Abstract This study is an extension of the previous works in the field of seismic hazard assessme... more Abstract This study is an extension of the previous works in the field of seismic hazard assessment in Egypt with the aim of making the results more accurate and effective, in view of the worst possible scenarios to assess the seismic hazard. The deterministic seismic hazard approach was applied to assess the hazard in Egypt. An updated earthquake catalog of Egypt was prepared and the aftershocks were screened and removed. All the earthquake sizes were unified to the moment magnitude scale. The earthquake catalog was used to identify and locate, accurately, the possible multi-seismotectonic scenarios in and around Egypt. The controlling earthquake was identified from the effective seismic source. Suitable ground motion equations were used to calculate the hazard from each source. Seismic hazard was calculated from each seismic source with the maximum expected earthquake and the shortest distance (worst scenario) from these sources to specific sites all over Egypt distributed on a grid with 0.45° interval. Hazard maps were produced for the peak ground acceleration and for the 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 s spectral periods for the 50th (median) percentile level for the selected probabilities of exceedance on bedrock condition for various possible seismotectonic models. Finally, the results obtained from the worst case scenarios were compared with the published probabilistic hazard results to ensure the general level of hazard in Egypt.
Local site characteristics and earthquake ground motion parameters around the Nile River, south of Cairo, Egypt
Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2021
Parameters related to local site conditions represent an essential information for earthquake haz... more Parameters related to local site conditions represent an essential information for earthquake hazard evaluation and seismic risk mitigation at any region. In this research, the authors determine the local site characteristics and seismic ground motions around the Nile River, south of Cairo City, Egypt. This area suffered from a moderate earthquake (Mw 5.8) on 12 October 1992 and influenced by a soil liquefaction. Furthermore, the area is covered by soft sediments with large thickness, which may amplify seismic waves and lead to more damage in the event of earthquakes occurrence. Microtremor survey was carried out at six liquefiable sites in the study area by array of seismic stations. The recorded data was analyzed by the Centerless Circular Array (CCA) method to infer the shear wave velocity (Vs). The dispersion curves yielded from this analysis cover frequency range from 2.3 to 13.5 Hz. An inversion process was applied to get the Vs profile. The obtained velocities were averaged at 30 m depth (Vs 30) which in turn have been used for a soil classification and for calculating the bearing capacity of soil. The H/V spectral ratio method was used for an experimental estimation of the site predominant frequency and its corresponding amplitude of seismic waves. Moreover, seismic amplification was calculated using the shear wave velocities. The Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and seismic intensity (MMI) were calculated for the October 12, 1992, earthquake. The results reveal Vs 30 values from 170 to 240 m/s. Soil Class D is predominant in the study area. The amplification factor ranges from 2.5 to 4.5, corresponding to predominant frequency from 0.5 to 1.4 Hz. The allowable bearing capacity ranges from 0.7 to 1.0 Kg/cm 2. The PGA at the surface ranges from 0.16 to 0.4 g. The calculated seismic intensity (MMI) ranges from VII to VIII which are the same with those observed during the 12 October 1992 earthquake. The parameters estimated in this research may effectively contribute to the earthquake risk reduction in the study area.
NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2020
In this work, we publish a moment-local magnitude scale catalogue for the Egyptian National Seism... more In this work, we publish a moment-local magnitude scale catalogue for the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) since 1997 to 2019 as necessary for the study of seismicity and seismic hazard estimation. Every year, the ENSN publish an annual bulletin of local and regional earthquakes recorded by the network with local magnitude (Ml) scale. The ENSN was recorded more than 36,730 approximately for local events since 1997. In this work, the Moment magnitudes (Mw) are computed for small earthquakes using a spectral analysis method, while the Moment magnitudes of moderate and large earthquakes are obtained using a complete waveform inversion and moment tensor techniques. An empirical relationship between moment magnitude (Mw) and local magnitude (Ml) of the earthquakes are developed using a linear regression. The Mw-Ml relationship used in this study was as follows: Mw = 0.69 Ml + 0.58 for earthquakes with magnitude ≤3 Mw = 0.95 Ml -0.15 for earthquakes with magnitude 3< ML≤6 The ENSN local magnitude (Ml) catalogue was converted to a moment magnitude (Mw) catalogue and attached as a supplementary material with this article for use by the researchers and authors in tectonic studies and seismic hazard evaluation of the region.
Re-evaluation of Liquefaction Potentiality for Selected Pre-liquefied Sites Associated with the 1992 Cairo Earthquake
Indian Geotechnical Journal, 2017
A moderate earthquake (Ms = 5.8) was occurred on October 12, 1992 at about 25 km south west of Ca... more A moderate earthquake (Ms = 5.8) was occurred on October 12, 1992 at about 25 km south west of Cairo city—Egypt. It caused large damage to numerous poorly constructed buildings. One of the important seismological phenomenon happened during the earthquake is the soil liquefaction which was associated usually with the occurrence of big sand-boils near the epicenter of the earthquake. Recently different methods are used to re-evaluate the liquefaction potentiality, in this study five different sites that showed high liquefaction potentiality during Cairo earthquake, have been selected to be studied to for re-evaluate liquefaction potentiality in Egypt. Shear wave velocity determination provides a promising tool to calculate the factor of safety (FS) against liquefaction, and resistance evaluation of sandy soils against this phenomenon. Multi-channel analysis of surface wave method as an efficient tool and is here used to infer the velocity profile at the considered sites to be used as input for the calculation of FS as an indication for liquefaction potentiality. The aim of this study is to determine the potentiality of liquefaction phenomenon in the selected sites to be one of soil characteristics input for any further hazard study. The selected five sites are named: Aquaz, Atf, Bedsa, El-Gammal, Zaweit Dahshour showed a liquefaction liquation during the 1992 Cairo earthquake which forced us to re-evaluate and update our knowledge through the recent technique about the liquefaction potentiality at these sites. The FS obtained by using shear wave was compared with the values obtained from SPT from previous studies.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2018
NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2017
Strong ground shaking during earthquakes can greatly affect the ancient monuments and subsequentl... more Strong ground shaking during earthquakes can greatly affect the ancient monuments and subsequently demolish the human heritage. On October 12th 1992, a moderate earthquake (Ms = 5.8) shocked the greater Cairo area causing widespread damages. Unfortunately, the focus of that earthquake is located about 14 km to the south of Zoser pyramid. After the earthquake, the Egyptian Supreme council of antiquities issued an alarm that Zoser pyramid is partially collapsed and international and national efforts are exerted to restore this important human heritage that was built about 4000 years ago. Engineering and geophysical work is thus needed for the restoration process. The definition of the strong motion parameters is one of the required studies since seismically active zone is recorded in its near vicinity. The present study adopted the stochastic method to determine the peak ground motion (acceleration, velocity and displacement) for the three largest earthquakes recorded in the Egypt's seismological history. These earthquakes are Shedwan earthquake with magnitude Ms = 6.9, Aqaba earthquake with magnitude Mw = 7.2 and Cairo (Dahshour earthquake) with magnitude Ms = 5.8. The former two major earthquakes took place few hundred kilometers away. It is logic to have the predominant effects from the epicentral location of the Cairo earthquake; however, the authors wanted to test also the long period effects of the large distance earthquakes expected from the other two earthquakes under consideration. In addition, the dynamic site response was studied using the Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique. HVSR can provide information about the fundamental frequency successfully; however, the ampli
Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 2017
Sabah state in eastern Malaysia, unlike most of the other Malaysian states, is characterized by c... more Sabah state in eastern Malaysia, unlike most of the other Malaysian states, is characterized by common seismological activity; generally an earthquake of moderate magnitude is experienced at an interval of roughly every 20 years, originating mainly from two major sources, either a local source (e.g. Ranau and Lahad Dato) or a regional source (e.g. Kalimantan and South Philippines subductions). The seismicity map of Sabah shows the presence of two zones of distinctive seismicity, these zones are near Ranau (near Kota Kinabalu) and Lahad Datu in the southeast of Sabah. The seismicity record of Ranau begins in 1991, according to the international seismicity bulletins (e.g. United States Geological Survey and the International Seismological Center), and this short record is not sufficient for seismic source characterization. Fortunately, active Quaternary fault systems are delineated in the area. Henceforth, the seismicity of the area is thus determined as line sources referring to these faults. Two main fault systems are believed to be the source of such activities; namely, the Mensaban fault zone and the Crocker fault zone in addition to some other faults in their vicinity. Seismic hazard assessments became a very important and needed study for the extensive developing projects in Sabah especially with the presence of earthquake activities. Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments are adopted for the present work since it can provide the probability of various ground motion levels during expected from future large earthquakes. The output results are presented in terms of spectral acceleration curves and uniform hazard curves for periods of 500, 1000 and 2500 years. Since this is the first time that a complete hazard study has been done for the area, the output will be a base and standard for any future strategic plans in the area.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2015
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