Sultan Araffa | National Research Institute Of Astronomy And Geophysics Nriag (original) (raw)

Papers by Sultan Araffa

Research paper thumbnail of Joint Electromagnetic-Terrain Conductivity and DC-Resistivity Survey for Bedrock and Groundwater Characterization at the New Al-Obour City, Egypt

Iraqi Geological Journal

A multi-spacing electromagnetic–terrain conductivity survey profile and vertical electrical resis... more A multi-spacing electromagnetic–terrain conductivity survey profile and vertical electrical resistivity soundings were carried out at New Al-Obour City, Northeastern Cairo. The chief purpose of this survey was to characterize the bedrock, and groundwater occurrence, and hence to image both the surface and subsurface structures. The water is used mainly to meet the demands of the agricultural sector in the area. Accordingly, a set of sixteen Multi Spacing Electromagnetic Terrian Conductivity profiles and 11 vertical electrical soundings were done from September 2018 to March 2019. The data sets were transformed–inverted comprehensively with regard to stitched one-dimensional (1D) electrical resistivity smoothed-earth models. These sets were used efficiently in the interpretation of the geologic sequence of bedrock through successive conductive anomalies and electrically resistive. Remarkably, the obtained subsurface electrical resistivity structures are coincident with the mapped fie...

Research paper thumbnail of A reconnaissance study for tracing and ordering new mineralisation zones using integrated remote sensing, GIS, and aeromagnetic techniques, west Allaqi-Heiani-Suture,Egypt

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics

Reducing expenses is a critical aspect of natural resource explorations, especially in the reconn... more Reducing expenses is a critical aspect of natural resource explorations, especially in the reconnaissance stage. Accordingly, GIS algorithms using the free remote sensing data were used to rank the probable mineralised zones before any future implementations of the highcost drilling and/or detailed geophysical programmes. Geological and tectonic settings, and being a historical mineral resource were motivations to choose the Allaqi-Heiani Suture (AHS), Upper Egypt, as a study area. Remote sensing data were processed for tracing the probably mineralised alteration zones, determining fractures and dominating structural systems, and mapping different geological units. Various alteration minerals including hydroxyls-carbonates, ferrous and ferric iron oxides were detected over different rock units using band ratio (BR) and Crosta techniques. Different geological units were distinguished using false colour composite (FCC) images. Moreover, an intense fractured system, demonstrating the area, was revealed by tracing lineaments using informative, spatially enhanced remote-sensed images. Fractures within the altered rocks represent 35% of the total fracturing system in the AHS to indicate a structural system controlling mineralisation occurrences. The processing of magnetic data suggested a deep/buried nature of these remotely detected lineaments/structures. Reduced to pole (RTP) and tilt derivative (TDR) maps detected the buried magnetic sources, whereas zero contours of TDR, Euler deconvolution, analytic signal and source parameter imaging (SPI) techniques traced buried contacts/structures and estimated their depths. A GIS strategy depending on the intensity of the fracturing system and the presence of more than one type of alteration was applied to potential-rank the prospective mineralised occurrences over AHS. The correlation between ranked zones with the old/known mines showed encouraging evaluation.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated geophysical interpretation and hydrogeochemistry investigation for groundwater aquifer assessment at El – Farafra depression, Western Desert, Egypt

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated geophysical, remote sensing and geochemical investigation to explore gold-mineralizations and mapping listvenites at Wadi Haimur, Eastern Desert, Egypt

Geocarto International

Although the continuity of gold mining work since Pharaonic times till today, Wadi Haimur is stil... more Although the continuity of gold mining work since Pharaonic times till today, Wadi Haimur is still promised source for gold. Wadi Haimur is located in west Allaqi-Heinai-Suture (AHS), south Eastern Desert of Egypt. Gold mineralization is mainly confined within quartz-carbonate and sulphide-bearing quartz veins within sheared, altered rocks, while listvenitization plays a significant role in gold concentration along the Haimur area. Therefore, critical analyses of remote sensing data were applied to map alteration zones and delineate listvenites. Spatially enhanced images were processed to trace lineaments and weakness zones which may represent pathways of mineralized, ascended hydrothermal fluids. Ground geophysical, magnetic and geoelectric surveys were performed to study the depth-extension of mineralized bodies in the vicinity of the historical mines within Wadi Haimur. Interpretation of land-magnetic data indicates the presence of mineralized veins associated with narrow shear zones. Derivatives and highpass filters were utilized to map shallow mineralized sources and deduce their trends. Upward continuation and low-pass filters were used to detect the deep sources. Depths to magnetic bodies were estimated using Power-Spectrum, Euler and inversion of single anomalies. Geochemical sampling was performed to test the results. According to the remarkable variation in resistivity and chargeability values of resistivity and inducedpolarization tomography profiles, the subsurface lithology was classified and probable mineralized zones within the subsurface were detected. Encouraging results from regolith, trenching, rock-chip sampling and Reverse-Circulation (RC) drilling indicated the extension of auriferous anomalies within the bedrock. Good correlation of RC-holes auriferous anomalies depths and deduced depths from magnetic interpretation was revealed.

Research paper thumbnail of Geophysical investigation for shallow subsurface geotechnical problems of Mokattam area, Cairo, Egypt

Environmental Earth Sciences, 2009

Nine vertical electrical soundings of Schlumberger configuration were measured with AB/2 = 1–500 ... more Nine vertical electrical soundings of Schlumberger configuration were measured with AB/2 = 1–500 m. Manual and computerized interpretation were done to detect the subsurface stratigraphy of the study area. The results show that the subsurface section consists of alternated units of limestone, clay, marly limestone and dolomitic limestone and the thickness of clay unit ranged from 10 to 40 m. Nine dipole–dipole sections have

Research paper thumbnail of NRIAG-2012-tarek

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of subsurface structural elements around greater Cairo by using integrated geophysical tools

Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014

Geophysical techniques such as gravity, magnetic and seismology are perfect tools for detecting s... more Geophysical techniques such as gravity, magnetic and seismology are perfect tools for detecting subsurface structures of local, regional as well as of global scales. The study of the earthquake records can be used for differentiating the active and non-active fault elements. In the current study, more than 2,200 land magnetic stations have been measured using two proton magnetometers. The data are corrected for diurnal variations and then reduced by the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. The corrected data have been interpreted by different techniques after filtering the data to separate shallow sources (basaltic sheet) from the deep sources (basement complex). Both Euler deconvolution and 3-D magnetic modeling were carried out. The results of interpretation indicate that the depth to the upper surface of basaltic sheet ranges from \10 to 600 m, depth to the lower surface ranges from 60 to 750 m, while the thickness of the basaltic sheet varies from \10 to 450 m. Moreover, gravity measurements are conducted at 2,250 stations using a CG-3 gravimeter. The measured values are corrected to construct a Bouger anomaly map. The least squares technique is then applied for regional-residual separation. The third order of least squares is found to be the most suitable to separate the residual anomalies from the regional one. The resultant third-order residual gravity map is used to delineate the structural fault systems of different characteristic trends. The trends show an NW-SE trend parallel to that of Gulf of Suez, an NE-SW trend parallel to the Gulf of Aqaba and an E-W trend parallel to that of the Mediterranean Sea. Taking seismological records into consideration, it is found that most of the 24 earthquake events recorded in the study area are located on fault elements. This gives an indication that the delineated fault elements are active.

Research paper thumbnail of Subsurface investigation on Quarter 27 of May 15th city, Cairo, Egypt using electrical resistivity tomography and shallow seismic refraction techniques

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2014

Geophysical tools such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and shallow seismic (both P-wav... more Geophysical tools such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and shallow seismic (both P-wave seismic refraction and Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW)) are interesting techniques for delineating the subsurface configurations as stratigraphy, structural elements, caves and water saturated zones. The ERT technique is used to delineate the contamination, to detect the buried objects, and to quantify some aquifer properties. Eight 2-D (two dimensional) electrical resistivity sections were measured using two different configurations (dipole-dipole and Wenner). The spread length is of 96 m and the electrodes spacing are 2, 4 and 6 m, respectively to reach a depth ranging from 13 to 17 m. The results indicate that, the subsurface section is divided into main three geo-electrical units, the first is fractured marl and limestone which exhibits high resistivity values ranging from 40 to 300 ohm m. The second unit is corresponding to marl of moderate resistivity values and the third unit, which is the deeper unit, exhibits very low resistivity values corresponding to clayey marl. The fourth layer is marly clay with water. The presence of clay causes the most geotechnical problems. Fourteen shallow seismic sections (both for P-wave and MASW) were carried out using spread of 94 m and geophone spacing of 2 m for each P-wave section. The results demonstrate that the deduced subsurface section consists of four layers, the first layer exhibits very low P-wave velocity ranging from 280 to 420 m/s, the second layer reveals P-wave velocity ranging from 400 to 1200 m/s, the third layer has P-wave velocity ranging from 970 to 2000 m/s and * Corresponding author. Peer review under responsibility of National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics.

Research paper thumbnail of Delineation of groundwater aquifer and subsurface structures on North Cairo, Egypt, using integrated interpretation of magnetic, gravity, geoelectrical and geochemical data

Geophysical Journal International, 2012

This study aims to investigate the shallow and deeper section to delineate the groundwater aquife... more This study aims to investigate the shallow and deeper section to delineate the groundwater aquifer and structural elements which dissect the study area. Added, the study aims to define the depth to a basaltic body and evaluate the quality of groundwater through interpretation of the geophysical, geological and boreholes data. Geophysical data have been measured, processed and interpreted in two-and three dimensions using special codes prepared by authors and commercial software. The results of interpretation indicate that the study area composed of two aquifers, the first is the Miocene aquifer and the second is Oligocene aquifer. The depth of the Miocene aquifer is ranging from 32.5 to 80 m. Its water quality is good and suitable for drinking and agricultural purposes; where the salinity ranges from 550 to 2200 g l-1 and the total hardness is ranging between 16.7 and 108.5 g l-1. The depth of the upper surface of basaltic body is ranging from 70 to 375 m and the depth of lower surface of basaltic sheet is ranging from 133 to 410 m. The area is dissected by fault elements of NW-SE, NE-SW and N-S trend.

Research paper thumbnail of Geophysical studies to delineate groundwater aquifer in arid regions: A case study, Gara Oasis, Egypt

Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy

Groundwater is an important factor in establishing new urban communities, especially in coastal a... more Groundwater is an important factor in establishing new urban communities, especially in coastal arid and semi-arid regions. Egypt is one of the world's driest countries, with hyper-arid territory accounting for 86% of the total area and arid and semi-arid terrain accounting for the rest. The present work aims to demonstrate the powerful integration of geophysical techniques to assess groundwater potentiality and suitability in Gara Oasis (GO), which describes a good example of Egypt's strategic southern extension of its arid north-western coast. Geophysical methods, including electrical resistivity and aeromagnetics, were used to evaluate groundwater resources. The study region reduced to pole total magnetic intensity map is subjected to digital filters that include derivatives, analytic signal, and tilt angle. The possible structures controlling the shallow and deep aquifers are delineated and integrated with geoelectric results. Moreover, two magnetic tomography sections a...

Research paper thumbnail of Delineation of Near-Surface Structure in the Southern Part of 15th of May City, Cairo, Egypt Using Geological, Geophysical and Geotechnical Techniques

Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2011

The integration of geological, geophysical, and geotechnical interpretation at the southern part ... more The integration of geological, geophysical, and geotechnical interpretation at the southern part of 15th of May City, have been used to evaluate the subsurface stratigraphy, especially the clay layer which may cause serious danger to construction. Those techniques have been used to delineate the subsurface structures as normal faults, which play a critical role on the stability of buildings. Geological

Research paper thumbnail of Hydrogeophysical investigation at El Moghra Area, North Western Desert, Egypt

Environmental Earth Sciences, 2021

El Moghra area, in the western desert of Egypt, is an important part of the national reclamation ... more El Moghra area, in the western desert of Egypt, is an important part of the national reclamation project (1.5 million acres—6.07 × 109 m2), which depends on the groundwater of El Moghra Formation (MF), the main aquifer in this area. Moghra Oasis and its surroundings are characterized by vast areas of good soil, which are favorable for agricultural development. In this respect, ambitious plans and successful programs are urgently required. Thirty-one vertical electrical sounding stations (VES’s) were measured in El Moghra. The results of quantitative interpretation of such stations and well logging data indicate that the subsurface stratigraphy of the investigated area consists of six geo-electrical units where the main aquifer is represented by the fourth and sixth units intercalated with a clay unit (fifth unit). Thirteen boreholes of depth reaching 200 m are drilled in the study area. The hydrochemical analyses for collected samples indicate that the salinity of the groundwater in the Moghra area increases with depth. The result of the pumping test for boreholes indicates that the efficiency of the wells is ranging from 65 to 96% of the average value of 84.5%. The aquifer has transmissivity which represents a highly potential aquifer.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring mineralization zones using remote sensing and aeromagnetic data, West Allaqi Area, Eastern-Desert, Egypt

The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 2022

Wadi-Allaqi district, in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a historic well-kno... more Wadi-Allaqi district, in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a historic well-known gold resource that has been exploited since the Pharaonic era. The study area represents the western segment of Wadi-Allaqi, about 220 km southeast Aswan city, Upper Egypt. It covers approximately 4702 km 2. Exploring new potential mineralization zones was conducted by integrating the Landsat-8 and aeromagnetic data to map different surfaces of alteration zones and trace shallow and deep mineralized bodies. The corrected Landsat-Operational Land Imager (OLI) bands were processed using the Band Ratio (BR), Crosta, selective for the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation, and False-Color Composition (FCC) techniques were used to detect the hydrothermal alteration zones and recognize the different geological units. The enhanced eigenimage (MNF1) was processed to delineate the fractures and weakness zones over the west Allaqi-Heini Suture (AHS). The shallow residual mineralized sources have been detected and mapped using the Tilt Derivative (TDR), First Derivative (FVD) and high pass filter techniques of aeromagnetic data. The depths to the mineralized magnetic sources, and hence the roots of gold and other minerals, were obtained using the power spectrum and Euler techniques. Accordingly, new gold and mineralization potential zones were successfully delineated over the study area's ophiolitic, metavolcanics, and granitic rocks. Lineaments deduced from aeromagnetic and remote sensing data represent the pathways of the ascending hydrothermal fluids. The main trends of the dominant structural systems were detected through the statistical analyses of these lineaments.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated Studies to Elucidate the Subsurface Structures and Groundwater at Moghra Oasis, Northwestern Desert, Egypt

On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods, 2019

About 150 thousand Acres were restricted around Moghra Lake, north Western Desert of Egypt, and w... more About 150 thousand Acres were restricted around Moghra Lake, north Western Desert of Egypt, and were irrigated mainly from groundwater. Geophysical and geological studies were integrated to assess the groundwater quality of the Miocene Moghra aquifer in the studied area. Stratigraphically, the Moghra Lake is cut into the clastic-dominated sediments of the Lower Miocene Moghra Formation. Subsurface petrophysical logs and surface facies analysis of sedimentary facies successions were treated separately and then integrated to investigate the sedimentary environments and stratigraphical sequence in the Moghra Formation. A land magnetic survey was conducted with 2 km station spacing to reveal the governing structures and the expected depth to basement. The reduced to pole map was subjected to various special filters to detect magnetic contacts in the area that may affect the flow of the water aquifer. Moreover, the results of four VES stations of AB/2 ranging from 1 to 500 m were impleme...

Research paper thumbnail of Geophysical Data for Mapping Structural Features and Hydrothermal Alteration Zones in Basement Rock of Egypt

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated Geophysical Interpretation for Groundwater Exploration at the Central Part of Sinai , Egypt

In the present study three geophysical techniques (Land gravity, electrical resistivity and land ... more In the present study three geophysical techniques (Land gravity, electrical resistivity and land magnetic) have been applied to identify and evaluate the groundwater occurrences in the studied area, which lies between latitudes 29° 18 and 29°52 N and longitudes 33° 25 34°32 E. Twenty six deep VES stations were ` ` ` ` measured and interpreted to delineate the Nubian sandstone aquifer in the area. The upper surface of the aquifer varying from 483 to 1079 m and the resistivity values ranging from 109 to 522 Ohm-m which represents the fresh water aquifer in the study area. The results of gravity interpretation indicate that the area dissected by different fault elements of different directions such as NE-SW trend parallel to the Gulf of Aqaba, NW-SE trend parallel to the Gulf of Suez and E-W trend parallel to the Mediterranean Sea. The depth of basement rocks ranging from 2100 to 4300 m.

Research paper thumbnail of Groundwater Potentiality at El Egma Plateau, Central Sinai, Egypt Using Geoelectrical, Gravity and Magnetic Data

In the present study different geophysical techniques such as Vertical Electrical Sounding, Gravi... more In the present study different geophysical techniques such as Vertical Electrical Sounding, Gravity and Magnetic are used to delineate the deep aquifer in the South El-Egma area. The area under study is located in the central part of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. In this area eighteen deep vertical electrical soundings have been carried out, using current electrode spacing (AB) ranging from 10 m to 6000 m to reach the deep aquifer in the study area. The results of resistivity interpretation indicate that; the study area consists of five geoelectric units. The fifth geoelectric unit represents the main groundwater aquifer in the study area (Nubian Sandstone). The depth of the upper surface of the Nubian sandstone aquifer was ranging from 718 m to 927 m, resistivity varies between 26.5 Ohm.m and 477 Ohm.m and the thickness ranges from 191 m to 3330 m. Five hundred and twenty-one gravity stations have been collected by using CG-3 Gravity-meter. The results of quantitative interpretation for ...

Research paper thumbnail of Application of Land Magnetic and Geoelectrical Techniques for Delineating Groundwater Aquifer: Case Study in East Oweinat, Western Desert, Egypt

Natural Resources Research

Two geophysical tools were used to delineate the configuration of the Nubian sandstone aquifer in... more Two geophysical tools were used to delineate the configuration of the Nubian sandstone aquifer in the study area. Three hundred magnetic points were measured and analyzed to evaluate the subsurface structural setting and to trace the basement relief, which control the aquifer’s geometry. The magnetic interpretations refer to dominant faults that strike in various directions, namely N–S, NE–SW, and NW–SE. The top of the basement complex was recorded at depths of 384–1286 m, and the aquifer thickness ranged from 299 to 1169 m. Thirty vertical electrical sounding points of AB/2 with depths ranging from 1.5 to 700 m were used to estimate the parameters of the Nubian sandstone aquifer. The geoelectrical data indicate that the area consists of 5 units; the first unit is composed of sand and gravel, the second unit of ferruginous sandstone, the third unit of clay, the fourth unit of dry sandstone, and the last unit of sandstone saturated with groundwater. The groundwater in the study area is freshwater of high quality usable for all purposes.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis and interpretation of geophysical data to delineate the geologic structures of Abu Dabbab area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics

Research paper thumbnail of Joint inversion of VES and TEM data for investigation of geothermal resources and sea water intrusion at Hammam Mousa hot spring, Sinai, Egypt

geo.igemi.troitsk.ru

SUMMARY Geoelectrical methods are pioneer in geothermal resources exploration. With the advent of... more SUMMARY Geoelectrical methods are pioneer in geothermal resources exploration. With the advent of computing technology, it has become convenient to apply sophisticated data analysis and joint inversion to different field data sets. Numerous studies have shown that, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Joint Electromagnetic-Terrain Conductivity and DC-Resistivity Survey for Bedrock and Groundwater Characterization at the New Al-Obour City, Egypt

Iraqi Geological Journal

A multi-spacing electromagnetic–terrain conductivity survey profile and vertical electrical resis... more A multi-spacing electromagnetic–terrain conductivity survey profile and vertical electrical resistivity soundings were carried out at New Al-Obour City, Northeastern Cairo. The chief purpose of this survey was to characterize the bedrock, and groundwater occurrence, and hence to image both the surface and subsurface structures. The water is used mainly to meet the demands of the agricultural sector in the area. Accordingly, a set of sixteen Multi Spacing Electromagnetic Terrian Conductivity profiles and 11 vertical electrical soundings were done from September 2018 to March 2019. The data sets were transformed–inverted comprehensively with regard to stitched one-dimensional (1D) electrical resistivity smoothed-earth models. These sets were used efficiently in the interpretation of the geologic sequence of bedrock through successive conductive anomalies and electrically resistive. Remarkably, the obtained subsurface electrical resistivity structures are coincident with the mapped fie...

Research paper thumbnail of A reconnaissance study for tracing and ordering new mineralisation zones using integrated remote sensing, GIS, and aeromagnetic techniques, west Allaqi-Heiani-Suture,Egypt

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics

Reducing expenses is a critical aspect of natural resource explorations, especially in the reconn... more Reducing expenses is a critical aspect of natural resource explorations, especially in the reconnaissance stage. Accordingly, GIS algorithms using the free remote sensing data were used to rank the probable mineralised zones before any future implementations of the highcost drilling and/or detailed geophysical programmes. Geological and tectonic settings, and being a historical mineral resource were motivations to choose the Allaqi-Heiani Suture (AHS), Upper Egypt, as a study area. Remote sensing data were processed for tracing the probably mineralised alteration zones, determining fractures and dominating structural systems, and mapping different geological units. Various alteration minerals including hydroxyls-carbonates, ferrous and ferric iron oxides were detected over different rock units using band ratio (BR) and Crosta techniques. Different geological units were distinguished using false colour composite (FCC) images. Moreover, an intense fractured system, demonstrating the area, was revealed by tracing lineaments using informative, spatially enhanced remote-sensed images. Fractures within the altered rocks represent 35% of the total fracturing system in the AHS to indicate a structural system controlling mineralisation occurrences. The processing of magnetic data suggested a deep/buried nature of these remotely detected lineaments/structures. Reduced to pole (RTP) and tilt derivative (TDR) maps detected the buried magnetic sources, whereas zero contours of TDR, Euler deconvolution, analytic signal and source parameter imaging (SPI) techniques traced buried contacts/structures and estimated their depths. A GIS strategy depending on the intensity of the fracturing system and the presence of more than one type of alteration was applied to potential-rank the prospective mineralised occurrences over AHS. The correlation between ranked zones with the old/known mines showed encouraging evaluation.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated geophysical interpretation and hydrogeochemistry investigation for groundwater aquifer assessment at El – Farafra depression, Western Desert, Egypt

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated geophysical, remote sensing and geochemical investigation to explore gold-mineralizations and mapping listvenites at Wadi Haimur, Eastern Desert, Egypt

Geocarto International

Although the continuity of gold mining work since Pharaonic times till today, Wadi Haimur is stil... more Although the continuity of gold mining work since Pharaonic times till today, Wadi Haimur is still promised source for gold. Wadi Haimur is located in west Allaqi-Heinai-Suture (AHS), south Eastern Desert of Egypt. Gold mineralization is mainly confined within quartz-carbonate and sulphide-bearing quartz veins within sheared, altered rocks, while listvenitization plays a significant role in gold concentration along the Haimur area. Therefore, critical analyses of remote sensing data were applied to map alteration zones and delineate listvenites. Spatially enhanced images were processed to trace lineaments and weakness zones which may represent pathways of mineralized, ascended hydrothermal fluids. Ground geophysical, magnetic and geoelectric surveys were performed to study the depth-extension of mineralized bodies in the vicinity of the historical mines within Wadi Haimur. Interpretation of land-magnetic data indicates the presence of mineralized veins associated with narrow shear zones. Derivatives and highpass filters were utilized to map shallow mineralized sources and deduce their trends. Upward continuation and low-pass filters were used to detect the deep sources. Depths to magnetic bodies were estimated using Power-Spectrum, Euler and inversion of single anomalies. Geochemical sampling was performed to test the results. According to the remarkable variation in resistivity and chargeability values of resistivity and inducedpolarization tomography profiles, the subsurface lithology was classified and probable mineralized zones within the subsurface were detected. Encouraging results from regolith, trenching, rock-chip sampling and Reverse-Circulation (RC) drilling indicated the extension of auriferous anomalies within the bedrock. Good correlation of RC-holes auriferous anomalies depths and deduced depths from magnetic interpretation was revealed.

Research paper thumbnail of Geophysical investigation for shallow subsurface geotechnical problems of Mokattam area, Cairo, Egypt

Environmental Earth Sciences, 2009

Nine vertical electrical soundings of Schlumberger configuration were measured with AB/2 = 1–500 ... more Nine vertical electrical soundings of Schlumberger configuration were measured with AB/2 = 1–500 m. Manual and computerized interpretation were done to detect the subsurface stratigraphy of the study area. The results show that the subsurface section consists of alternated units of limestone, clay, marly limestone and dolomitic limestone and the thickness of clay unit ranged from 10 to 40 m. Nine dipole–dipole sections have

Research paper thumbnail of NRIAG-2012-tarek

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of subsurface structural elements around greater Cairo by using integrated geophysical tools

Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014

Geophysical techniques such as gravity, magnetic and seismology are perfect tools for detecting s... more Geophysical techniques such as gravity, magnetic and seismology are perfect tools for detecting subsurface structures of local, regional as well as of global scales. The study of the earthquake records can be used for differentiating the active and non-active fault elements. In the current study, more than 2,200 land magnetic stations have been measured using two proton magnetometers. The data are corrected for diurnal variations and then reduced by the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. The corrected data have been interpreted by different techniques after filtering the data to separate shallow sources (basaltic sheet) from the deep sources (basement complex). Both Euler deconvolution and 3-D magnetic modeling were carried out. The results of interpretation indicate that the depth to the upper surface of basaltic sheet ranges from \10 to 600 m, depth to the lower surface ranges from 60 to 750 m, while the thickness of the basaltic sheet varies from \10 to 450 m. Moreover, gravity measurements are conducted at 2,250 stations using a CG-3 gravimeter. The measured values are corrected to construct a Bouger anomaly map. The least squares technique is then applied for regional-residual separation. The third order of least squares is found to be the most suitable to separate the residual anomalies from the regional one. The resultant third-order residual gravity map is used to delineate the structural fault systems of different characteristic trends. The trends show an NW-SE trend parallel to that of Gulf of Suez, an NE-SW trend parallel to the Gulf of Aqaba and an E-W trend parallel to that of the Mediterranean Sea. Taking seismological records into consideration, it is found that most of the 24 earthquake events recorded in the study area are located on fault elements. This gives an indication that the delineated fault elements are active.

Research paper thumbnail of Subsurface investigation on Quarter 27 of May 15th city, Cairo, Egypt using electrical resistivity tomography and shallow seismic refraction techniques

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2014

Geophysical tools such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and shallow seismic (both P-wav... more Geophysical tools such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and shallow seismic (both P-wave seismic refraction and Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW)) are interesting techniques for delineating the subsurface configurations as stratigraphy, structural elements, caves and water saturated zones. The ERT technique is used to delineate the contamination, to detect the buried objects, and to quantify some aquifer properties. Eight 2-D (two dimensional) electrical resistivity sections were measured using two different configurations (dipole-dipole and Wenner). The spread length is of 96 m and the electrodes spacing are 2, 4 and 6 m, respectively to reach a depth ranging from 13 to 17 m. The results indicate that, the subsurface section is divided into main three geo-electrical units, the first is fractured marl and limestone which exhibits high resistivity values ranging from 40 to 300 ohm m. The second unit is corresponding to marl of moderate resistivity values and the third unit, which is the deeper unit, exhibits very low resistivity values corresponding to clayey marl. The fourth layer is marly clay with water. The presence of clay causes the most geotechnical problems. Fourteen shallow seismic sections (both for P-wave and MASW) were carried out using spread of 94 m and geophone spacing of 2 m for each P-wave section. The results demonstrate that the deduced subsurface section consists of four layers, the first layer exhibits very low P-wave velocity ranging from 280 to 420 m/s, the second layer reveals P-wave velocity ranging from 400 to 1200 m/s, the third layer has P-wave velocity ranging from 970 to 2000 m/s and * Corresponding author. Peer review under responsibility of National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics.

Research paper thumbnail of Delineation of groundwater aquifer and subsurface structures on North Cairo, Egypt, using integrated interpretation of magnetic, gravity, geoelectrical and geochemical data

Geophysical Journal International, 2012

This study aims to investigate the shallow and deeper section to delineate the groundwater aquife... more This study aims to investigate the shallow and deeper section to delineate the groundwater aquifer and structural elements which dissect the study area. Added, the study aims to define the depth to a basaltic body and evaluate the quality of groundwater through interpretation of the geophysical, geological and boreholes data. Geophysical data have been measured, processed and interpreted in two-and three dimensions using special codes prepared by authors and commercial software. The results of interpretation indicate that the study area composed of two aquifers, the first is the Miocene aquifer and the second is Oligocene aquifer. The depth of the Miocene aquifer is ranging from 32.5 to 80 m. Its water quality is good and suitable for drinking and agricultural purposes; where the salinity ranges from 550 to 2200 g l-1 and the total hardness is ranging between 16.7 and 108.5 g l-1. The depth of the upper surface of basaltic body is ranging from 70 to 375 m and the depth of lower surface of basaltic sheet is ranging from 133 to 410 m. The area is dissected by fault elements of NW-SE, NE-SW and N-S trend.

Research paper thumbnail of Geophysical studies to delineate groundwater aquifer in arid regions: A case study, Gara Oasis, Egypt

Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy

Groundwater is an important factor in establishing new urban communities, especially in coastal a... more Groundwater is an important factor in establishing new urban communities, especially in coastal arid and semi-arid regions. Egypt is one of the world's driest countries, with hyper-arid territory accounting for 86% of the total area and arid and semi-arid terrain accounting for the rest. The present work aims to demonstrate the powerful integration of geophysical techniques to assess groundwater potentiality and suitability in Gara Oasis (GO), which describes a good example of Egypt's strategic southern extension of its arid north-western coast. Geophysical methods, including electrical resistivity and aeromagnetics, were used to evaluate groundwater resources. The study region reduced to pole total magnetic intensity map is subjected to digital filters that include derivatives, analytic signal, and tilt angle. The possible structures controlling the shallow and deep aquifers are delineated and integrated with geoelectric results. Moreover, two magnetic tomography sections a...

Research paper thumbnail of Delineation of Near-Surface Structure in the Southern Part of 15th of May City, Cairo, Egypt Using Geological, Geophysical and Geotechnical Techniques

Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2011

The integration of geological, geophysical, and geotechnical interpretation at the southern part ... more The integration of geological, geophysical, and geotechnical interpretation at the southern part of 15th of May City, have been used to evaluate the subsurface stratigraphy, especially the clay layer which may cause serious danger to construction. Those techniques have been used to delineate the subsurface structures as normal faults, which play a critical role on the stability of buildings. Geological

Research paper thumbnail of Hydrogeophysical investigation at El Moghra Area, North Western Desert, Egypt

Environmental Earth Sciences, 2021

El Moghra area, in the western desert of Egypt, is an important part of the national reclamation ... more El Moghra area, in the western desert of Egypt, is an important part of the national reclamation project (1.5 million acres—6.07 × 109 m2), which depends on the groundwater of El Moghra Formation (MF), the main aquifer in this area. Moghra Oasis and its surroundings are characterized by vast areas of good soil, which are favorable for agricultural development. In this respect, ambitious plans and successful programs are urgently required. Thirty-one vertical electrical sounding stations (VES’s) were measured in El Moghra. The results of quantitative interpretation of such stations and well logging data indicate that the subsurface stratigraphy of the investigated area consists of six geo-electrical units where the main aquifer is represented by the fourth and sixth units intercalated with a clay unit (fifth unit). Thirteen boreholes of depth reaching 200 m are drilled in the study area. The hydrochemical analyses for collected samples indicate that the salinity of the groundwater in the Moghra area increases with depth. The result of the pumping test for boreholes indicates that the efficiency of the wells is ranging from 65 to 96% of the average value of 84.5%. The aquifer has transmissivity which represents a highly potential aquifer.

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring mineralization zones using remote sensing and aeromagnetic data, West Allaqi Area, Eastern-Desert, Egypt

The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 2022

Wadi-Allaqi district, in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a historic well-kno... more Wadi-Allaqi district, in the southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a historic well-known gold resource that has been exploited since the Pharaonic era. The study area represents the western segment of Wadi-Allaqi, about 220 km southeast Aswan city, Upper Egypt. It covers approximately 4702 km 2. Exploring new potential mineralization zones was conducted by integrating the Landsat-8 and aeromagnetic data to map different surfaces of alteration zones and trace shallow and deep mineralized bodies. The corrected Landsat-Operational Land Imager (OLI) bands were processed using the Band Ratio (BR), Crosta, selective for the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation, and False-Color Composition (FCC) techniques were used to detect the hydrothermal alteration zones and recognize the different geological units. The enhanced eigenimage (MNF1) was processed to delineate the fractures and weakness zones over the west Allaqi-Heini Suture (AHS). The shallow residual mineralized sources have been detected and mapped using the Tilt Derivative (TDR), First Derivative (FVD) and high pass filter techniques of aeromagnetic data. The depths to the mineralized magnetic sources, and hence the roots of gold and other minerals, were obtained using the power spectrum and Euler techniques. Accordingly, new gold and mineralization potential zones were successfully delineated over the study area's ophiolitic, metavolcanics, and granitic rocks. Lineaments deduced from aeromagnetic and remote sensing data represent the pathways of the ascending hydrothermal fluids. The main trends of the dominant structural systems were detected through the statistical analyses of these lineaments.

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated Studies to Elucidate the Subsurface Structures and Groundwater at Moghra Oasis, Northwestern Desert, Egypt

On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods, 2019

About 150 thousand Acres were restricted around Moghra Lake, north Western Desert of Egypt, and w... more About 150 thousand Acres were restricted around Moghra Lake, north Western Desert of Egypt, and were irrigated mainly from groundwater. Geophysical and geological studies were integrated to assess the groundwater quality of the Miocene Moghra aquifer in the studied area. Stratigraphically, the Moghra Lake is cut into the clastic-dominated sediments of the Lower Miocene Moghra Formation. Subsurface petrophysical logs and surface facies analysis of sedimentary facies successions were treated separately and then integrated to investigate the sedimentary environments and stratigraphical sequence in the Moghra Formation. A land magnetic survey was conducted with 2 km station spacing to reveal the governing structures and the expected depth to basement. The reduced to pole map was subjected to various special filters to detect magnetic contacts in the area that may affect the flow of the water aquifer. Moreover, the results of four VES stations of AB/2 ranging from 1 to 500 m were impleme...

Research paper thumbnail of Geophysical Data for Mapping Structural Features and Hydrothermal Alteration Zones in Basement Rock of Egypt

Research paper thumbnail of Integrated Geophysical Interpretation for Groundwater Exploration at the Central Part of Sinai , Egypt

In the present study three geophysical techniques (Land gravity, electrical resistivity and land ... more In the present study three geophysical techniques (Land gravity, electrical resistivity and land magnetic) have been applied to identify and evaluate the groundwater occurrences in the studied area, which lies between latitudes 29° 18 and 29°52 N and longitudes 33° 25 34°32 E. Twenty six deep VES stations were ` ` ` ` measured and interpreted to delineate the Nubian sandstone aquifer in the area. The upper surface of the aquifer varying from 483 to 1079 m and the resistivity values ranging from 109 to 522 Ohm-m which represents the fresh water aquifer in the study area. The results of gravity interpretation indicate that the area dissected by different fault elements of different directions such as NE-SW trend parallel to the Gulf of Aqaba, NW-SE trend parallel to the Gulf of Suez and E-W trend parallel to the Mediterranean Sea. The depth of basement rocks ranging from 2100 to 4300 m.

Research paper thumbnail of Groundwater Potentiality at El Egma Plateau, Central Sinai, Egypt Using Geoelectrical, Gravity and Magnetic Data

In the present study different geophysical techniques such as Vertical Electrical Sounding, Gravi... more In the present study different geophysical techniques such as Vertical Electrical Sounding, Gravity and Magnetic are used to delineate the deep aquifer in the South El-Egma area. The area under study is located in the central part of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. In this area eighteen deep vertical electrical soundings have been carried out, using current electrode spacing (AB) ranging from 10 m to 6000 m to reach the deep aquifer in the study area. The results of resistivity interpretation indicate that; the study area consists of five geoelectric units. The fifth geoelectric unit represents the main groundwater aquifer in the study area (Nubian Sandstone). The depth of the upper surface of the Nubian sandstone aquifer was ranging from 718 m to 927 m, resistivity varies between 26.5 Ohm.m and 477 Ohm.m and the thickness ranges from 191 m to 3330 m. Five hundred and twenty-one gravity stations have been collected by using CG-3 Gravity-meter. The results of quantitative interpretation for ...

Research paper thumbnail of Application of Land Magnetic and Geoelectrical Techniques for Delineating Groundwater Aquifer: Case Study in East Oweinat, Western Desert, Egypt

Natural Resources Research

Two geophysical tools were used to delineate the configuration of the Nubian sandstone aquifer in... more Two geophysical tools were used to delineate the configuration of the Nubian sandstone aquifer in the study area. Three hundred magnetic points were measured and analyzed to evaluate the subsurface structural setting and to trace the basement relief, which control the aquifer’s geometry. The magnetic interpretations refer to dominant faults that strike in various directions, namely N–S, NE–SW, and NW–SE. The top of the basement complex was recorded at depths of 384–1286 m, and the aquifer thickness ranged from 299 to 1169 m. Thirty vertical electrical sounding points of AB/2 with depths ranging from 1.5 to 700 m were used to estimate the parameters of the Nubian sandstone aquifer. The geoelectrical data indicate that the area consists of 5 units; the first unit is composed of sand and gravel, the second unit of ferruginous sandstone, the third unit of clay, the fourth unit of dry sandstone, and the last unit of sandstone saturated with groundwater. The groundwater in the study area is freshwater of high quality usable for all purposes.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis and interpretation of geophysical data to delineate the geologic structures of Abu Dabbab area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics

Research paper thumbnail of Joint inversion of VES and TEM data for investigation of geothermal resources and sea water intrusion at Hammam Mousa hot spring, Sinai, Egypt

geo.igemi.troitsk.ru

SUMMARY Geoelectrical methods are pioneer in geothermal resources exploration. With the advent of... more SUMMARY Geoelectrical methods are pioneer in geothermal resources exploration. With the advent of computing technology, it has become convenient to apply sophisticated data analysis and joint inversion to different field data sets. Numerous studies have shown that, ...