Harald Yndestad | Norwegian University of Science and Technology (original) (raw)
Papers by Harald Yndestad
The Virtual Region More was a research project to investigate how to utilize visualization and si... more The Virtual Region More was a research project to investigate how to utilize visualization and simulation methods as planning tools for research and teaching in the More region on the west coast of Norway. The project was developed using a bottom-up process to integrate multi-agents in large 3D terrain models. The Virtual Region More became an arena for testing agent models in shipping, fish farming, ecosystems, virus swarms and energy production. The most important result of the project was recognizing that simulating multi-agent systems in position-dependent landscapes leads to complex landscape-dependent systems. Multiagents in large landscapes need generic methods to modulate generic agents. Generic multi-agents in large 3D landscapes need a system view to represent multi-agents in organizations, where agents are controlled by cost functions.
International Conference on Information Technology, 1997
OCEANS 2016 - Shanghai, 2016
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are ubiquitous industrial chemicals likely to persistently exi... more Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are ubiquitous industrial chemicals likely to persistently exist in the environment, bioaccumulate in food chains, and even may cause adverse health effects in human. Borgundfjorden fjord system, an important spawning ground for the Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua) stock, was contaminated by significant levels of pollutants such as BFRs, due to the local previous industrial activities. In this study, we demonstrated high level of the BFRs polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cod liver and gonad samples from Borgundfjorden using mass spectroscopy (MS) detectors by Norwegian National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES). Acute embryo toxicity test was further conducted using fertilized cod eggs. The eggs were short-term exposed to serial dilutions of five BFRs mixtures, BDE-47, or PCB mixture Aroclor 1254. At a concentration 10 times that detected in cod liver, the mixture of the five BFRs significantly reduced the embryo survival rate (p <; 0.01). Correspondingly, at 224 μg/L, which was around 10 times of that detected in cod liver, BDE-47 exhibited obvious cod embryo toxicity (p <; 0.01). As a positive control, Aroclor 1254 significantly reduced the embryo survival rate at 400 and 1600 μg/L (p <;0.001). This experiment has laid the foundation for further research on environmentally hazardous impact on the reproductive capacity of aquatic organisms, which will directly influence the fish stocks growing potential and thereby the Norwegian fishery activity.
International Journal of Simulation Systems Science & Technology, 2020
ECMS 2014 Proceedings edited by: Flaminio Squazzoni, Fabio Baronio, Claudia Archetti, Marco Castellani, 2014
In this paper, we present two optimisation methods for a generic boids swarm model which is deriv... more In this paper, we present two optimisation methods for a generic boids swarm model which is derived from the original Reynolds' boids model to simulate the aggregate moving of a fish school. The aggregate motion is the result of the interaction of the relatively simple behaviours of the individual simulated boids 1. The aggregate moving vector is a linear combination of every simple behaviour rule vector. The moving vector coefficients should be identified and optimised to have a realistic flocking moving behaviour. We proposed two methods to optimise these coefficients, by using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO). Both GA and PSO are population based heuristic search techniques which can be used to solve the optimisation problems. The experimental results show that optimisation of boids model by using PSO is faster and gives better convergence than using GA.
EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2018
The concept of quality in accordance with ISO 9000 emphasizes a holistic view of organizations. T... more The concept of quality in accordance with ISO 9000 emphasizes a holistic view of organizations. This holistic view requires a description language to modulate organizations to specify the implied quality needs. Systems theory represents a holistic generic method of modeling organizations. This paper suggests the general systems theory as a generic method of modeling quality systems. The method is based on a simple rule: begin with the definition of quality, introduce the doctrine of duality to enhance a new quality aspect, and continue the quality doctrine to enhance new aspects in a tree structure. Based on this simple rule, the total aspect of a quality system model is specified, in which a quality system is represented by dual views. System architecture represents how a quality system is organized, system dynamics represents how the quality systems are developing with time, system ethics represents the quality system purpose and system learning represents the ability to adapt to ...
Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
This study utilizes time-series data devised to measure solar irradiation, sea surface temperatur... more This study utilizes time-series data devised to measure solar irradiation, sea surface temperatures, and temperatures in the lower atmosphere to gain a better understanding of how gravitational effects from the moon and Jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) influence solar activity and climatic conditions on Earth. Then, standard statistical methods are used to determine the degree of correlation among these time series and construct a Jovian gravitational model. The study reveals a direct relationship between JSUN perihelion coincidences and TSI amplitude variations in cycles up to 4,450 years. The forced solar accumulation of heat in oceans introduces a new phase relation between solar forced cycles and new climate variation. Earth’s axis nutation cycles have coincidences with lunar nodal tide cycles and lunar forced sea surface temperature cycle periods up to 446 years. Earth’s temperature variation shows coincidence with constructive and destructive interference ...
New Astronomy, 2017
The total solar irradiation (TSI) is the primary quantity of energy that is provided to the Earth... more The total solar irradiation (TSI) is the primary quantity of energy that is provided to the Earth. The properties of the TSI variability are critical for understanding the cause of the irradiation variability and its expected influence on climate variations. A deterministic property of TSI variability can provide information about future irradiation variability and expected long-term climate variation, whereas the non-deterministic variability can only explain the past. This study of solar variability is based on an analysis of the TSI data series from 1700 A.D. and 1000 A.D., a sunspot data series from 1611 A.D., and a solar orbit data series from 1000 A.D. The study is based on a wavelet spectrum analysis. First the TSI data series are transformed into a wavelet spectrum. Then the wavelet spectrum is transformed into an autocorrelation spectrum, to identify stationary, subharmonic and coincidence periods in the TSI variability. The results indicate that the TSI and sunspot data series have periodic cycles that is correlated to the solar position oscillation and controlled by gravity force variations from the large planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune and the solar dynamo. A possible explanation is forced oscillations between the large
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are ubiquitous industrial chemicals likely to persistently exi... more Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are ubiquitous industrial chemicals likely to persistently exist in the environment, bioaccumulate in food chains, and even may cause adverse health effects in human. Borgundfjorden fjord system, an important spawning ground for the Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua) stock, was contaminated by significant levels of pollutants such as BFRs, due to the local previous industrial activities. In this study, we demonstrated high level of the BFRs polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cod liver and gonad samples from Borgundfjorden using mass spectroscopy (MS) detectors by Norwegian National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES). Acute embryo toxicity test was further conducted using fertilized cod eggs. The eggs were short-term exposed to serial dilutions of five BFRs mixtures, BDE-47, or PCB mixture Aroclor 1254. At a concentration 10 times that detected in cod liver, the mixture of the five BFRs significantly reduced the embryo survival rate (p <; 0.01). Correspondingly, at 224 μg/L, which was around 10 times of that detected in cod liver, BDE-47 exhibited obvious cod embryo toxicity (p <; 0.01). As a positive control, Aroclor 1254 significantly reduced the embryo survival rate at 400 and 1600 μg/L (p <;0.001). This experiment has laid the foundation for further research on environmentally hazardous impact on the reproductive capacity of aquatic organisms, which will directly influence the fish stocks growing potential and thereby the Norwegian fishery activity.
Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, 2012
The Virtual Region More was a research project to investigate how to utilize visualization and si... more The Virtual Region More was a research project to investigate how to utilize visualization and simulation methods as planning tools for research and teaching in the More region on the west coast of Norway. The project was developed using a bottom-up process to integrate multi-agents in large 3D terrain models. The Virtual Region More became an arena for testing agent models in shipping, fish farming, ecosystems, virus swarms and energy production. The most important result of the project was recognizing that simulating multi-agent systems in position-dependent landscapes leads to complex landscape-dependent systems. Multiagents in large landscapes need generic methods to modulate generic agents. Generic multi-agents in large 3D landscapes need a system view to represent multi-agents in organizations, where agents are controlled by cost functions.
In this paper, we present two optimisation methods for a generic boids swarm model which is deriv... more In this paper, we present two optimisation methods for a generic boids swarm model which is derived from the original Reynolds' boids model to simulate the aggregate moving of a fish school. The aggregate motion is the result of the interaction of the relatively simple behaviours of the individual simulated boids 1 . The aggregate moving vector is a linear combination of every simple behaviour rule vector. The moving vector coefficients should be identified and optimised to have a realistic flocking moving behaviour. We proposed two methods to optimise these coefficients, by using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO). Both GA and PSO are population based heuristic search techniques which can be used to solve the optimisation problems. The experimental results show that optimisation of boids model by using PSO is faster and gives better convergence than using GA.
<p><strong></strong></p><p>... more <p><strong></strong></p><p>A possible relation between plants period oscillations and the Earth&#180;s temperature variability reveals deterministic variations in the Earth&#180;s temperature variability. This study is based on a deterministic solar-lunar model, a wavelet spectrum analysis of global temperature data series from 1850 and a wavelet spectrum analysis of Greenland temperature (GISP-2) from 2000BC.</p><p>&#160;</p><p>The results reveal a period- and phase-relation between the Jovian planets, Total Solar Irradiation variability from 1700, global sea temperature variability from 1850 and Greenland temperature variability from 2000B.C. in a multidecadal spectrum of 4480 years. The results are explained by interference between accumulated solar-forced and lunar-forced periods in oceans. The climate response from solar-lunar forced periods explain Grand Solar minimum periods from 1000A.D. the Little Ice Age from 1640 to 1850, the Deep Freeze minimum at 1710 A.D. and the global temperature growth from 1850 to 2000. The solar-lunar model computes a modern global maximum temperature at 2030A.D. and an upcoming Grand Solar minimum at 2062A.D. and an upcoming deep temperature minimum at 2070A.D.</p><p>&#160;</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Solar-lunar interference; Deep solar minima; Earth&#8217;s temperature variability; Global temperature minima.</p><p><strong>&#160;</strong></p>
The paper presents a wavelet spectrum analysis of the time series from the Polar movement, the Ar... more The paper presents a wavelet spectrum analysis of the time series from the Polar movement, the Arctic ice extent, the Kola temperature, and the NAO winter index. The results show that all time series have dominant harmonic and sub-harmonic cycles which are correlated to the 18.6 yr lunar nodal spectrum. The lunar spectrum is explained by an Arctic oscillation caused by gravity from the 18.6 yr lunar nodal cycle. The oscillating gravity force from the Moon is distributed on the Earth as a lunar nodal spectrum and observed as an oscillating climate disturbance. The spectrum has stationary cycle periods and time variant phases. The time variant phase is controlled by a dominant sub-harmonic cycle of 74 years which modulates a phase-reversal in higher frequent periods. The identified lunar nodal spectrum in all time series are explained by a mutual related Arctic Oscillation system.
Not to be cited without prior reference to the author. The Barents Sea ecosystem dynamics as a co... more Not to be cited without prior reference to the author. The Barents Sea ecosystem dynamics as a coupled oscillator
Pattern Recognition in Physics, 2013
In a collection of research papers devoted to the problem of solar variability and its origin in ... more In a collection of research papers devoted to the problem of solar variability and its origin in planetary beat, it is demonstrated that the forcing function originates from gravitational and inertial effects on the Sun from the planets and their satellites. This conclusion is shared by nineteen co-authors.
The Virtual Region More was a research project to investigate how to utilize visualization and si... more The Virtual Region More was a research project to investigate how to utilize visualization and simulation methods as planning tools for research and teaching in the More region on the west coast of Norway. The project was developed using a bottom-up process to integrate multi-agents in large 3D terrain models. The Virtual Region More became an arena for testing agent models in shipping, fish farming, ecosystems, virus swarms and energy production. The most important result of the project was recognizing that simulating multi-agent systems in position-dependent landscapes leads to complex landscape-dependent systems. Multiagents in large landscapes need generic methods to modulate generic agents. Generic multi-agents in large 3D landscapes need a system view to represent multi-agents in organizations, where agents are controlled by cost functions.
International Conference on Information Technology, 1997
OCEANS 2016 - Shanghai, 2016
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are ubiquitous industrial chemicals likely to persistently exi... more Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are ubiquitous industrial chemicals likely to persistently exist in the environment, bioaccumulate in food chains, and even may cause adverse health effects in human. Borgundfjorden fjord system, an important spawning ground for the Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua) stock, was contaminated by significant levels of pollutants such as BFRs, due to the local previous industrial activities. In this study, we demonstrated high level of the BFRs polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cod liver and gonad samples from Borgundfjorden using mass spectroscopy (MS) detectors by Norwegian National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES). Acute embryo toxicity test was further conducted using fertilized cod eggs. The eggs were short-term exposed to serial dilutions of five BFRs mixtures, BDE-47, or PCB mixture Aroclor 1254. At a concentration 10 times that detected in cod liver, the mixture of the five BFRs significantly reduced the embryo survival rate (p <; 0.01). Correspondingly, at 224 μg/L, which was around 10 times of that detected in cod liver, BDE-47 exhibited obvious cod embryo toxicity (p <; 0.01). As a positive control, Aroclor 1254 significantly reduced the embryo survival rate at 400 and 1600 μg/L (p <;0.001). This experiment has laid the foundation for further research on environmentally hazardous impact on the reproductive capacity of aquatic organisms, which will directly influence the fish stocks growing potential and thereby the Norwegian fishery activity.
International Journal of Simulation Systems Science & Technology, 2020
ECMS 2014 Proceedings edited by: Flaminio Squazzoni, Fabio Baronio, Claudia Archetti, Marco Castellani, 2014
In this paper, we present two optimisation methods for a generic boids swarm model which is deriv... more In this paper, we present two optimisation methods for a generic boids swarm model which is derived from the original Reynolds' boids model to simulate the aggregate moving of a fish school. The aggregate motion is the result of the interaction of the relatively simple behaviours of the individual simulated boids 1. The aggregate moving vector is a linear combination of every simple behaviour rule vector. The moving vector coefficients should be identified and optimised to have a realistic flocking moving behaviour. We proposed two methods to optimise these coefficients, by using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO). Both GA and PSO are population based heuristic search techniques which can be used to solve the optimisation problems. The experimental results show that optimisation of boids model by using PSO is faster and gives better convergence than using GA.
EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2018
The concept of quality in accordance with ISO 9000 emphasizes a holistic view of organizations. T... more The concept of quality in accordance with ISO 9000 emphasizes a holistic view of organizations. This holistic view requires a description language to modulate organizations to specify the implied quality needs. Systems theory represents a holistic generic method of modeling organizations. This paper suggests the general systems theory as a generic method of modeling quality systems. The method is based on a simple rule: begin with the definition of quality, introduce the doctrine of duality to enhance a new quality aspect, and continue the quality doctrine to enhance new aspects in a tree structure. Based on this simple rule, the total aspect of a quality system model is specified, in which a quality system is represented by dual views. System architecture represents how a quality system is organized, system dynamics represents how the quality systems are developing with time, system ethics represents the quality system purpose and system learning represents the ability to adapt to ...
Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
This study utilizes time-series data devised to measure solar irradiation, sea surface temperatur... more This study utilizes time-series data devised to measure solar irradiation, sea surface temperatures, and temperatures in the lower atmosphere to gain a better understanding of how gravitational effects from the moon and Jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) influence solar activity and climatic conditions on Earth. Then, standard statistical methods are used to determine the degree of correlation among these time series and construct a Jovian gravitational model. The study reveals a direct relationship between JSUN perihelion coincidences and TSI amplitude variations in cycles up to 4,450 years. The forced solar accumulation of heat in oceans introduces a new phase relation between solar forced cycles and new climate variation. Earth’s axis nutation cycles have coincidences with lunar nodal tide cycles and lunar forced sea surface temperature cycle periods up to 446 years. Earth’s temperature variation shows coincidence with constructive and destructive interference ...
New Astronomy, 2017
The total solar irradiation (TSI) is the primary quantity of energy that is provided to the Earth... more The total solar irradiation (TSI) is the primary quantity of energy that is provided to the Earth. The properties of the TSI variability are critical for understanding the cause of the irradiation variability and its expected influence on climate variations. A deterministic property of TSI variability can provide information about future irradiation variability and expected long-term climate variation, whereas the non-deterministic variability can only explain the past. This study of solar variability is based on an analysis of the TSI data series from 1700 A.D. and 1000 A.D., a sunspot data series from 1611 A.D., and a solar orbit data series from 1000 A.D. The study is based on a wavelet spectrum analysis. First the TSI data series are transformed into a wavelet spectrum. Then the wavelet spectrum is transformed into an autocorrelation spectrum, to identify stationary, subharmonic and coincidence periods in the TSI variability. The results indicate that the TSI and sunspot data series have periodic cycles that is correlated to the solar position oscillation and controlled by gravity force variations from the large planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune and the solar dynamo. A possible explanation is forced oscillations between the large
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are ubiquitous industrial chemicals likely to persistently exi... more Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are ubiquitous industrial chemicals likely to persistently exist in the environment, bioaccumulate in food chains, and even may cause adverse health effects in human. Borgundfjorden fjord system, an important spawning ground for the Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua) stock, was contaminated by significant levels of pollutants such as BFRs, due to the local previous industrial activities. In this study, we demonstrated high level of the BFRs polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cod liver and gonad samples from Borgundfjorden using mass spectroscopy (MS) detectors by Norwegian National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES). Acute embryo toxicity test was further conducted using fertilized cod eggs. The eggs were short-term exposed to serial dilutions of five BFRs mixtures, BDE-47, or PCB mixture Aroclor 1254. At a concentration 10 times that detected in cod liver, the mixture of the five BFRs significantly reduced the embryo survival rate (p <; 0.01). Correspondingly, at 224 μg/L, which was around 10 times of that detected in cod liver, BDE-47 exhibited obvious cod embryo toxicity (p <; 0.01). As a positive control, Aroclor 1254 significantly reduced the embryo survival rate at 400 and 1600 μg/L (p <;0.001). This experiment has laid the foundation for further research on environmentally hazardous impact on the reproductive capacity of aquatic organisms, which will directly influence the fish stocks growing potential and thereby the Norwegian fishery activity.
Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, 2012
The Virtual Region More was a research project to investigate how to utilize visualization and si... more The Virtual Region More was a research project to investigate how to utilize visualization and simulation methods as planning tools for research and teaching in the More region on the west coast of Norway. The project was developed using a bottom-up process to integrate multi-agents in large 3D terrain models. The Virtual Region More became an arena for testing agent models in shipping, fish farming, ecosystems, virus swarms and energy production. The most important result of the project was recognizing that simulating multi-agent systems in position-dependent landscapes leads to complex landscape-dependent systems. Multiagents in large landscapes need generic methods to modulate generic agents. Generic multi-agents in large 3D landscapes need a system view to represent multi-agents in organizations, where agents are controlled by cost functions.
In this paper, we present two optimisation methods for a generic boids swarm model which is deriv... more In this paper, we present two optimisation methods for a generic boids swarm model which is derived from the original Reynolds' boids model to simulate the aggregate moving of a fish school. The aggregate motion is the result of the interaction of the relatively simple behaviours of the individual simulated boids 1 . The aggregate moving vector is a linear combination of every simple behaviour rule vector. The moving vector coefficients should be identified and optimised to have a realistic flocking moving behaviour. We proposed two methods to optimise these coefficients, by using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO). Both GA and PSO are population based heuristic search techniques which can be used to solve the optimisation problems. The experimental results show that optimisation of boids model by using PSO is faster and gives better convergence than using GA.
<p><strong></strong></p><p>... more <p><strong></strong></p><p>A possible relation between plants period oscillations and the Earth&#180;s temperature variability reveals deterministic variations in the Earth&#180;s temperature variability. This study is based on a deterministic solar-lunar model, a wavelet spectrum analysis of global temperature data series from 1850 and a wavelet spectrum analysis of Greenland temperature (GISP-2) from 2000BC.</p><p>&#160;</p><p>The results reveal a period- and phase-relation between the Jovian planets, Total Solar Irradiation variability from 1700, global sea temperature variability from 1850 and Greenland temperature variability from 2000B.C. in a multidecadal spectrum of 4480 years. The results are explained by interference between accumulated solar-forced and lunar-forced periods in oceans. The climate response from solar-lunar forced periods explain Grand Solar minimum periods from 1000A.D. the Little Ice Age from 1640 to 1850, the Deep Freeze minimum at 1710 A.D. and the global temperature growth from 1850 to 2000. The solar-lunar model computes a modern global maximum temperature at 2030A.D. and an upcoming Grand Solar minimum at 2062A.D. and an upcoming deep temperature minimum at 2070A.D.</p><p>&#160;</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Solar-lunar interference; Deep solar minima; Earth&#8217;s temperature variability; Global temperature minima.</p><p><strong>&#160;</strong></p>
The paper presents a wavelet spectrum analysis of the time series from the Polar movement, the Ar... more The paper presents a wavelet spectrum analysis of the time series from the Polar movement, the Arctic ice extent, the Kola temperature, and the NAO winter index. The results show that all time series have dominant harmonic and sub-harmonic cycles which are correlated to the 18.6 yr lunar nodal spectrum. The lunar spectrum is explained by an Arctic oscillation caused by gravity from the 18.6 yr lunar nodal cycle. The oscillating gravity force from the Moon is distributed on the Earth as a lunar nodal spectrum and observed as an oscillating climate disturbance. The spectrum has stationary cycle periods and time variant phases. The time variant phase is controlled by a dominant sub-harmonic cycle of 74 years which modulates a phase-reversal in higher frequent periods. The identified lunar nodal spectrum in all time series are explained by a mutual related Arctic Oscillation system.
Not to be cited without prior reference to the author. The Barents Sea ecosystem dynamics as a co... more Not to be cited without prior reference to the author. The Barents Sea ecosystem dynamics as a coupled oscillator
Pattern Recognition in Physics, 2013
In a collection of research papers devoted to the problem of solar variability and its origin in ... more In a collection of research papers devoted to the problem of solar variability and its origin in planetary beat, it is demonstrated that the forcing function originates from gravitational and inertial effects on the Sun from the planets and their satellites. This conclusion is shared by nineteen co-authors.