numpy.roots — NumPy v2.2 Manual (original) (raw)

numpy.roots(p)[source]#

Return the roots of a polynomial with coefficients given in p.

Note

This forms part of the old polynomial API. Since version 1.4, the new polynomial API defined in numpy.polynomial is preferred. A summary of the differences can be found in thetransition guide.

The values in the rank-1 array p are coefficients of a polynomial. If the length of p is n+1 then the polynomial is described by:

p[0] * xn + p[1] * x(n-1) + ... + p[n-1]*x + p[n]

Parameters:

parray_like

Rank-1 array of polynomial coefficients.

Returns:

outndarray

An array containing the roots of the polynomial.

Raises:

ValueError

When p cannot be converted to a rank-1 array.

See also

poly

Find the coefficients of a polynomial with a given sequence of roots.

polyval

Compute polynomial values.

polyfit

Least squares polynomial fit.

poly1d

A one-dimensional polynomial class.

Notes

The algorithm relies on computing the eigenvalues of the companion matrix [1].

References

[1]

R. A. Horn & C. R. Johnson, Matrix Analysis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 146-7.

Examples

import numpy as np coeff = [3.2, 2, 1] np.roots(coeff) array([-0.3125+0.46351241j, -0.3125-0.46351241j])