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Papers by Girardin Jean-Louis

Research paper thumbnail of 1012 Examining Daytime Sleepiness, Sleep Apnea, and Cognitive Decline in a 2-year Longitudinal Sample of Cognitively Normal Elderly

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep health disparity: the putative role of race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status

Sleep Medicine and Disorders: International Journal, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of 0879 Associations Between Self-Reported Sleep Duration and the new AHA/ACC High Blood Pressure Guidelines: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Research paper thumbnail of 0376 Demographic and Socioeconomic Implications of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in the Community

Sleep, 2020

Introduction Daytime sleepiness impairs daily functioning and may be directly related to insuffic... more Introduction Daytime sleepiness impairs daily functioning and may be directly related to insufficient nighttime sleep. Previous studies have assessed disparities in sleep duration and quality, but community-level disparities in daytime sleepiness using validated measures are lacking. Methods Data were from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study of N=1007 adults age 22-60. Daytime sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Predictors included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and social class (“Upper middle class or above,” “Middle class,” “Lower middle class,” “Poor,” or “Very Poor”). One-way ANOVAs evaluated group differences. Stepwise linear modeling evaluated ESS score relative to sociodemographic predictors. Final models included all variables entered together to evaluate independent effects. Finally, habitual sleep duration was entered as an additional covariate. Results ESS score was higher among racial/ethn...

Research paper thumbnail of 0210 Healthcare Financial Hardship and Habitual Sleep Duration, Impact on Sleep Disparities, and Impact on the Sleep-Obesity Relationship

Research paper thumbnail of 0756 Short Sleep Duration Drives Accelerated Aging in the United States Especially Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities

Research paper thumbnail of Metabolic Effects of Marijuana Use Among Blacks

Journal of disease and global health

Increased legalization of marijuana has resulted in renewed interest in its effects on body weigh... more Increased legalization of marijuana has resulted in renewed interest in its effects on body weight and cardiometabolic risk. Conflicting data exist regarding marijuana effects on body weight, waist circumference as well as lipid profiles, blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, there is a dearth of data available on this effect in the black population. To assess the metabolic profile and cardiovascular risk factors as well as body weight and waist circumference among urban black marijuana users. A cross sectional study design involving 100 patients seen in a Family Practice clinic at University hospital of Brooklyn, NY, USA, over a period of 3 months from January 2014 to March 2014. Participants were administered a questionnaire regarding marijuana use, and other associated behaviors. Socio-demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were collected. We report measures of central tendencies, and dispersion for continuous variables and the frequency of distribution for ...

Research paper thumbnail of Differential increase in prevalence estimates of inadequate sleep among black and white Americans

Research paper thumbnail of Importance of recognizing sleep health disparities and implementing innovative interventions to reduce these disparities

Research paper thumbnail of Implications of sleep and energy drink use for health disparities

Nutrition Reviews, 2014

The popularity of energy drinks has increased rapidly in the past decade. One of the main reasons... more The popularity of energy drinks has increased rapidly in the past decade. One of the main reasons people use energy drinks is to counteract effects of insufficient sleep or sleepiness. Risks associated with energy drink use, including those related to sleep loss, may be disproportionately borne by racial minorities and those of lower socioeconomic status. In this review, a brief introduction to the issue of health disparities is provided, population-level disparities and inequalities in sleep are described, and the social-ecological model of sleep and health is presented. Social and demographic patterns of energy drink use are then presented, followed by discussion of the potential ways in which energy drink use may contribute to health disparities, including the following: 1) effects of excessive caffeine in energy drinks, 2) effects of energy drinks as sugar-sweetened beverages, 3) association between energy drinks and risk-taking behaviors when mixed with alcohol, 4) association between energy drink use and short sleep duration, and 5) role of energy drinks in cardiometabolic disease. The review concludes with a research agenda of critical unanswered questions.

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep Duration and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiologic Evidence and Pathophysiologic Insights

Current Diabetes Reports, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep Apnea and Diabetes: Insights into the Emerging Epidemic

Current Diabetes Reports, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Attachment styles and sleep measures in a community-based sample of older adults

Research paper thumbnail of Circadian rhythm dysfunction in glaucoma: A hypothesis

Journal of Circadian Rhythms, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Cardiovascular disease risk reduction with sleep apnea treatment

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Race/Ethnicity, Sleep Duration, and Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis of the National Health Interview Survey

The American Journal of Medicine, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of 0858 Associations between Sleep Duration and Cholesterol Levels among Hispanics: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey

SLEEP

Introduction Short sleep (< 7 hours of sleep/24 hr. period) duration is associated with unheal... more Introduction Short sleep (< 7 hours of sleep/24 hr. period) duration is associated with unhealthy cholesterol levels, a significant cardiovascular risk marker. Precious epidemiological studies indicate that Hispanics are at increased risk for hypercholesteremia. However, little is known about whether sleep duration contributes to high cholesterol levels, among Hispanics. We sought to investigate the following: 1) Examine whether sleep duration predicts cholesterol levels; 2) Examine whether this relationship differs in Hispanics in comparison to non-Hispanics. Methods This study was based on the 2020 National Health Interview Survey. Cholesterol, the outcome, is defined as whether an individual had high cholesterol during the last 12 months. Sleep quantity was categorized as follows: short sleep (< 7 hours), healthy sleep (7-8 hours), and long sleep (≥9 hours). For stratified analyses, we investigated whether the relationship between sleep duration and cholesterol differed bet...

Research paper thumbnail of 0235 Sleep Duration and Timing Associated with Eating Behaviors: Data from NHANES 2015–2016

Sleep, 2020

Introduction Previous studies have shown that, in the laboratory, sleep deprivation leads to unhe... more Introduction Previous studies have shown that, in the laboratory, sleep deprivation leads to unhealthy eating patterns. In real-world samples, lack of sleep is associated with obesity. Few real-world studies of sleep and food intake patterns exist, especially from nationally-representative samples. Methods Data from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. NHANES is a national-representative survey collected by the CDC. N=6,291 participants provided data about dietary behaviors and sleep timing. Dietary behaviors included the number of meals not made at home in the past 7 days (NOTHOME), number of fast food/pizza meals in the past 7 days (FASTFOOD), number of pre-made meals in the past 30 days (PREMADE), and number of frozen meals in the past 30 days (FROZEN). Linear regression models examined these as outcomes and predictors including bedtime (minutes), waketime (minutes), sleep duration (hours), and daytime tiredness/fatigue (never, rarely...

Research paper thumbnail of 0404 Jewish-Arab Disparities in Sleep Behaviors and Differential Ethnic Impact on Daytime Functioning, Driving Safety, and Health in Israel

Sleep, 2020

Introduction In Israel, those with Arabic as compared to Jewish ethnicity, exhibit poorer health ... more Introduction In Israel, those with Arabic as compared to Jewish ethnicity, exhibit poorer health and motor vehicle safety behaviors. Their ethnic differences in sleep duration and quality may modulate their vulnerabilities to these behaviors. Methods 7,230 Israeli individuals (N=5,880 Jewish and N=1350 Arabic) responded to the 2017 Israeli Bureau of Statistics population-based survey of households. Variables were self-reported. Outcomes included sleepiness, sleep medications, functional impairment, drowsy driving, overall health, 1-year health change, and obesity. Predictors included categorical sleep duration (<=5, 6, 7, 8 [reference], or >=9 hours) and sleep disturbance in the past month (none [reference], mild [1/week], moderate [2-3/week], or severe [>3/week]). Covariates included age, sex, and financial status. Ethnicity (Jewish/Arabic) was treated as a predictor of sleep and behavioral outcomes. Results When compared to normal (8-hour) sleepers, Jewish as compared to ...

Research paper thumbnail of Four-Year Trends in Sleep Duration and Quality: A Longitudinal Study Using Data from a Commercially Available Sleep Tracker

Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2020

Background Population estimates of sleep duration and quality are inconsistent because they rely ... more Background Population estimates of sleep duration and quality are inconsistent because they rely primarily on self-reported data. Passive and ubiquitous digital tracking and wearable devices may provide more accurate estimates of sleep duration and quality. Objective This study aimed to identify trends in sleep duration and quality in New York City based on 2 million nights of data from users of a popular mobile sleep app. Methods We examined sleep duration and quality using 2,161,067 nights of data captured from 2015 to 2018 by Sleep Cycle, a popular sleep-tracking app. In this analysis, we explored differences in sleep parameters based on demographic factors, including age and sex. We used graphical matrix representations of data (heat maps) and geospatial analyses to compare sleep duration (in hours) and sleep quality (based on time in bed, deep sleep time, sleep consistency, and number of times fully awake), considering potential effects of day of the week and seasonality. Resul...

Research paper thumbnail of 1012 Examining Daytime Sleepiness, Sleep Apnea, and Cognitive Decline in a 2-year Longitudinal Sample of Cognitively Normal Elderly

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep health disparity: the putative role of race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status

Sleep Medicine and Disorders: International Journal, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of 0879 Associations Between Self-Reported Sleep Duration and the new AHA/ACC High Blood Pressure Guidelines: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Research paper thumbnail of 0376 Demographic and Socioeconomic Implications of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in the Community

Sleep, 2020

Introduction Daytime sleepiness impairs daily functioning and may be directly related to insuffic... more Introduction Daytime sleepiness impairs daily functioning and may be directly related to insufficient nighttime sleep. Previous studies have assessed disparities in sleep duration and quality, but community-level disparities in daytime sleepiness using validated measures are lacking. Methods Data were from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study of N=1007 adults age 22-60. Daytime sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Predictors included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and social class (“Upper middle class or above,” “Middle class,” “Lower middle class,” “Poor,” or “Very Poor”). One-way ANOVAs evaluated group differences. Stepwise linear modeling evaluated ESS score relative to sociodemographic predictors. Final models included all variables entered together to evaluate independent effects. Finally, habitual sleep duration was entered as an additional covariate. Results ESS score was higher among racial/ethn...

Research paper thumbnail of 0210 Healthcare Financial Hardship and Habitual Sleep Duration, Impact on Sleep Disparities, and Impact on the Sleep-Obesity Relationship

Research paper thumbnail of 0756 Short Sleep Duration Drives Accelerated Aging in the United States Especially Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities

Research paper thumbnail of Metabolic Effects of Marijuana Use Among Blacks

Journal of disease and global health

Increased legalization of marijuana has resulted in renewed interest in its effects on body weigh... more Increased legalization of marijuana has resulted in renewed interest in its effects on body weight and cardiometabolic risk. Conflicting data exist regarding marijuana effects on body weight, waist circumference as well as lipid profiles, blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, there is a dearth of data available on this effect in the black population. To assess the metabolic profile and cardiovascular risk factors as well as body weight and waist circumference among urban black marijuana users. A cross sectional study design involving 100 patients seen in a Family Practice clinic at University hospital of Brooklyn, NY, USA, over a period of 3 months from January 2014 to March 2014. Participants were administered a questionnaire regarding marijuana use, and other associated behaviors. Socio-demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were collected. We report measures of central tendencies, and dispersion for continuous variables and the frequency of distribution for ...

Research paper thumbnail of Differential increase in prevalence estimates of inadequate sleep among black and white Americans

Research paper thumbnail of Importance of recognizing sleep health disparities and implementing innovative interventions to reduce these disparities

Research paper thumbnail of Implications of sleep and energy drink use for health disparities

Nutrition Reviews, 2014

The popularity of energy drinks has increased rapidly in the past decade. One of the main reasons... more The popularity of energy drinks has increased rapidly in the past decade. One of the main reasons people use energy drinks is to counteract effects of insufficient sleep or sleepiness. Risks associated with energy drink use, including those related to sleep loss, may be disproportionately borne by racial minorities and those of lower socioeconomic status. In this review, a brief introduction to the issue of health disparities is provided, population-level disparities and inequalities in sleep are described, and the social-ecological model of sleep and health is presented. Social and demographic patterns of energy drink use are then presented, followed by discussion of the potential ways in which energy drink use may contribute to health disparities, including the following: 1) effects of excessive caffeine in energy drinks, 2) effects of energy drinks as sugar-sweetened beverages, 3) association between energy drinks and risk-taking behaviors when mixed with alcohol, 4) association between energy drink use and short sleep duration, and 5) role of energy drinks in cardiometabolic disease. The review concludes with a research agenda of critical unanswered questions.

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep Duration and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiologic Evidence and Pathophysiologic Insights

Current Diabetes Reports, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep Apnea and Diabetes: Insights into the Emerging Epidemic

Current Diabetes Reports, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Attachment styles and sleep measures in a community-based sample of older adults

Research paper thumbnail of Circadian rhythm dysfunction in glaucoma: A hypothesis

Journal of Circadian Rhythms, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Cardiovascular disease risk reduction with sleep apnea treatment

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Race/Ethnicity, Sleep Duration, and Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis of the National Health Interview Survey

The American Journal of Medicine, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of 0858 Associations between Sleep Duration and Cholesterol Levels among Hispanics: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey

SLEEP

Introduction Short sleep (< 7 hours of sleep/24 hr. period) duration is associated with unheal... more Introduction Short sleep (< 7 hours of sleep/24 hr. period) duration is associated with unhealthy cholesterol levels, a significant cardiovascular risk marker. Precious epidemiological studies indicate that Hispanics are at increased risk for hypercholesteremia. However, little is known about whether sleep duration contributes to high cholesterol levels, among Hispanics. We sought to investigate the following: 1) Examine whether sleep duration predicts cholesterol levels; 2) Examine whether this relationship differs in Hispanics in comparison to non-Hispanics. Methods This study was based on the 2020 National Health Interview Survey. Cholesterol, the outcome, is defined as whether an individual had high cholesterol during the last 12 months. Sleep quantity was categorized as follows: short sleep (< 7 hours), healthy sleep (7-8 hours), and long sleep (≥9 hours). For stratified analyses, we investigated whether the relationship between sleep duration and cholesterol differed bet...

Research paper thumbnail of 0235 Sleep Duration and Timing Associated with Eating Behaviors: Data from NHANES 2015–2016

Sleep, 2020

Introduction Previous studies have shown that, in the laboratory, sleep deprivation leads to unhe... more Introduction Previous studies have shown that, in the laboratory, sleep deprivation leads to unhealthy eating patterns. In real-world samples, lack of sleep is associated with obesity. Few real-world studies of sleep and food intake patterns exist, especially from nationally-representative samples. Methods Data from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. NHANES is a national-representative survey collected by the CDC. N=6,291 participants provided data about dietary behaviors and sleep timing. Dietary behaviors included the number of meals not made at home in the past 7 days (NOTHOME), number of fast food/pizza meals in the past 7 days (FASTFOOD), number of pre-made meals in the past 30 days (PREMADE), and number of frozen meals in the past 30 days (FROZEN). Linear regression models examined these as outcomes and predictors including bedtime (minutes), waketime (minutes), sleep duration (hours), and daytime tiredness/fatigue (never, rarely...

Research paper thumbnail of 0404 Jewish-Arab Disparities in Sleep Behaviors and Differential Ethnic Impact on Daytime Functioning, Driving Safety, and Health in Israel

Sleep, 2020

Introduction In Israel, those with Arabic as compared to Jewish ethnicity, exhibit poorer health ... more Introduction In Israel, those with Arabic as compared to Jewish ethnicity, exhibit poorer health and motor vehicle safety behaviors. Their ethnic differences in sleep duration and quality may modulate their vulnerabilities to these behaviors. Methods 7,230 Israeli individuals (N=5,880 Jewish and N=1350 Arabic) responded to the 2017 Israeli Bureau of Statistics population-based survey of households. Variables were self-reported. Outcomes included sleepiness, sleep medications, functional impairment, drowsy driving, overall health, 1-year health change, and obesity. Predictors included categorical sleep duration (<=5, 6, 7, 8 [reference], or >=9 hours) and sleep disturbance in the past month (none [reference], mild [1/week], moderate [2-3/week], or severe [>3/week]). Covariates included age, sex, and financial status. Ethnicity (Jewish/Arabic) was treated as a predictor of sleep and behavioral outcomes. Results When compared to normal (8-hour) sleepers, Jewish as compared to ...

Research paper thumbnail of Four-Year Trends in Sleep Duration and Quality: A Longitudinal Study Using Data from a Commercially Available Sleep Tracker

Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2020

Background Population estimates of sleep duration and quality are inconsistent because they rely ... more Background Population estimates of sleep duration and quality are inconsistent because they rely primarily on self-reported data. Passive and ubiquitous digital tracking and wearable devices may provide more accurate estimates of sleep duration and quality. Objective This study aimed to identify trends in sleep duration and quality in New York City based on 2 million nights of data from users of a popular mobile sleep app. Methods We examined sleep duration and quality using 2,161,067 nights of data captured from 2015 to 2018 by Sleep Cycle, a popular sleep-tracking app. In this analysis, we explored differences in sleep parameters based on demographic factors, including age and sex. We used graphical matrix representations of data (heat maps) and geospatial analyses to compare sleep duration (in hours) and sleep quality (based on time in bed, deep sleep time, sleep consistency, and number of times fully awake), considering potential effects of day of the week and seasonality. Resul...