Sakariyau A . Waheed - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sakariyau A . Waheed
Inhibition of ATP Production in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by aLibrary of N-(1H-Indol-4-ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide and N-(1H-Indol-5-ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide Analogs
ChemMedChem, 2025
A library of 50 indolyl sulfonamides and 9 amide analogs based upon the 4-indolyl and 5-indolyl f... more A library of 50 indolyl sulfonamides and 9 amide analogs based upon the 4-indolyl and 5-indolyl frameworks has been synthesized to target the metabolic processes of pancreatic cancer. Thirteen of the 50 compounds were identified as cytotoxic at 50 Musing a traditional (48-hour compound exposure) assay against 7pancreatic cancer cell lines and 1 non-cancerous cell line. The potential role of the compounds as metabolic inhibitors of ATP production was then evaluated using a rapid screening (1-2 hour compound exposure) assay developed within our laboratories. The rapid assay identified 10 compounds as strong or moderate hits at 3M against the panel of pancreatic and non-cancerous cell lines. TheIC50 values of the active compounds were determined using the rapid assay in the absence of glucose and four of the compounds displayed an IC50 value <1 M against one or more pancreatic cancer cell lines. Comparison of IC50 values of the active compounds in the presence of glucose implicates the potential role of the compounds as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitors of ATP production. Lastly, a series of amide analogs were synthesized and screened for activity to determine the structural importance of the sulfonamide functionality.
Aspects of Molecular Medicine, 2025
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are increasingly recognized as contributors to the pathogenesis of c... more Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are increasingly recognized as contributors to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer due to their adverse compositional and mechanistic effects. UPFs, distinguished by their high content of unhealthy fats, sodium, refined sugars, and synthetic additives, significantly increase dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity, which are key risk factors for CVDs. Chronic consumption leads to systemic inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Additives such as artificial sweeteners and sodium nitrites in UPFs are associated with carcinogenesis through mechanisms involving genotoxicity and promotion of inflammatory microenvironments. This review critically evaluates existing epidemiological, mechanistic, and clinical evidence linking UPFs consumption to CVDs and cancer, synthesizing insights into their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and highlighting disparities in disease burden across diverse populations. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that UPFs constitute over 50% of daily caloric intake in Western diets, with each 10% increase in UPF consumption associated with a 12% rise in CVDs risk and a comparable increase in cancer incidence. Addressing the global surge in UPF consumption through dietary guidelines, regulatory policies, and public health initiatives may mitigate these risks, improve metabolic and cardiovascular health, and reduce cancer prevalence.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 2025
Background: Breast cancer is a type of malignancy that originates in the breast tissue. It occurs... more Background: Breast cancer is a type of malignancy that originates in the breast tissue. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor. The study aims to evaluate the awareness of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination (BSE) practices among female National Youth Corps Service (NYSC) members In Ibadan. Method: A retrospective study was conducted using data obtained from the female corps members in Ibadan, which cut across all ages, irrespective of syndicate, religion, Marital status, level, and educational status. Results: The research revealed that the majority of the respondents have heard of breast cancer, 136 85%. Just a few of them, 15%, haven't, while only 5% of them have a family history of breast cancer, and 90% of them don't have. Unfortunately, only a few of them (17.5%) have discussed breast cancer with healthcare providers. Also, it was observed that 70% (112) of them had heard about Breast Self-Examination, but it was quite disheartening that only 27.5% (44) of them knew the proper technique of doing it, and few of them, 32.5% (52) just received training on Breast Self-Examination while 82.5% (132) of them doesn't know the causes of the breast cancer which shows their limitations on breast cancer. Conclusion: a study on breast cancer awareness and breast self-examination practices among female National Youth Corps Service (NYSC) Members in Ibadan was conducted.
The Nucleus, 2025
Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of novel ... more Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have emerged as effective treatments by enhancing incretin-mediated insulin secretion. Here, we investigated bioactive compounds from three African plants-Ocimum gratissimum, Colocasia esculenta L., and Jatropha curcas L.-as potential DPP-4 inhibitors through an integrative computational approach. Using molecular docking, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profiling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and MM-GBSA (molecular mechanics energies combined with generalized Born and surface area continuum solvation) free energy calculations, we assessed the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic properties, and stability of these compounds. Also, 100-ns MD simulation with MM-GBSA analysis using Desmond and Prime modules, respectively, was carried out on the top two hit compounds. The results here revealed that salvigenin and daidzein have good drug-likeness profiles, binding potentials, acceptable ADMET properties, and more stable protein-ligand complexes. Conclusively, the current computeraided modeling showed that daidzein and salvigenin might have the potential to inhibit DPP-4 activity in diabetes mellitus. Due to this finding, we suggest robust wet laboratory experiments to facilitate the deployment of both compounds in the fight to manage diabetes mellitus.
Environmental Health Insights, 2025
Objectives: In everyday language, climate change is an increase in the Earth’s average temperatur... more Objectives: In everyday language, climate change is an increase in the Earth’s average
temperature. Climate change negatively affects life support systems, including air, food,
water, shelter, and security, on which humans depend. This paper aims to holistically
integrate maternal and child health into climate change.
Methods: A narrative/literature review approach were adopted using papers sources from
google scholar, research gate and web of science. About 10 papers was initially gathered
and it was later scrutinized to 6.
Results: It was discovered that, climate change negatively impacts food and water
security, heat stress, extreme weather, and air pollution, with women and children most
affected. The World Health Organization estimates 250,000 climate-related deaths
annually by 2050, disproportionately affecting maternal and child health. Integrating
climate and maternal health strategies could offer benefits, yet research on adapting to
climate change’s effects on pregnancy outcomes is limited.
Conclusion: Addressing maternal and child health requires integrating health-focused
strategies into environmental policies to reduce vulnerabilities to climate-related risks. A
comprehensive approach can enhance resilience by improving healthcare access,
education, and sustainable resource management, benefiting public health and
environmental outcomes.
Keywords: heat, malnutrition, forced migration, infectious diseases, mental health problems
Environmental Health Insights, 2025
Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals that are wi... more Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals that are widely present in many industries. Monitoring and analyzing PFAS in Africa is challenging due to the limited availability of mass spectrometry (MS), which is an essential technique for detecting PFAS. This review assesses the scope and impact of the shortage of mass spectrometry instruments in Africa, emphasizing the resulting limitations in monitoring environmental and public health threats. The review analyzes the existing PFAS monitoring, the accessibility of MS instruments, and the technical capabilities within the continent. This study suggests that fewer African countries have sufficient MS instruments, resulting in significant underreport of environmental data and related public health issues. The review proposes financial support and programs to address these difficulties to provide necessary MS instruments. The review suggests that it is highly important to develop regional centers of excellence for PFAS monitoring using MS instruments and investing in training programs to address the gap in monitoring efforts. So, enhancing these are crucial for the successful management of the environment and safeguarding public health from the effects of PFAS contamination.
Keywords
Challenges, method, mass spectrometry, PFAS, Africa, environmental monitoring
BIOMED Natural and Applied Science, 2024
ABSTRACT Background: The coexistence of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)... more ABSTRACT
Background: The coexistence of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and pulmonary fibrosis poses significant challenges in clinical management due to shared risk factors, overlapping pathogenic mechanisms, and the complexity of co-managing multimorbid conditions. Smoking, environmental exposures, and genetic predispositions are critical shared risk factors, while common molecular mechanisms such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and aberrant tissue remodeling contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. This review comprehensively examines the prevalence, shared mechanisms, and clinical implications of these comorbid conditions, emphasizing the importance of integrated management strategies
to improve patient outcomes. We further highlight research gaps and propose future directions for personalized therapeutic approaches.
Keywords: Lung cancer; Multimorbidity; Oxidative Stress; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT); Shared Molecular Mechanisms; Integrated Management Strategies; Chronic Inflammation.
International Journal of Applied Chemical and Biological Sciences, Jul 7, 2021
Trypanosomes are causative agent of trypanosomiasis, which is transmitted by tsetse fly. Trypanos... more Trypanosomes are causative agent of trypanosomiasis, which is transmitted by tsetse fly. Trypanosomiasis is characterized by intermittent fever, anaemia, and frequent diarrhoea. The main purpose of the research was to ascertain the in vivo anti trypanosomal and antioxidant property of aqueous extract from Allium sativum bulb on Trypanosoma congolense infected mice. The acute toxicity study of A. sativum was also determined using Lorke's method, where different extract doses (10 mg/kg to 5000 mg/kg body weight (b/w)) were administered orally. The anti-trypanosomal, DPPH antioxidant activity and hematological studies were also deduced using standard methods. The acute toxicity recorded zero death both in phase I and phase II after a day (24 hours), and the lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 5000 mg/kg bw. Mean parasitemia count, packed cell volume (PCV) and body weight (kg) were monitored in anti-trypanosomal screening at doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg bw (treatment group) including positive and negative control group which had been given standard drug (diaminazine aceturate) and water respectively. Among the treatment groups, 500 mg/kg bw was highly effective in all the screened parameters. However, the hematological screening after the treatment days (16 days) showed that, PCV (36.00±2.00b %; normal range: 35-45 %) and RBC (9.48±0.53c cells/µl of blood; normal range: 5.50-10.20×106 cells/µl of blood) recorded the highest values in extract dose of 500 mg/kg bw. DPPH antioxidant showed IC50 of 56.19±0.00d and 38.07±0.00a in garlic and vitamin C respectively. These results signify that A. sativum may have high efficacy as anti-trypanosomal agents, which could be used as an alternative drug in the management of trypanosomiasis.
Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Background: Trypanosomes cause the parasitic condition, which is transmitted by tsetse fly. The d... more Background: Trypanosomes cause the parasitic condition, which is transmitted by tsetse fly. The disease is characterized by intermittent fever, anemia, and frequent diarrhea. This study examined antioxidant and anti-trypanosomal effects of the aqueous extract of garlic in mice. Methods: The extract’s phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity were performed based on standard methods. The acute toxicity was evaluated via Lorke’s method and the anti-trypanosomal effect was evaluated in mice at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg over 16 days. Results: The screening identified phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins. Phenols were present at the highest amount (291.88±6.12 mg/100g) and alkaloids were present the least (13.66±0.03 mg/100g). At 100 µg/mL, the extract quenched 53.20% of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 12.44 µg/mL. The lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined to be >5000 mg/kg in mice. The extract...
Bulletin of Natural Sciences Research, 2024
ABSTRACT Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trypanosomes, which are flagellate protoz... more ABSTRACT
Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trypanosomes, which are flagellate protozoa transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly, manifests with symptoms including substantial weight loss, anemia, fever, edema, adenitis, dermatitis, and nervous disorders. This research investigated the impact of trypanosomiasis on a murine model while utilizing Corchorus olitorius leaf extract as a potential trypanocidal agent. An acute toxicity analysis was conducted following Lorke’s method, and the antitrypanosomal efficacy was assessed in rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg over three weeks, monitoring changes in parasitemia count, body weight, and hematological parameters. Additionally, lipid profile, electrolyte concentration, and liver and kidney function were evaluated using standard techniques. The extract demonstrated potent antitrypanosomal activity at 400 mg/kg, significantly reducing the parasitemia count to 11.33±4.16 count/mL compared to the positive control at 2.5 mg/kg body weight doses. Furthermore, the 400 mg/kg dose notably increased packed cell volume and body weight in infected rats. Moreover, there were no significant discrepancies in numerous hematological parameters between the infected treated with diminazene aceturate and the extract's 400 mg/kg body weight. This study suggests that Corchorus olitorius extract exhibits significant antitrypanosomal, antilipidemic, and erythropoietic effects, mitigating parasitemia count, lipid levels, and oxidative damage by impeding the biochemical activities of trypanosomes through its active constituents. Thus, Corchorus olitorius extract may offer an alternative therapeutic approach for managing trypanosomal infections.
Keywords: Corchorus olitorius, Parasite, Phytochemical Analysis, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosomiasis.
Results in Chemistry, 2024
In this study, the copper(II) complex [Cu(chromoneTSC)Cl2]•0·.5H2O•0.0625C2H5OH (where chromoneTS... more In this study, the copper(II) complex [Cu(chromoneTSC)Cl2]•0·.5H2O•0.0625C2H5OH (where chromoneTSC = (E)-N-Ethyl-2-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)-hydrazinecarbothioamide) was synthesized and characterized; then used to carry out in vitro studies in combination with berberine chloride (BBC). The ligand and complex were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. The cytotoxic effect was analyzed by using the CCK-8 viability assay in cancer MDA-MB-231 VIM RFP and non-cancer MCF-10A cell lines. The IC50 values for the complex and BBC were 21.2 ± 1.6 and 48.3 ± 2.4 μM, respectively at 24 h incubation, while the IC50 value of the combination treatment was 9.3 ± 1.5 in cancer cells. The co-treatment group significantly increased the number of cells in G2 phase, indicating the growth arrest of cancer cells. Moreover, the combination group showed induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. There was also a study on the effect of the combination treatment on receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) as biomarkers of necroptosis. The results showed activation of necroptosis after treatment with the combination of the copper complex and BBC via the activation of RIPK3–MLKL pathway.
ChemMedChem, 2024
A library of 26 indolyl sulfonamides and 12 amide and ester analogs based upon the 6-indolyl fram... more A library of 26 indolyl sulfonamides and 12 amide and ester analogs based upon the 6-indolyl framework has been synthesized in an effort to target pancreatic cancer. The cytotoxicity of the indolyl sulfonamide compounds has been determined using a traditional (48-hour compound exposure) assay against 7 pancreatic cancer cell lines and 1 non-cancerous cell line. The potential role of the compounds as metabolic inhibitors of ATP production was evaluated using a rapid screening (2-hour compound exposure) assay developed within our laboratories. The IC50 values of the active compounds were determined using the rapid assay and six compounds displayed an IC50 value <5 μM against one or more pancreatic cancer cell lines. The ester analogs also display significant activity as potential metabolic inhibitors of ATP production with four of the six compounds displaying an IC50 value <5 μM against one or more pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Keywords: chemotherapy resistance; indole; pancreatic cancer; sulfonamide; targeted cancer therapy.
Troponin C gene mutations on cardiac muscle cell and skeletal Regulation: A comprehensive review
Gene, Jun 1, 2024
Background: The troponin complex plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal and cardiac contract... more Background: The troponin complex plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal and cardiac contraction. Congenital myopathies can occur due to several mutations in genes that encode skeletal troponin. Moreover, there is limited information regarding the composition of skeletal troponin. This review specifically examines a comprehensive review of the TNNC gene mutations on cardiac and skeletal regulations. Main body: Troponin C (TNNC) has been linked to a newly discovered inherited muscle disorder. Genetic variations in genes that encode skeletal troponin can impair the function of sarcomeres. Various treatment approaches have been employed to mitigate the impact of variations, including the use of troponin activators, the injection of wild-type protein via AAV gene therapy, and myosin modification to enhance muscle contraction. The processes responsible for the pathophysiological implications of the variations in genes that encode skeletal troponin are not fully understood. Conclusion: This comprehensive review will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between human cardiomyopathy and TNNC mutations and will guide the development of therapy approaches.
Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, Dec 30, 2023
Curcuma longa has long been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties in traditional medici... more Curcuma longa has long been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties in traditional medicine systems, which has received substantial scientific validation. This study aimed to evaluate C. longa methanolic extract's proximate and anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochemical screening of C. longa was done by colorimetric and spectrophotometric approaches (both qualitative and quantitative respectively). Furthermore, a recent approach (standard method) was used to research C. longa's anti-inflammatory effects and proximate components. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed a substantial amount of turbid alkaloid (++) but no steroid (-). Phenol (151.34±1.01 mg/100g) had the highest concentration (5.83%), while flavonoid (22.30±0.62 mg/100g) had the lowest (5.83%), according to the quantitative screening. The anti-inflammatory activity of the C. longa methanolic extract in the treated groups (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight) and the positive control group demonstrated a valuable value (inhibitory values). Paw thickness was also significantly different (reduced) between the 600 mg/kg (0.7 cm at 6 hours) and positive control groups (0.5 cm at 6 hours) deducing the anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric when compared to the negative control groups. The lowest inhibition was noted in the 150 mg/kg bw group when compared to 1-6 hours of treatment. These findings demonstrated the antiinflammatory effects of turmeric and its adjuvant capabilities.
GSC biological and pharmaceutical sciences, Dec 29, 2023
The quest for novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, characterized by reduced side effects and h... more The quest for novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, characterized by reduced side effects and heightened therapeutic efficacy, holds significant importance in addressing hyperuricemia and gout. This study was undertaken to assess the inhibitory properties of Moringa oleifera seed extracts on crude XO. The isolation of crude XO from bovine (cow) milk was achieved through ammonium sulfate precipitation techniques, and its activity was subsequently quantified using spectrophotometric measurements at a wavelength of 293 nm. The impact on xanthine oxidase inhibition was investigated utilizing varying concentrations of Moringa oleifera seed extracts in methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solutions. Among these extracts, the ethyl acetate variant displayed the most robust inhibitory effect, with a notable inhibition rate of 89.16% ± 0.42, followed by the methanol extract at 65.59% ± 0.79 and the aqueous extract at 48.77% ± 0.85. For comparison, the positive control (allopurinol) exhibited an inhibition rate of 94.32% ± 0.66. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme were determined, revealing Vmax and km values of 0.05 U/ml and 131.35 µM, respectively. When the enzyme was exposed to the inhibitory extracts, the resulting Vmax and km values were as follows: ethyl acetate extract; 0.03 U/ml and 77.12 µM, methanol extract; 0.04 U/ml and 131.35 µM, and aqueous extract; 0.02 U/ml and 74.23 µM. This research work establishes a foundation for the potential utilization of Moringa oleifera seed extracts in addressing hyperuricemia and, consequently, gout.
Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery, Oct 30, 2023
A global change in dietary habits has led to the introduction of sweeteners in foods. This study ... more A global change in dietary habits has led to the introduction of sweeteners in foods. This study investigated the effect of concentrations of sucrose on liver enzymes and serum protein levels in Wistar rats. Thirty-five (35) Wistar rats were equally randomized into seven groups and fed with a rat diet mixed with sucrose at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% w/w, while the control group was fed on a normal diet without sucrose. Their blood samples were analyzed for total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, ALK phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ƔGT) levels. The results indicated that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in AST (16.00-82.00 µ/L), ALT (44.00-90.80 µ/L), ALK Phos (44.00-90.80 µ/L), and a corresponding decrease in total proteins (69.80-61.39 g/L), albumin (36.00-34.00 g/L) and .00 µ/L) levels as the concentration of sucrose increased. Rats fed with sucrose diets had higher levels of AST (39.27 µ/L), ALT (14.50 µ/L), and ALK Phos (68.47 µ/L) than rats fed with normal diets. Therefore, high doses of sucrose can cause increases in serum liver enzymes and total proteins that are suggestive of liver necrosis. Hence, by decreasing the concentrations of sucrose, the liver may be protected.
Elsevier, 2024
Background: The troponin complex plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal and cardiac contract... more Background: The troponin complex plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal and cardiac contraction. Congenital myopathies can occur due to several mutations in genes that encode skeletal troponin. Moreover, there is limited information regarding the composition of skeletal troponin. This review specifically examines a comprehensive review of the TNNC gene mutations on cardiac and skeletal regulations. Main body: Troponin C (TNNC) has been linked to a newly discovered inherited muscle disorder. Genetic variations in genes that encode skeletal troponin can impair the function of sarcomeres. Various treatment approaches have been employed to mitigate the impact of variations, including the use of troponin activators, the injection of wild-type protein via AAV gene therapy, and myosin modification to enhance muscle contraction. The processes responsible for the pathophysiological implications of the variations in genes that encode skeletal troponin are not fully understood. Conclusion: This comprehensive review will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between human cardiomyopathy and TNNC mutations and will guide the development of therapy approaches.
International Journal of Biological and Biomedical Resources, 2024
Hyperuricemia presents as a prevailing concern in routine clinical practice, affecting an estimat... more Hyperuricemia presents as a prevailing concern in routine clinical practice, affecting an estimated 8.9% to 24.4% of the general populace. Central to the emergence of hyperuricemia and its associated ailments is the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO), which participates in the breakdown of purines into uric acid. This investigation is dedicated to appraising the ability of Jatropha tanjorensis methanolic extract to counteract hyperuricemia and inhibit XO in mice induced with pyrazinamide. The isolation of XO from cow milk was accomplished using ammonium sulfate precipitation techniques, followed by quantification of its activity via spectrophotometric measurements at a wavelength of 293 nm. Evaluation of uric acid levels was carried out through an enzyme colorimetric approach. The yield of Jatropha tanjorensis was found to be 9.2% (27.6 g). The XO inhibitory action of the extract was evident in the reduction in uric acid concentration from 8.73 μg/ml to 4.45 μg/ml after 1 hour. Assessment of toxicity showed that the extract, even at a high dose of 8000 mg/kg bw, had no observable impact on the animals' behavior or physical appearance. The uric acid assay demonstrated that all three doses of Jatropha tanjorensis extract led to a noteworthy reduction in mean serum uric acid levels compared to the negative control group. The highest mean uric acid levels were noted in the negative control groups, measuring 5.36 ± 0.40 mg/dl and 2.71 ± 0.34 mg/dl, respectively. In contrast, the positive control group treated with febuxostat exhibited a mean uric acid level of 3.15 ± 0.27 mg/dl. Regarding weight changes, the normal control and positive control groups displayed average gains of 62.53 g and 35.94 g, respectively, while the negative control group did not exhibit substantial weight variation. Consequently, the Jatropha tanjorensis extract induced a notable reduction in serum uric acid levels, and this antihyperuricemic effect became more prominent as the extract concentration increased. This suggests the extract's potential value in managing hyperuricemia.
Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 2023
Curcuma longa has long been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties in traditional medici... more Curcuma longa has long been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties in traditional medicine systems, which has received substantial scientific validation. This study aimed to evaluate C. longa methanolic extract's proximate and anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochemical screening of C. longa was done by colorimetric and spectrophotometric approaches (both qualitative and quantitative respectively). Furthermore, a recent approach (standard method) was used to research C. longa's anti-inflammatory effects and proximate components. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed a substantial amount of turbid alkaloid (++) but no steroid (-). Phenol (151.34±1.01 mg/100g) had the highest concentration (5.83%), while flavonoid (22.30±0.62 mg/100g) had the lowest (5.83%), according to the quantitative screening. The anti-inflammatory activity of the C. longa methanolic extract in the treated groups (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight) and the positive control group demonstrated a valuable value (inhibitory values). Paw thickness was also significantly different (reduced) between the 600 mg/kg (0.7 cm at 6 hours) and positive control groups (0.5 cm at 6 hours) deducing the anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric when compared to the negative control groups. The lowest inhibition was noted in the 150 mg/kg bw group when compared to 1-6 hours of treatment. These findings demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric and its adjuvant capabilities.
Keywords: Curcuma longa, inflammation, phytochemical, proximate.
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023
The quest for novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, characterized by reduced side effects and h... more The quest for novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, characterized by reduced side effects and heightened therapeutic efficacy, holds significant importance in addressing hyperuricemia and gout. This study was undertaken to assess the inhibitory properties of Moringa oleifera seed extracts on crude XO. The isolation of crude XO from bovine (cow) milk was achieved through ammonium sulfate precipitation techniques, and its activity was subsequently quantified using spectrophotometric measurements at a wavelength of 293 nm. The impact on xanthine oxidase inhibition was investigated utilizing varying concentrations of Moringa oleifera seed extracts in methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solutions. Among these extracts, the ethyl acetate variant displayed the most robust inhibitory effect, with a notable inhibition rate of 89.16% ± 0.42, followed by the methanol extract at 65.59% ± 0.79 and the aqueous extract at 48.77% ± 0.85. For comparison, the positive control (allopurinol) exhibited an inhibition rate of 94.32% ± 0.66. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme were determined, revealing Vmax and km values of 0.05 U/ml and 131.35 µM, respectively. When the enzyme was exposed to the inhibitory extracts, the resulting Vmax and km values were as follows: ethyl acetate extract; 0.03 U/ml and 77.12 µM, methanol extract; 0.04 U/ml and 131.35 µM, and aqueous extract; 0.02 U/ml and 74.23 µM. This research work establishes a foundation for the potential utilization of Moringa oleifera seed extracts in addressing hyperuricemia and, consequently, gout.
Inhibition of ATP Production in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by aLibrary of N-(1H-Indol-4-ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide and N-(1H-Indol-5-ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide Analogs
ChemMedChem, 2025
A library of 50 indolyl sulfonamides and 9 amide analogs based upon the 4-indolyl and 5-indolyl f... more A library of 50 indolyl sulfonamides and 9 amide analogs based upon the 4-indolyl and 5-indolyl frameworks has been synthesized to target the metabolic processes of pancreatic cancer. Thirteen of the 50 compounds were identified as cytotoxic at 50 Musing a traditional (48-hour compound exposure) assay against 7pancreatic cancer cell lines and 1 non-cancerous cell line. The potential role of the compounds as metabolic inhibitors of ATP production was then evaluated using a rapid screening (1-2 hour compound exposure) assay developed within our laboratories. The rapid assay identified 10 compounds as strong or moderate hits at 3M against the panel of pancreatic and non-cancerous cell lines. TheIC50 values of the active compounds were determined using the rapid assay in the absence of glucose and four of the compounds displayed an IC50 value <1 M against one or more pancreatic cancer cell lines. Comparison of IC50 values of the active compounds in the presence of glucose implicates the potential role of the compounds as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitors of ATP production. Lastly, a series of amide analogs were synthesized and screened for activity to determine the structural importance of the sulfonamide functionality.
Aspects of Molecular Medicine, 2025
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are increasingly recognized as contributors to the pathogenesis of c... more Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are increasingly recognized as contributors to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer due to their adverse compositional and mechanistic effects. UPFs, distinguished by their high content of unhealthy fats, sodium, refined sugars, and synthetic additives, significantly increase dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity, which are key risk factors for CVDs. Chronic consumption leads to systemic inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Additives such as artificial sweeteners and sodium nitrites in UPFs are associated with carcinogenesis through mechanisms involving genotoxicity and promotion of inflammatory microenvironments. This review critically evaluates existing epidemiological, mechanistic, and clinical evidence linking UPFs consumption to CVDs and cancer, synthesizing insights into their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and highlighting disparities in disease burden across diverse populations. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that UPFs constitute over 50% of daily caloric intake in Western diets, with each 10% increase in UPF consumption associated with a 12% rise in CVDs risk and a comparable increase in cancer incidence. Addressing the global surge in UPF consumption through dietary guidelines, regulatory policies, and public health initiatives may mitigate these risks, improve metabolic and cardiovascular health, and reduce cancer prevalence.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 2025
Background: Breast cancer is a type of malignancy that originates in the breast tissue. It occurs... more Background: Breast cancer is a type of malignancy that originates in the breast tissue. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor. The study aims to evaluate the awareness of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination (BSE) practices among female National Youth Corps Service (NYSC) members In Ibadan. Method: A retrospective study was conducted using data obtained from the female corps members in Ibadan, which cut across all ages, irrespective of syndicate, religion, Marital status, level, and educational status. Results: The research revealed that the majority of the respondents have heard of breast cancer, 136 85%. Just a few of them, 15%, haven't, while only 5% of them have a family history of breast cancer, and 90% of them don't have. Unfortunately, only a few of them (17.5%) have discussed breast cancer with healthcare providers. Also, it was observed that 70% (112) of them had heard about Breast Self-Examination, but it was quite disheartening that only 27.5% (44) of them knew the proper technique of doing it, and few of them, 32.5% (52) just received training on Breast Self-Examination while 82.5% (132) of them doesn't know the causes of the breast cancer which shows their limitations on breast cancer. Conclusion: a study on breast cancer awareness and breast self-examination practices among female National Youth Corps Service (NYSC) Members in Ibadan was conducted.
The Nucleus, 2025
Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of novel ... more Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have emerged as effective treatments by enhancing incretin-mediated insulin secretion. Here, we investigated bioactive compounds from three African plants-Ocimum gratissimum, Colocasia esculenta L., and Jatropha curcas L.-as potential DPP-4 inhibitors through an integrative computational approach. Using molecular docking, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profiling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and MM-GBSA (molecular mechanics energies combined with generalized Born and surface area continuum solvation) free energy calculations, we assessed the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic properties, and stability of these compounds. Also, 100-ns MD simulation with MM-GBSA analysis using Desmond and Prime modules, respectively, was carried out on the top two hit compounds. The results here revealed that salvigenin and daidzein have good drug-likeness profiles, binding potentials, acceptable ADMET properties, and more stable protein-ligand complexes. Conclusively, the current computeraided modeling showed that daidzein and salvigenin might have the potential to inhibit DPP-4 activity in diabetes mellitus. Due to this finding, we suggest robust wet laboratory experiments to facilitate the deployment of both compounds in the fight to manage diabetes mellitus.
Environmental Health Insights, 2025
Objectives: In everyday language, climate change is an increase in the Earth’s average temperatur... more Objectives: In everyday language, climate change is an increase in the Earth’s average
temperature. Climate change negatively affects life support systems, including air, food,
water, shelter, and security, on which humans depend. This paper aims to holistically
integrate maternal and child health into climate change.
Methods: A narrative/literature review approach were adopted using papers sources from
google scholar, research gate and web of science. About 10 papers was initially gathered
and it was later scrutinized to 6.
Results: It was discovered that, climate change negatively impacts food and water
security, heat stress, extreme weather, and air pollution, with women and children most
affected. The World Health Organization estimates 250,000 climate-related deaths
annually by 2050, disproportionately affecting maternal and child health. Integrating
climate and maternal health strategies could offer benefits, yet research on adapting to
climate change’s effects on pregnancy outcomes is limited.
Conclusion: Addressing maternal and child health requires integrating health-focused
strategies into environmental policies to reduce vulnerabilities to climate-related risks. A
comprehensive approach can enhance resilience by improving healthcare access,
education, and sustainable resource management, benefiting public health and
environmental outcomes.
Keywords: heat, malnutrition, forced migration, infectious diseases, mental health problems
Environmental Health Insights, 2025
Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals that are wi... more Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals that are widely present in many industries. Monitoring and analyzing PFAS in Africa is challenging due to the limited availability of mass spectrometry (MS), which is an essential technique for detecting PFAS. This review assesses the scope and impact of the shortage of mass spectrometry instruments in Africa, emphasizing the resulting limitations in monitoring environmental and public health threats. The review analyzes the existing PFAS monitoring, the accessibility of MS instruments, and the technical capabilities within the continent. This study suggests that fewer African countries have sufficient MS instruments, resulting in significant underreport of environmental data and related public health issues. The review proposes financial support and programs to address these difficulties to provide necessary MS instruments. The review suggests that it is highly important to develop regional centers of excellence for PFAS monitoring using MS instruments and investing in training programs to address the gap in monitoring efforts. So, enhancing these are crucial for the successful management of the environment and safeguarding public health from the effects of PFAS contamination.
Keywords
Challenges, method, mass spectrometry, PFAS, Africa, environmental monitoring
BIOMED Natural and Applied Science, 2024
ABSTRACT Background: The coexistence of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)... more ABSTRACT
Background: The coexistence of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and pulmonary fibrosis poses significant challenges in clinical management due to shared risk factors, overlapping pathogenic mechanisms, and the complexity of co-managing multimorbid conditions. Smoking, environmental exposures, and genetic predispositions are critical shared risk factors, while common molecular mechanisms such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and aberrant tissue remodeling contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. This review comprehensively examines the prevalence, shared mechanisms, and clinical implications of these comorbid conditions, emphasizing the importance of integrated management strategies
to improve patient outcomes. We further highlight research gaps and propose future directions for personalized therapeutic approaches.
Keywords: Lung cancer; Multimorbidity; Oxidative Stress; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT); Shared Molecular Mechanisms; Integrated Management Strategies; Chronic Inflammation.
International Journal of Applied Chemical and Biological Sciences, Jul 7, 2021
Trypanosomes are causative agent of trypanosomiasis, which is transmitted by tsetse fly. Trypanos... more Trypanosomes are causative agent of trypanosomiasis, which is transmitted by tsetse fly. Trypanosomiasis is characterized by intermittent fever, anaemia, and frequent diarrhoea. The main purpose of the research was to ascertain the in vivo anti trypanosomal and antioxidant property of aqueous extract from Allium sativum bulb on Trypanosoma congolense infected mice. The acute toxicity study of A. sativum was also determined using Lorke's method, where different extract doses (10 mg/kg to 5000 mg/kg body weight (b/w)) were administered orally. The anti-trypanosomal, DPPH antioxidant activity and hematological studies were also deduced using standard methods. The acute toxicity recorded zero death both in phase I and phase II after a day (24 hours), and the lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 5000 mg/kg bw. Mean parasitemia count, packed cell volume (PCV) and body weight (kg) were monitored in anti-trypanosomal screening at doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg bw (treatment group) including positive and negative control group which had been given standard drug (diaminazine aceturate) and water respectively. Among the treatment groups, 500 mg/kg bw was highly effective in all the screened parameters. However, the hematological screening after the treatment days (16 days) showed that, PCV (36.00±2.00b %; normal range: 35-45 %) and RBC (9.48±0.53c cells/µl of blood; normal range: 5.50-10.20×106 cells/µl of blood) recorded the highest values in extract dose of 500 mg/kg bw. DPPH antioxidant showed IC50 of 56.19±0.00d and 38.07±0.00a in garlic and vitamin C respectively. These results signify that A. sativum may have high efficacy as anti-trypanosomal agents, which could be used as an alternative drug in the management of trypanosomiasis.
Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Background: Trypanosomes cause the parasitic condition, which is transmitted by tsetse fly. The d... more Background: Trypanosomes cause the parasitic condition, which is transmitted by tsetse fly. The disease is characterized by intermittent fever, anemia, and frequent diarrhea. This study examined antioxidant and anti-trypanosomal effects of the aqueous extract of garlic in mice. Methods: The extract’s phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity were performed based on standard methods. The acute toxicity was evaluated via Lorke’s method and the anti-trypanosomal effect was evaluated in mice at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg over 16 days. Results: The screening identified phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins. Phenols were present at the highest amount (291.88±6.12 mg/100g) and alkaloids were present the least (13.66±0.03 mg/100g). At 100 µg/mL, the extract quenched 53.20% of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 12.44 µg/mL. The lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined to be >5000 mg/kg in mice. The extract...
Bulletin of Natural Sciences Research, 2024
ABSTRACT Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trypanosomes, which are flagellate protoz... more ABSTRACT
Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trypanosomes, which are flagellate protozoa transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly, manifests with symptoms including substantial weight loss, anemia, fever, edema, adenitis, dermatitis, and nervous disorders. This research investigated the impact of trypanosomiasis on a murine model while utilizing Corchorus olitorius leaf extract as a potential trypanocidal agent. An acute toxicity analysis was conducted following Lorke’s method, and the antitrypanosomal efficacy was assessed in rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg over three weeks, monitoring changes in parasitemia count, body weight, and hematological parameters. Additionally, lipid profile, electrolyte concentration, and liver and kidney function were evaluated using standard techniques. The extract demonstrated potent antitrypanosomal activity at 400 mg/kg, significantly reducing the parasitemia count to 11.33±4.16 count/mL compared to the positive control at 2.5 mg/kg body weight doses. Furthermore, the 400 mg/kg dose notably increased packed cell volume and body weight in infected rats. Moreover, there were no significant discrepancies in numerous hematological parameters between the infected treated with diminazene aceturate and the extract's 400 mg/kg body weight. This study suggests that Corchorus olitorius extract exhibits significant antitrypanosomal, antilipidemic, and erythropoietic effects, mitigating parasitemia count, lipid levels, and oxidative damage by impeding the biochemical activities of trypanosomes through its active constituents. Thus, Corchorus olitorius extract may offer an alternative therapeutic approach for managing trypanosomal infections.
Keywords: Corchorus olitorius, Parasite, Phytochemical Analysis, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosomiasis.
Results in Chemistry, 2024
In this study, the copper(II) complex [Cu(chromoneTSC)Cl2]•0·.5H2O•0.0625C2H5OH (where chromoneTS... more In this study, the copper(II) complex [Cu(chromoneTSC)Cl2]•0·.5H2O•0.0625C2H5OH (where chromoneTSC = (E)-N-Ethyl-2-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)-hydrazinecarbothioamide) was synthesized and characterized; then used to carry out in vitro studies in combination with berberine chloride (BBC). The ligand and complex were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. The cytotoxic effect was analyzed by using the CCK-8 viability assay in cancer MDA-MB-231 VIM RFP and non-cancer MCF-10A cell lines. The IC50 values for the complex and BBC were 21.2 ± 1.6 and 48.3 ± 2.4 μM, respectively at 24 h incubation, while the IC50 value of the combination treatment was 9.3 ± 1.5 in cancer cells. The co-treatment group significantly increased the number of cells in G2 phase, indicating the growth arrest of cancer cells. Moreover, the combination group showed induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. There was also a study on the effect of the combination treatment on receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) as biomarkers of necroptosis. The results showed activation of necroptosis after treatment with the combination of the copper complex and BBC via the activation of RIPK3–MLKL pathway.
ChemMedChem, 2024
A library of 26 indolyl sulfonamides and 12 amide and ester analogs based upon the 6-indolyl fram... more A library of 26 indolyl sulfonamides and 12 amide and ester analogs based upon the 6-indolyl framework has been synthesized in an effort to target pancreatic cancer. The cytotoxicity of the indolyl sulfonamide compounds has been determined using a traditional (48-hour compound exposure) assay against 7 pancreatic cancer cell lines and 1 non-cancerous cell line. The potential role of the compounds as metabolic inhibitors of ATP production was evaluated using a rapid screening (2-hour compound exposure) assay developed within our laboratories. The IC50 values of the active compounds were determined using the rapid assay and six compounds displayed an IC50 value <5 μM against one or more pancreatic cancer cell lines. The ester analogs also display significant activity as potential metabolic inhibitors of ATP production with four of the six compounds displaying an IC50 value <5 μM against one or more pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Keywords: chemotherapy resistance; indole; pancreatic cancer; sulfonamide; targeted cancer therapy.
Troponin C gene mutations on cardiac muscle cell and skeletal Regulation: A comprehensive review
Gene, Jun 1, 2024
Background: The troponin complex plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal and cardiac contract... more Background: The troponin complex plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal and cardiac contraction. Congenital myopathies can occur due to several mutations in genes that encode skeletal troponin. Moreover, there is limited information regarding the composition of skeletal troponin. This review specifically examines a comprehensive review of the TNNC gene mutations on cardiac and skeletal regulations. Main body: Troponin C (TNNC) has been linked to a newly discovered inherited muscle disorder. Genetic variations in genes that encode skeletal troponin can impair the function of sarcomeres. Various treatment approaches have been employed to mitigate the impact of variations, including the use of troponin activators, the injection of wild-type protein via AAV gene therapy, and myosin modification to enhance muscle contraction. The processes responsible for the pathophysiological implications of the variations in genes that encode skeletal troponin are not fully understood. Conclusion: This comprehensive review will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between human cardiomyopathy and TNNC mutations and will guide the development of therapy approaches.
Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, Dec 30, 2023
Curcuma longa has long been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties in traditional medici... more Curcuma longa has long been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties in traditional medicine systems, which has received substantial scientific validation. This study aimed to evaluate C. longa methanolic extract's proximate and anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochemical screening of C. longa was done by colorimetric and spectrophotometric approaches (both qualitative and quantitative respectively). Furthermore, a recent approach (standard method) was used to research C. longa's anti-inflammatory effects and proximate components. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed a substantial amount of turbid alkaloid (++) but no steroid (-). Phenol (151.34±1.01 mg/100g) had the highest concentration (5.83%), while flavonoid (22.30±0.62 mg/100g) had the lowest (5.83%), according to the quantitative screening. The anti-inflammatory activity of the C. longa methanolic extract in the treated groups (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight) and the positive control group demonstrated a valuable value (inhibitory values). Paw thickness was also significantly different (reduced) between the 600 mg/kg (0.7 cm at 6 hours) and positive control groups (0.5 cm at 6 hours) deducing the anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric when compared to the negative control groups. The lowest inhibition was noted in the 150 mg/kg bw group when compared to 1-6 hours of treatment. These findings demonstrated the antiinflammatory effects of turmeric and its adjuvant capabilities.
GSC biological and pharmaceutical sciences, Dec 29, 2023
The quest for novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, characterized by reduced side effects and h... more The quest for novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, characterized by reduced side effects and heightened therapeutic efficacy, holds significant importance in addressing hyperuricemia and gout. This study was undertaken to assess the inhibitory properties of Moringa oleifera seed extracts on crude XO. The isolation of crude XO from bovine (cow) milk was achieved through ammonium sulfate precipitation techniques, and its activity was subsequently quantified using spectrophotometric measurements at a wavelength of 293 nm. The impact on xanthine oxidase inhibition was investigated utilizing varying concentrations of Moringa oleifera seed extracts in methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solutions. Among these extracts, the ethyl acetate variant displayed the most robust inhibitory effect, with a notable inhibition rate of 89.16% ± 0.42, followed by the methanol extract at 65.59% ± 0.79 and the aqueous extract at 48.77% ± 0.85. For comparison, the positive control (allopurinol) exhibited an inhibition rate of 94.32% ± 0.66. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme were determined, revealing Vmax and km values of 0.05 U/ml and 131.35 µM, respectively. When the enzyme was exposed to the inhibitory extracts, the resulting Vmax and km values were as follows: ethyl acetate extract; 0.03 U/ml and 77.12 µM, methanol extract; 0.04 U/ml and 131.35 µM, and aqueous extract; 0.02 U/ml and 74.23 µM. This research work establishes a foundation for the potential utilization of Moringa oleifera seed extracts in addressing hyperuricemia and, consequently, gout.
Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery, Oct 30, 2023
A global change in dietary habits has led to the introduction of sweeteners in foods. This study ... more A global change in dietary habits has led to the introduction of sweeteners in foods. This study investigated the effect of concentrations of sucrose on liver enzymes and serum protein levels in Wistar rats. Thirty-five (35) Wistar rats were equally randomized into seven groups and fed with a rat diet mixed with sucrose at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% w/w, while the control group was fed on a normal diet without sucrose. Their blood samples were analyzed for total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, ALK phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ƔGT) levels. The results indicated that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in AST (16.00-82.00 µ/L), ALT (44.00-90.80 µ/L), ALK Phos (44.00-90.80 µ/L), and a corresponding decrease in total proteins (69.80-61.39 g/L), albumin (36.00-34.00 g/L) and .00 µ/L) levels as the concentration of sucrose increased. Rats fed with sucrose diets had higher levels of AST (39.27 µ/L), ALT (14.50 µ/L), and ALK Phos (68.47 µ/L) than rats fed with normal diets. Therefore, high doses of sucrose can cause increases in serum liver enzymes and total proteins that are suggestive of liver necrosis. Hence, by decreasing the concentrations of sucrose, the liver may be protected.
Elsevier, 2024
Background: The troponin complex plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal and cardiac contract... more Background: The troponin complex plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal and cardiac contraction. Congenital myopathies can occur due to several mutations in genes that encode skeletal troponin. Moreover, there is limited information regarding the composition of skeletal troponin. This review specifically examines a comprehensive review of the TNNC gene mutations on cardiac and skeletal regulations. Main body: Troponin C (TNNC) has been linked to a newly discovered inherited muscle disorder. Genetic variations in genes that encode skeletal troponin can impair the function of sarcomeres. Various treatment approaches have been employed to mitigate the impact of variations, including the use of troponin activators, the injection of wild-type protein via AAV gene therapy, and myosin modification to enhance muscle contraction. The processes responsible for the pathophysiological implications of the variations in genes that encode skeletal troponin are not fully understood. Conclusion: This comprehensive review will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between human cardiomyopathy and TNNC mutations and will guide the development of therapy approaches.
International Journal of Biological and Biomedical Resources, 2024
Hyperuricemia presents as a prevailing concern in routine clinical practice, affecting an estimat... more Hyperuricemia presents as a prevailing concern in routine clinical practice, affecting an estimated 8.9% to 24.4% of the general populace. Central to the emergence of hyperuricemia and its associated ailments is the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO), which participates in the breakdown of purines into uric acid. This investigation is dedicated to appraising the ability of Jatropha tanjorensis methanolic extract to counteract hyperuricemia and inhibit XO in mice induced with pyrazinamide. The isolation of XO from cow milk was accomplished using ammonium sulfate precipitation techniques, followed by quantification of its activity via spectrophotometric measurements at a wavelength of 293 nm. Evaluation of uric acid levels was carried out through an enzyme colorimetric approach. The yield of Jatropha tanjorensis was found to be 9.2% (27.6 g). The XO inhibitory action of the extract was evident in the reduction in uric acid concentration from 8.73 μg/ml to 4.45 μg/ml after 1 hour. Assessment of toxicity showed that the extract, even at a high dose of 8000 mg/kg bw, had no observable impact on the animals' behavior or physical appearance. The uric acid assay demonstrated that all three doses of Jatropha tanjorensis extract led to a noteworthy reduction in mean serum uric acid levels compared to the negative control group. The highest mean uric acid levels were noted in the negative control groups, measuring 5.36 ± 0.40 mg/dl and 2.71 ± 0.34 mg/dl, respectively. In contrast, the positive control group treated with febuxostat exhibited a mean uric acid level of 3.15 ± 0.27 mg/dl. Regarding weight changes, the normal control and positive control groups displayed average gains of 62.53 g and 35.94 g, respectively, while the negative control group did not exhibit substantial weight variation. Consequently, the Jatropha tanjorensis extract induced a notable reduction in serum uric acid levels, and this antihyperuricemic effect became more prominent as the extract concentration increased. This suggests the extract's potential value in managing hyperuricemia.
Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 2023
Curcuma longa has long been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties in traditional medici... more Curcuma longa has long been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties in traditional medicine systems, which has received substantial scientific validation. This study aimed to evaluate C. longa methanolic extract's proximate and anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochemical screening of C. longa was done by colorimetric and spectrophotometric approaches (both qualitative and quantitative respectively). Furthermore, a recent approach (standard method) was used to research C. longa's anti-inflammatory effects and proximate components. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed a substantial amount of turbid alkaloid (++) but no steroid (-). Phenol (151.34±1.01 mg/100g) had the highest concentration (5.83%), while flavonoid (22.30±0.62 mg/100g) had the lowest (5.83%), according to the quantitative screening. The anti-inflammatory activity of the C. longa methanolic extract in the treated groups (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight) and the positive control group demonstrated a valuable value (inhibitory values). Paw thickness was also significantly different (reduced) between the 600 mg/kg (0.7 cm at 6 hours) and positive control groups (0.5 cm at 6 hours) deducing the anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric when compared to the negative control groups. The lowest inhibition was noted in the 150 mg/kg bw group when compared to 1-6 hours of treatment. These findings demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric and its adjuvant capabilities.
Keywords: Curcuma longa, inflammation, phytochemical, proximate.
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023
The quest for novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, characterized by reduced side effects and h... more The quest for novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, characterized by reduced side effects and heightened therapeutic efficacy, holds significant importance in addressing hyperuricemia and gout. This study was undertaken to assess the inhibitory properties of Moringa oleifera seed extracts on crude XO. The isolation of crude XO from bovine (cow) milk was achieved through ammonium sulfate precipitation techniques, and its activity was subsequently quantified using spectrophotometric measurements at a wavelength of 293 nm. The impact on xanthine oxidase inhibition was investigated utilizing varying concentrations of Moringa oleifera seed extracts in methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solutions. Among these extracts, the ethyl acetate variant displayed the most robust inhibitory effect, with a notable inhibition rate of 89.16% ± 0.42, followed by the methanol extract at 65.59% ± 0.79 and the aqueous extract at 48.77% ± 0.85. For comparison, the positive control (allopurinol) exhibited an inhibition rate of 94.32% ± 0.66. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme were determined, revealing Vmax and km values of 0.05 U/ml and 131.35 µM, respectively. When the enzyme was exposed to the inhibitory extracts, the resulting Vmax and km values were as follows: ethyl acetate extract; 0.03 U/ml and 77.12 µM, methanol extract; 0.04 U/ml and 131.35 µM, and aqueous extract; 0.02 U/ml and 74.23 µM. This research work establishes a foundation for the potential utilization of Moringa oleifera seed extracts in addressing hyperuricemia and, consequently, gout.